Song of Eternal Sorrow is a long narrative poem written by Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. This poem can be divided into three sections. The first section is thirty-two sentences from "china's Emperor, craving beauty that might shake an empire" to "and broke the tunes of The Rainbow Skirt and the Feathered Coat", which describes the love life and love effect of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei, and the resulting outbreak of famine and chaos in the country and Anshi rebellion. From "the Forbidden City, the nine-tiered palace, loomed in the dust" to "and yet no beloved spirit ever visited his dreams", * * * is the second paragraph, which describes the mutiny of Mayiyi, the murder of Yang Guifei, and Tang Xuanzong's yearning for Yang Guifei since then. The forty-six sentences from "at Lingqiong lived a Taoist priest who was a guest of heaven" to "while this unending sorrow goes on and on for ever" are the third paragraph, which describes how Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty sent people to look for Yang Guifei and Yang Guifei to meet the envoys of Tang Xuanzong in Penglai Palace.
Original text:
The Everlasting Regret
Bai Juyi [Tang Dynasty]
China's Emperor, craving beauty that might shake an empire, was on the throne for many years, searching, never finding.
Till a little child of the Yang clan, hardly even grown, bred in an inner chamber, with no one knowing her.
But with graces granted by heaven and not to be concealed, at last one day was chosen for the imperial household.
If she but turned her head and smiled, there were cast a hundred spells, and the powder and paint of the Six Palaces faded into nothing.
It was early spring. They bathed her in the FlowerPure Pool, which warmed and smoothed the creamy-tinted crystal of her skin.
And, because of her languor, a maid was lifting her, when first the Emperor noticed her and chose her for his bride.
The cloud of her hair, petal of her cheek, gold ripples of her crown when she moved, were sheltered on spring evenings by warm hibiscus curtains.
But nights of spring were short and the sun arose too soon, and the Emperor, from that time forth, forsook his early hearings.
And lavished all his time on her with feasts and revelry, his mistress of the spring, his despot of the night.
There were other ladies in his court, three thousand of rare beauty, but his favours to three thousand were concentered in one body.
The Golden House is dressed up to serve the night, and when tables were cleared in the Tower of Jade, she would loiter, slow with wine.
Sisters and brothers are all in the country, and, because she so illumined and glorified her clan.
She brought to every father, every mother through the empire, happiness when a girl was born rather than a boy.
...High rose Li Palace, entering blue clouds, and far and wide the breezes carried magical notes.
Of soft song and slow dance, of string and bamboo music, the Emperor's eyes could never gaze on her enough.
Till war-drums, booming from Yuyang, shocked the whole earth, and broke the tunes of The Rainbow Skirt and the Feathered Coat.
The Forbidden City, the nine-tiered palace, loomed in the dust, from thousands of horses and chariots headed southwest.
The imperial flag opened the way, now moving and now pausing, but thirty miles from the capital, beyond the western gate.
The men of the army stopped, not one of them would stir, till under their horses' hoofs they might trample those moth-eyebrows.
Flowery hairpins fell to the ground, no one picked them up, and a green and white jade hair-tassel and a yellowgold hair-bird.
The Emperor could not save her, he could only cover his face, and later when he turned to look, the place of blood and tears.
Was hidden in a yellow dust blown by a cold wind, at the cleft of the Dagger-Tower Trail they crisscrossed through a cloud-line.
Under Emei Mountain. The last few came, flags and banners lost their colour in the fading sunlight.
But as waters of Shu are always green and its mountains always blue, so changeless was His Majesty's love and deeper than the days.
He stared at the desolate moon from his temporary palace, he heard bell-notes in the evening rain, cutting at his breast.
And when heaven and earth resumed their round and the dragon car faced home, the Emperor clung to the spot and would not turn away. (The earth turns to work: the day turns)
From the soil along the Mawei slope, under which was buried, that memory, that anguish. Where was her jade-white face?.
Ruler and lords, when eyes would meet, wept upon their coats, as they rode, with loose rein, slowly eastward, back to the capital.
The pools, the gardens, the palace, all were just as before, the Lake Taiye hibiscus, the Weiyang Palace willows.
But a petal was like her face and a willow-leaf her eyebrow, and what could he do but cry whenever he looked at them??
Peach-trees and plum-trees blossomed, in the winds of spring, lakka-foliage fell to the ground, after autumn rains. (bloom Day 1: bloom Night)
The Western and Southern Palaces were littered with late grasses, and the steps were mounded with red leaves that no one swept away. (Nannei Yi Zuo: Nanyuan)
Li Yuan disciple Bai Fuxin, and the eunuchs thin-eyebrowed in her Court of PepperTrees;.
Over the throne flew fire-flies, while he brooded in the twilight., he would lengthen the lamp-wick to its end and still could never sleep..
Bell and drum would slowly toll the dragging nighthours, and the River of Stars grow sharp in the sky, just before dawn.
And the porcelain mandarin-ducks on the roof grow thick with morning frost, jade is cold, who is with * * *?
With the distance between life and death year after year, and yet no beloved spirit ever visited his dreams.
At Lingqiong lived a Taoist priest who was a guest of heaven, able to summon spirits by his concentrated mind.
And people were so moved by the Emperor's constant brooding, that they besought the Taoist priest to see if he could find her.
He opened his way in space and clove the ether like lightning, up to heaven, under the earth, looking everywhere.
