Chinese name Peach Blossom
The distribution area is temperate
Angiosperma
Order Rosa
belongs to Prunus
Latin scientific name Prunus persica
Plant kingdom
Dicotyledonous plant class
Rosaceae
Species Peach
Order
Record. 5 prevention and control of diseases
peach perforation
peach anthracnose
peach gummosis
peach leaf shrinkage
6 common species
7 peach blossom recipes
peach blossom porridge
peach blossom pill
peach blossom tea
peach blossom wine
peach blossom pig's trotters porridge
Suigong whitening recipe
. Meaning
1 Peach Blossom Efficacy
11 About Other
Eight Characters on Peach Blossom
Pony Peach Blossom
12 Peach Blossom Poems
13 Novel Related
14 Peach Blossom and Female
1 Morphological Structure
Peach Blossom
Peach Blossom is a deciduous tree. The leaves are elliptic-lanceolate, the leaf margin is coarsely serrated and hairless, and the petiole is 1 ~ 1.5 cm long. The height can reach 6 ~ 1 meters. The trunk is grayish brown, rough and perforated. Branchlets reddish brown or brownish green, smooth. Flowers are solitary, with white, pink and red colors, double or semi-double, and bloom in March. Drupe is nearly spherical, and the surface is densely covered with short fluff. Because of different varieties, the fruit ripens from June to September. Mainly divided into two categories: fruit peach and flower peach. The varieties include deep red, crimson, pure white and mixed red and white colors, as well as double petals and double petals.
The more important varieties are nectarine, flat peach, longevity peach and peach. Among them, nectarine and flat peach are cultivated as fruit trees, Shouxing peach and Bitong peach are mainly for viewing, and Shouxing peach can also be used as dwarf rootstock of peach. The tree is 4 ~ 5 meters high. Annual branches are reddish brown. The leaves are mostly lanceolate, the leaf margin is serrated, and nectaries are often found at the base of the petiole. There are two kinds of flower patterns: rose and bell. Drupe is mostly round or oblong except flat peach, and the fruit surface is evenly distributed with fuzz except nectarine. The flesh is white, yellow or flushed, and a few are red; The meat is soft, brittle or dense; There are different pits on the nuclear surface, which are important classification basis for species and variety groups.
Peach blossom is a traditional garden flower in China, with beautiful tree shape, sparse branches, rich flowers and bright colors, and it is one of the important flower viewing trees in early spring.
Peach fruit is a famous fruit; Peach stones can extract oil; Its branches, leaves, fruits and roots can be used as medicine; Peach wood is fine and hard and can be used for carving.
2 ecological habits
Peach likes light and requires good ventilation; Good drainage and drought tolerance; Fear of waterlogging, such as waterlogging for 3 ~ 5 days, light leaves, heavy death. Cold-tolerant, East China and North China can generally overwinter in the open air.
Peach blossoms should be light loam, and it is better to keep half moisture. Not tolerant of alkaline earth, and not fond of the soil being too sticky, and not choosing fertilizers, the other ecological habits are roughly similar to plum. However, the growth potential and branching ability are stronger than those of Prunus mume, but they cannot last long, and they begin to decline from about 2 years old.
the average tree age can last for 2 to 4 years. Peach trees begin to blossom and bear fruit at an early age. Usually, the grafted seedlings begin to blossom and bear fruit 1-3 years after planting, and enter the flowering and fruiting period 4-6 years later. It grows rapidly and can shoot secondary shoots 2-4 times a year. Developed root system, especially fibrous roots; Transplanting is easy to survive. There are 1 ~ 3 flower buds per node, which are almost sessile. Flowers and leaves are sprouted at the same time, and leaves grow into a full shape after flowering.
Most peach varieties take long fruit branches as the main part of flowering and fruiting, but a few varieties such as "Shouxing Peach" mostly bloom and bear fruit on short fruit branches and middle fruit branches. East China and Central China bloom more in the middle and late March, and the fruit ripens from June to September. [2]
3 Propagation methods
Peach blossoms
[3] Peach blossoms are mainly propagated by grafting, mostly by cutting or shield-shaped bud grafting. Peach (a semi-cultivated type of peach) is widely used as rootstock in East China, while Prunus armeniaca is used in North China. However, peach trees grafted with Prunus armeniaca or Prunus armeniaca rootstock have the disadvantages of short tree age and many pests and diseases. If apricot is used as rootstock, although grafting is laborious and the initial growth is slightly slow, it has a long life and fewer pests and diseases.
autumn sowing is convenient for rootstock seeds; Or use wet sand to layer seeds after autumn, and take them out and sow them in early spring of next year. When sowing, the row spacing is usually 4 ~ 5 cm, the spacing between plants is 1 ~ 2 cm, and the ditch is 5 cm, and one grain is planted at each place. When sowing in spring, if the buds have germinated, cover them with soil.
