1. Biological characteristics of Dioscorea zingiberensis The growth period is long and the sowing period is flexible. Dioscorea zingiberensis is a perennial vine. We planted it in the same year and harvested it in the same year. The best sowing date is generally in February-March, and sowing after April has an impact on yield. Emerged in mid-April, blossomed in mid-late May, tubers began to swell in early June, and August and September were the rapid expansion period. 1 1 The leaves of vines wilted after frost in late October, and harvested in1February.
1, the overground part grows vigorously, and the stems and vines are generally 80 leaves, and the vines are 330 cm long; The maximum number of leaves is 132, and the vine length is 520 cm. Therefore, it must be cultivated by scaffolding, and the yield is only 500-600 kg/mu without scaffolding.
2, the root system is developed, the longest root is 35 cm, and it has strong drought resistance, which means it is not afraid of drought.
3, afraid of water stains, Dioscorea zingiberensis underground tuber contains a lot of starch, so it is extremely afraid of water stains. If it is waterlogged for a long time, it will easily cause a large number of deaths. In addition, the growth of turmeric also requires loose soil.
Second, the cultivation techniques of Dioscorea zingiberensis
1, paddy field and dry land with loose soil, high and dry terrain and good drainage should be selected for land selection. Yellow-ribbed mud land, steep land with excessive slope, cold sunny land in deep mountains, creek beach land prone to waterlogging and low-lying land with poor drainage are not suitable for planting.
2. Soil preparation requires deep ploughing, raking fine soil, and then soil preparation. Deep-rooted weeds should be turned over. If there are lots of grass, spray glyphosate to kill the old grass 7 days before ploughing. Paddy field should be cultivated by border preparation, with the width of border1.8-3.0m.
Horizontal planting
Trench every two rows.
At the same time, open the lumbar groove
Zhigou
Hengtougou
Ensure smooth drainage. Dry land can be planted, and ditching is based on smooth drainage and no water accumulation.
3. Seed selection
A: Choose fresh stems with bright colors, with more than two bud heads and the weight below 10-25g and 10g, which have weak viability, late seedling division, low survival rate and low yield, and are not suitable for high-yield cultivation. Eliminate the rotten seeds of old ginger. The difference between old ginger and new ginger: the color of old ginger is dark, there is no root hair or very little, and there is no head.
B: The amount of seeds used per mu100-150kg.
Step 4: sow seeds
A: The sowing date is from February to March, before April 20th at the latest. Choose sunny days and sow when the soil moisture is suitable.
B: Base fertilizer: 50-75 kilograms of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per mu is spread in the sowing ditch, and then seed blocks are put.
C: Planting density, row spacing of 40-50 cm, plant spacing of 16- 18 cm, sowing 8000- 10000 plants per mu. Trenching depth is10cm, and after sowing, furrowing and soil covering are combined, and the soil covering depth is 5 5- 10/0cm.
5. Field management
A: Weeding is a main content of Dioscorea zingiberensis after sowing, and it is also the key to the success or failure of field management. First, before the emergence of Dioscorea zingiberensis, spray 10% glyphosate 1.5 kg plus 50% butachlor 200ml and 50 kg of water per mu. After the emergence of Dioscorea zingiberensis, 40ml of 10.8% high-efficiency covering grass and 200ml of 50% butachlor were sprayed with 50 kg of water, and then a small amount of weeds that were not killed were manually pulled out after about 20 days. Then, combined with intertillage and soil cultivation, this formula was used to control weeds according to their growth conditions. It can be left untreated after September.
B: Covering, that is, covering immediately after prevention and control with glyphosate. The mulch can be selected from manure, thatch, firewood, straw, etc. Column fertilizer is generally 1000-2000 kg, and thatch and straw are about 750 kg. Mulching can reduce the harm of weeds, loosen the soil and provide nutrients. According to the experiment, the yield can be increased by 32.9% with the application of mulch fertilizer per mu 1500 kg.
C: Scaffolding. When the height of the seedlings is 20 cm, small bamboo poles or small sticks are selected for cutting and scaffolding. The length of the skewers is150-180cm, one Jiang Miao is inserted every 3-4 plants, and then every 4 skewers are tied into a bundle 30cm below the top to prevent lodging. After the erection, the vines should be put on the shelves to prevent the vines from being strung in disorder, which will affect the collection of wind, lighting and field operation.
D: Fertilization is divided into four times, with urea per mu 10 kg in early May, 20 kg of 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu in mid-June, 30 kg of 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu in late July and 20 kg of 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu from late August to early September. One can prevent premature aging, and the other can promote the formation of the second tuber expansion peak in 10.
E: After the first fertilization in the first ten days of May, the first furrow cleaning and soil cultivation will be carried out. In the future, ditch cleaning and drainage should be done in time.
F: Pest control. Dioscorea zingiberensis mainly has two pests and one disease. Black cutworm usually damages in April-May. It bites off the base of Dioscorea zingiberensis and forms a large number of withered vines in severe cases. At the beginning of April, we should pay close attention to it. It is found that the harm can be effectively controlled by spraying 4 kg of Chaidan per mu on the foot of the plant. There are pheasant-streaked nights in August-September, and feeding on rattan leaves will generally not affect the yield. If it is serious, it should be controlled with drugs at low season. Stem rot is the main disease of Dioscorea zingiberensis, and the severity of the disease is closely related to soil moisture. Therefore, the key to the prevention and control of the disease is to select land and drain water. The chemical control is to irrigate the roots with 500 times of 50% carbendazim in the early stage of the disease, and then apply the drug once every seven days for three times.