1. Rose, Rosaceae, Rosa rugosa Thunb.

Rose is native to my country and has a long history of cultivation. It is both an excellent flowering shrub and an important spice plant.

[Morphological Characteristics] Deciduous, upright shrub, with grey-brown stems and branches, densely covered with bristles and barbs, pinnately compound leaves, 5-9 leaflets, elliptical to elliptical-obovate, bluntly serrated, thick. Wrinkled, bright green above, grey-green below, covered with pubescent or stinging hairs, petioles and rachises sparsely sparse with small prickles and glandular hairs. Most of the stipules are united with the petiole and have fine serrations. The flowers are solitary or in groups of 3-6, with a flower diameter of 6-8 cm. The flowers are fragrant, densely covered with hairs and thorns, and the petals are purple-red or white, single or double. Rose fruits are oblate spherical, red, with persistent flakes. The flowering period is from May to September, and the fruiting period is from September to October.

2. Common varieties are:

Purple Rose f. typica flower rose purple. red rose f． rosea flowers rose red. white rose f． alba flowers are white. Double Purple Rose f.plena roses are purple, double-petaled, fragrant and of good quality. Most of them are not strong. They are widely cultivated in various places. Double white rose f.albo-plena has white flowers with double petals.

[Distribution] It is native to Liaoning, Shandong and other places, and is now cultivated and distributed in various places, mostly in Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Guangdong. Pingyin in Shandong, Miaofeng Mountain in Beijing, and Zhoukou Town in Shangshui County in Henan And Wuxing, Zhejiang and other places are famous producing areas of roses. It is cultivated in Korea, Japan, Europe and the United States.

[Habits] Rose is a temperate tree species, cold-tolerant, drought-tolerant, not strict with soil requirements, can grow on slightly alkaline soil, and can grow on neutral or slightly acidic light loam rich in humus and well-drained. It grows and blooms best and likes light the most. It grows poorly in the shade and has few blooms. It is intolerant of water accumulation. If it is waterlogged, the lower leaves will yellow and fall. It has strong tillering ability and rapid growth.

3. Ecology and types of roses

Rose is native to the East, but now it is probably spread all over the world, mainly in temperate zones. There are 250 different species of original varieties, including wild roses, and thousands of hybrids and variations. Today, there are more than thirty kinds of "scented roses" called "scented roses", but only three of them are "parents" of other roses. They are planted in large areas because of their elegant floral fragrance. The first type is red rose (R.gallica), which is the easiest to reproduce. It is native to the Caucasus and is often called "French rose", "Provins rose" or "Rose of Anatolia". ). The second type of old rose is R.centifolia. It is native to Persia and is often called the "Provence rose" or the Rose of Ispahan. It is the daughter of the red rose. It is the parent generation of moss rose and curling rose. The third type of old rose is Damascena rose (R.damascena), which is native to Syria and has a fragrant fragrance. It is the rose most commonly used for distilling essential oils and has the most medical value.

4. The origin of roses

From ancient times to the present, roses have been prized for their charming fragrance, beautiful flower shape and bright colors. They were introduced to Europe very early. In the Middle Ages, Europe People planted it in monastery gardens for its medicinal value. By the 18th century, older rose varieties were the most valuable. In 1816, the first hybrid rose that bloomed all year round, the Rose du roi, appeared, followed by a variety of new varieties. Rose. The French have been distilling roses since before the French Revolution. At that time, the main purpose was to extract the world-famous rose hydrosol, and the essential oil was a by-product. In 1987, the world's production of rose essential oil was 15 to 20 tons. Bulgaria was the largest producer at the time, while the United States was the main importer. Other countries that produced essential oils were Turkey, France, Morocco, India and China. Bulgaria grows Damascus roses and uses distillation to extract rose essential oil. The rose essential oil produced by Berg is also from Bulgarian roses. The petals contain most of the oil, but the stamens also contain some oil, which can be added to the petals for extraction. In France, volatile solvents are used to extract the raw materials of rose centifolia. In 1888, Damascus rose was cultivated in Miltitz near Leipzig. Since 1894, it has been cultivated in the Anatolia region of Turkey. Today, there are many distilleries throughout Turkey that can be visited.