Bud grafting is mostly carried out in July and August, and it is better to use full annual seedlings as rootstocks, and two-year rootstocks are barely available. The survival rate of bud grafting is very high, mostly above 95%; Most of them didn't germinate in that year, so they should be checked once in the spring. Those who survive will remove the rootstock buds to make the peach blossom scions sprout, and those who don't live can make up for cutting and breeding immediately.
Cut-off should be carried out when the buds have begun to sprout in spring. Peach blossom branches that grow abundantly in spring should be selected and cut into 6-7 cm long branches, with 2 buds (one node is also acceptable), and the incision is 2-3 cm long. One-year-old or two-year-old seedlings are the best rootstock, but the elderly are not good. Cut the top of the rootstock about 5 cm from the ground, and then cut it. After that, it is necessary to cultivate the soil and slightly cover the top of the scion. The survival rate of grafting can generally reach 9% or higher.
4 cultivation techniques
peach blossoms
peach blossoms are transplanted and planted in early spring or after defoliation in autumn and winter. They are planted in places with sufficient drainage and sunshine, and basic fertilizers (human excrement and urine, compost, cake fertilizer, bone meal, etc.) should be applied in planting holes to promote flower bud differentiation. Bare root transplantation is feasible for young seedlings; Large seedlings and trees, especially the more valuable varieties, had better be transplanted with soil, or at least the roots dipped in mud, and then transplanted to ensure survival. Plastic surgery is mainly based on natural happy shape, and pruning can be slightly heavier than plum. Fine branches, cross branches and pest branches in the crown are all cut off, which is more than before flowering, and potted plants can be postponed until after flowering. Generally, basal fertilizer is applied once a year in winter, and topdressing is applied once before flowering and around June to promote flowering and flower bud formation. In addition, intertillage and weeding should be done properly at ordinary times. Pests and diseases mainly include peach aphid, peach pink aphid, peach dust, pear moth, peach leaf shrinkage disease, peach brown rot and so on, which should be prevented in time.
1. Peach blossom watering: Don't do it without watering. When watering, it should be appropriate to prevent root rot caused by stagnant water. Spray a new high-fat film to adjust the water absorption.
2. peach blossom fertilization: apply liquid fertilizer once or twice each year after flowering, and do not apply fertilizer at other times, and spray new high-fat film to improve the effective component rate of fertilizer.
3. Pruning of peach blossoms: Peach blossoms are annual axillary buds that enrich Zhi Tao, differentiate into flower buds in July, and bloom in the next spring, so attention should be paid to pruning. Young peaches should be pruned in time after flowering, and only two or three buds at the base of flowering branches should be kept, and the rest should be cut off. In summer, the branches that grow too vigorously are cored to promote the formation of flower buds. For plants that don't grow well, we should avoid pruning too much, restrain the strong and help the weak, and pay attention to the uniform distribution of branches, resulting in beautiful plant shapes.
4. peach blossom changing pots: every year at the vernal equinox. When changing pots, put some phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer at the bottom of pots, cut off over-dense roots and fill in new pot soil.
5 prevention and control of diseases
peach blossom prevention and control of diseases and pests: peach blossom will produce leaf shrinkage disease, which can be prevented by spraying Bordeaux liquid on the trunk every half month at the beginning of the disease. Insects such as aphids, moths and longicorn beetles can be captured manually or sprayed with pesticides to kill them. Peach blossom is a good material for indoor bottle insertion in the Spring Festival. In order to ensure that it blooms in the Spring Festival, it can be treated by forcing flowers. Generally, after defoliation, the pot is moved to a cool place below 7℃, and then moved indoors one to one and a half months before the Spring Festival. The temperature is about 1℃ at first, and then the room temperature is gradually raised. In the environment of 2 ~ 25℃, it can bloom after fifteen to twenty-five days.
peach perforation, peach anthracnose and peach gummosis are the three most common peach diseases.
peach perforation
mainly harms leaves, as well as branches and fruits. One is bacterial perforation caused by bacteria, and the other is fungal perforation caused by fungi. Warm and rainy season is conducive to the occurrence of bacterial perforation of peach, which is a common disease of peach. Peach fungal perforation is easy to occur in warm and rainy conditions, and peach plants with weak trees, poor drainage and poor ventilation and light transmission are susceptible to disease. Strengthening management, increasing base fertilizer, improving soil, strengthening tree vigor and improving disease resistance are the main methods to control peach perforation. At the same time, pay attention to cutting off the sick and disabled to reduce reinfection of pathogens. Spraying Bomei 3 ~ 5 stone sulfur mixture before germination in early spring can treat pests at the same time, and 7% thiophanate methyl wettable powder can be sprayed 8 ~ 1 times during the growth period. Streptomycin, oxytetracycline and jinggangmycin can be used to kill bacterial perforation.
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides of peach
mainly damages fruits, and leaves and shoots can also get sick. Peach blossoms are more likely to get sick when they are in low temperature and rainy. Eliminating diseased shoots, dead branches and stiff fruits and reducing overwintering bacteria sources are the main control methods, and Pomei 5 stone sulfur mixture can also be sprayed before flowering. After flowering, it can be sprayed with 5% thiophanate 6 times and 7% thiophanate methyl 8-1 times.
Peach gummosis
mainly harms the branches, especially the older plants. Strengthening peach tree management, strengthening tree vigor, improving resistance, timely and effectively controlling trunk pests and reducing unnecessary mechanical damage are the main methods of control, and appropriate pesticides and fungicides can also be selected according to specific conditions.
peach leaf shrinkage disease
mainly occurs in early spring when the temperature is low and it is rainy. To eliminate overwintering bacteria, the main control methods are spraying Pomei 3 ~ 5 sulfur mixture and 1:1 Bordeaux mixture, or spraying 7% mancozeb 5 times and 7% thiophanate methyl 1 times when the petals are red. Features: Peach blossom is a deciduous tree. Its leaves are elliptic-lanceolate, with coarse serrations and hairless edges, and its petiole is 1 ~ 1.5 cm long. Flowers are solitary, the first leaves are open, almost sessile, pink, 5 petals, flowering from March to April, and fruit ripening from June to September. The varieties include crimson, crimson, pure white and mixed red and white colors, as well as compound petals and double petals.
6 common species
1. Small white peach: small white flowers with oval petals, few calyx flowers, brownish branches with green spots.
second, the big white peach: it has large white flowers with round petals, and the green branches are densely covered with fine hairs.
3. Five-color peach: Also known as Sprinkled Peach, most of the flowers are white or slightly red, with one or several pink flowers in between, and one flower or petal is half white and half pink. Oblong petals with reddish-brown branches.
fourth, thousands of petals: the flowers are pink, mostly three-wheeled petals, and the filaments are pink. Some flowers are slightly red, filaments are red, and flowers are red.
five, red peach: pink flowers, almost double, with reddish-brown branches.
Sixth, crimson peach: crimson flowers, purple-brown calyx tube, deeply wrinkled and hairy. The flowers are green and brown.
7. Green peach: Petals are light green, obovate, with reddish-brown spots on the green branches, which bloom late, mostly in mid-April.
8. Peach with drooping branches: drooping branches, double flowers, and various colors, such as crimson, sprinkled gold, pink and pure white.
9. Shouxing peach, Ziyetao, etc. The former has large white flowers, late flowering, short tree shape and large leaves; The latter is mainly characterized by purple leaves.