The use of solvents to extract essential oils began in Bulgaria in 1904, and this extraction method has since become very common. Damask roses are planted in many areas on the Balkan Peninsula at an altitude of 300 to 800 meters. Many experts claim that the rose essential oil that "flys at high altitudes" is better than roses on the ground. Rose cultivation began in Russia in 1931, especially in Crimea and Transcaucasus. A variety called "Novinka" can survive even in harsh environments with ultra-low temperatures. During the flowering season of just four to six weeks, 4,000 to 5,000 tons of Damask rose are distilled in the Moroccan region. With modern distillation methods, they can extract 150 tons per day, part of which is distilled to extract rose essential oil, and the rest is extracted with solvents.

The Romans made extensive use of roses, scattering them from the rooftops during banquets; using roses to worship their favorite gods; and wearing roses to prevent drunkenness. Tarpuin the Superb's gardens were famous for their variety of roses, and his gardeners were beloved throughout the city. Virgil once related that the god of love asked Hector's body to be anointed with rose essence. The Greeks also loved to use roses. Homer praised roses in Eliot and The Odyssey. The ancient Egyptians used roses in religious ceremonies, and roses can still be seen on the sides of mummies in tombs.

There are now more than a hundred types of roses, including white roses, red roses, blue roses, pink roses, light pink roses, yellow roses, two-color roses, etc. , in fact, most roses are new varieties of roses that are improved and developed using several common roses.

There are not many native species of roses, but through cross-breeding, at least more than 15,000 species have been officially registered. According to the size of roses, they can be divided into four categories: large rotation, medium rotation, small rotation and vine.

Large-rotation planting

It is the most popular rose variety in the world, with large flowers and one flower per stem. Representative varieties include Heping Dior.

Mid-rotation planting

It is more commonly used, with corymb inflorescences and flowers about 6-10cm in size. Representative varieties include Red Puppet and Ruolina.

Small rotation planting

The flowers are only 1.5 to 2.5cm in size, with corymb inflorescences. The plants are short and can be used as small potted plants or flower beds to beautify. Representative varieties include Small Sunset, Stalina.

Climbing species

It is derived from vine roses through cross-breeding or mutation of non-vine roses. It can reach 4-6cm in height and has no climbing ability and needs to be fixed manually. branch.

5. Rose: Love, love and beauty, radiant

Rose (red): passion, love for you, I love you, passionate love, hope to have passionate love with you

Rose (blue): honest and kind.

Rose (pink): touching, declaration of love, remembered in the heart, first love, loving your bright smile

Rose (white): innocence, purity, respect, humility

Rose (yellow): unfaithfulness, jealousy, joy, joy, apology

Rose (purple): melancholy .Fantasy, love to dream.

Rose (bouquet): happy love

Rose (orange): shy, giving you a mysterious love

Rose (bud): beauty and youth

Rose (orange): desire.

Rose (red + white): Yes

Rose (red + yellow): happy

Rose (black): You are a devil, and All for me

Rose: pure love, beautiful love, everlasting beauty

Red rose: passionate love, passion, loving you

Pink rose: First love, courtship, love and special care, eternal love

Yellow rose: lost love, faded love

Orange rose: full of youthfulness, the mood of first love

Green roses: innocence and simplicity, lasting youth

Red and white roses: war

Yellow roses Flower language:

For friendship, yellow roses represent pure friendship and beautiful blessings, so it would be a good gift to give to ordinary friends.

As for love, yellow roses are considered an ominous thing, because they represent lost love and lost love, and are even an expression of jealousy. In Japan, yellow roses are a typical breakup gift.

However, in some places, yellow roses also represent waiting, waiting for your love.

The flower language of the blue rose "Blue Enchantress"

The flower language of a single blue enchantress: Staying together is a promise.

The flower language of the two-branched blue enchantress: Meeting is a kind of fate

The flower language of the three-branched blue enchantress: You are my deepest love,

only This is it...