7 Peach Blossom Recipe
Peach Blossom Porridge
Peach Blossom Porridge takes 2 grams of peach (dried), 1 grams of japonica rice and 3 grams of brown sugar. Put peach blossoms in a casserole, soak them in water for 3 minutes, add japonica rice, simmer porridge with slow fire, add brown sugar when porridge is finished, and mix well. One dose a day, once breakfast while warm, every 5 doses is a course of treatment, and the next course can be taken after 5 days. It is suitable for patients with blood stasis (such as dark complexion, blood clots in menstruation, purple spots on the tongue, and long-term dry stool). This porridge not only has a cosmetic effect, but also can promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis. However, this porridge should not be taken for a long time, and should be suspended during menstruation. Those with excessive menstruation should avoid taking it. If you use fresh peach petals, the effect will be better. Fresh products can be used 4 grams a day. Peach blossom pig's trotters beauty porridge 1 gram of peach blossom (dried product), 1 pig's trotters and 1 grams of japonica rice. Bake the peach blossoms and grind them into fine powder for later use. Separate the skin and bones of pig's trotters, add water in an iron pot, boil with high fire, skim off the floating foam, take out the bones when the pig's trotters are cooked, add japonica rice and peach blossom powder, and continue to simmer porridge with low fire. When the porridge is finished, add appropriate amount of fine salt, monosodium glutamate, sesame oil, chopped green onion and ginger powder, mix well, take one dose every other day, and take it warm in batches. This prescription has the effects of promoting blood circulation, moistening skin, invigorating qi, promoting lactation, enriching muscles, caring skin, removing blood stasis and promoting regeneration, and is suitable for breast-feeding women with facial spots. Taking this porridge after delivery can not only promote lactation, but also remove facial spots, moisturize the skin and replenish the body.
6g of peach blossom whitening square peach blossom (dry product), 75g of wax gourd kernel and 45g of orange peel are ground into very fine powder, put in a porcelain bottle for later use, 1g each time, 2-3 times a day, and served with warm glutinous rice wine after meals. This recipe has the effects of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, removing spots, whitening skin and moistening skin, and can be used for people with dark face or chloasma.
Peach Blossom Pill
Peach Blossom Pill Take the newly opened peach blossoms, dry them, grind them, sieve them, refine them into pills, and take 6 grams each morning and evening. This pill has a good effect on patients with dark complexion or acne, acne and butterfly spots caused by liver depression and qi stagnation and poor blood circulation. It can also be used for the treatment of dysmenorrhea and migraine.
Peach Blossom Tea
Peach Blossom Peach Blossom Tea takes 4g of peach blossom (dry product), 5g of wax gourd kernel and 3g of poplar bark. Peach blossoms are collected, dried and preserved on the third day of the third lunar month every year. Take dried peach blossom, wax gourd kernel and poplar bark in a cup every day, brew in boiling water, cover it, and drink after 1 minutes. It can be brewed repeatedly for 3 ~ 4 times, and it can be taken as tea, one dose per day. Suitable for people with facial dark spots, pregnancy pigmentation spots and senile spots, as well as those with darker skin in areas with strong sunshine. Pregnant women and those with excessive menstrual flow should not take it. There are many canned peach blossom teas on the market, which can be bought in supermarkets, pharmacies and online. Such as.
peach blossom wine
peach blossom wine Peach Blossom (collected on the third day of the third lunar month) and fine white wine. Pour the peach blossom into the jar, add the Chinese liquor, cover it with a seal, soak it for 3 days, unseal it, pour out the medicinal liquor and put it away. Take 5 ~ 1 ml of the medicinal liquor for drinking each time, once in the morning and once in the evening. Put the peach petals back in the jar, add a proper amount of white wine and soak them for 45 days as the second medicinal liquor, taking 1 ~ 2 ml each time, once in the morning and once in the evening. Healthy young and middle-aged men and women are suitable for drinking, which can prevent diseases and beautify the face. People with heavy menstrual flow should avoid taking it.
3g of peach blossom and 4g of angelica dahurica are collected from peach blossom and angelica dahurica wine, put in a bottle, add 1ml of white wine, seal it, and open it for use one month later. Drink 1 cup of peach blossom and angelica dahurica wine in the morning and evening every day, and pour a little medicinal liquor into the palm of your hand at the same time, rub your hands together, and wipe your face back and forth after the palm is < P > hot. This prescription can remove facial black spots and treat dull complexion, black spots and postpartum dark complexion. Generally, after 4 ~ 6 days, the spots disappear and the complexion becomes ruddy and shiny.
Peach Blossom Porridge
1 gram of peach blossom (dry product), 1 clean trotter, 1 grams of japonica rice, and appropriate amounts of salt, soy sauce, ginger powder, chopped green onion, sesame oil and monosodium glutamate. Peach blossom powder is in reserve; Taojing japonica