Above, he searched the Green Void, below, the Yellow Spring, but he failed, in either place, to find the one he looked for.
And then he heard accounts of an enchanted isle at sea, a part of the intangible and incorporeal world.
With pavilions and fine towers in the five-coloured air, and of exquisite immortals moving to and fro.
And of one among them-whom they called The Ever True, with a face of snow and flowers resembling hers he sought.
So he went to the West Hall's gate of gold and knocked at the jasper door, and asked a girl, called Morsel-of-Jade, to tell The Doubly- Perfect.
And the lady, at news of an envoy from the Emperor of China, was startled out of dreams in her nine-flowered, canopy.
She pushed aside her pillow, dressed, shook away sleep, and opened the pearly shade and then the silver screen.
Her cloudy hair-dress hung on one side because of her great haste, and her flower-cap was loose when she came along the terrace.
The wind blows the fairy's gown, as though she danced The Rainbow Skirt and the Feathered Coat. (Gone with the wind: fluttering)
And the tear-drops drifting down her sad white face, were like a rain in spring on the blossom of the pear. (Lan Tong: column)
But love glowed deep within her eyes when she bade him thank her liege, whose form and voice had been strange to her ever since their parting.
Since happiness had ended at the Court of the Bright Sun, and moons and dawns had become long in Fairy-Mountain Palace.
But when she turned her face and looked down toward the earth, and tried to see the capital, there were only fog and dust.
Show affection for the old, and, through his envoy, sent him back a shell box and gold hairpin.
But kept one branch of the hairpin and one side of the box, breaking the gold of the hairpin, breaking the shell of the box.
But your heart is as strong as gold, somewhere, sometime, on earth or in heaven, we shall surely. (Dan Ling Yi Zuo: Dan Jiao)
And she sent him, by his messenger, a sentence reminding him, of vows which had been known only to their two hearts.
On the seventh day of the Seventh-month, in the Palace of Long Life, we told each other secretly in the quiet midnight world.
That we wished to fly in heaven, two birds with the wings of one, and to grow together on the earth, two branches of one tree..
Earth endures, heaven endures; some time both shall end, while this unending sorrow goes on and on for ever.
Translation:
Tang Xuanzong loves women and has been looking for stunning beauty. He has ruled the country for many years and can't find a satisfactory one.
The Yang family has a daughter who has just grown up and is raised in a boudoir. Outsiders don't know that she is absolutely beautiful.
Natural beauty made it difficult for her to bury herself in the world, and it didn't take long for her to become a concubine around Tang Minghuang.
Looking back, she smiled and was charming, and all the other concubines in the palace were eclipsed.
In the cold spring, the emperor gave her a bath in Huaqing pool, and the warm spring water washed the white and moist skin.
Maid-in-waiting helped her to be as weak and graceful as a lotus, which began to get the favor of the emperor.
The temples are like clouds, the face is like a flower head, and the warm hibiscus curtains are in spring night with the emperor.
I only hate that spring night slept until the sun rose high after a short sleep, and the king never went to court earlier.
Thanks to the favor of the emperor, I was too busy to have a moment's leisure. I went out with the emperor in spring and pampered him every night.
There are many beautiful women in the harem, but only she enjoys the favor of the emperor.
Dressing up in the golden house and coquetry every night leave the king, and drinking and feasting on the jade floor add a little charm.
Brothers and sisters are all honored because of her, and the Yang family's brilliance is enviable and yearning.
As a result, parents all over the world have changed their minds and become more concerned about giving birth to girls than boys.
In the Huaqing Palace in Mount Li, the Yuyuqiong Building soars into the sky, and the cool breeze floats in all directions in Yue Xian.
Light singing and dancing are more vivid in tune with the orchestral melody, but the king never tires of watching it all day long.
The drums of Yuyang Rebellion were deafening, and colorful plumage stopped playing in the palace.
There was a war in the capital of Jiuchongmen, and the king fled to the southwest with his ministers and beauty as soon as possible.
The emperor's guard of honor team stopped and went to Mawei slope, which is more than 100 miles away from Chang 'an.
The body-guard stopped moving and asked for the death of King Yang Guifei, so he had no choice but to kill Yang Yuhuan under Mawei Slope.
The ornaments on the imperial concubine's head were discarded on the ground, and the precious headdresses of gold finches, hairpin and jade hairpin were one by one.
The emperor couldn't hide his face and cry when he wanted to save him. When he looked back, he saw the scene of the tragic death of the imperial concubine, and the blood and tears could not stop flowing.
The wind blew up the yellow dust, which was particularly bleak, and the team crossed the plank road and set foot on the Jiange ancient road.
There are few pedestrians under Mount Emei, and the flags are colorless and the sun and the moon are dull.
The beautiful scenery in Shu attracted the king's love.
I feel sad when I see the moonlight in the palace, and heartbroken when I hear the bell at night.
When the situation improved, the emperor returned to Chang 'an, passing by Maweipo and thinking about things and people.
In the desolate yellow tomb under Mawei slope, the beauty is no longer seen, only the graves lie in the mountains.
The monarch and his subjects looked after each other with tears and wet clothes, and looked eastward to whip the horse unintentionally and let it go back to Beijing.
When I came back, I saw that the place of Chiyuan was still there, and the hibiscus beside Taiye Pool was still weeping willow in Weiyang Palace.
Furong's face is like Yuhuan's, and Liu Yeer's eyebrows are like hers. How can I not shed tears?
It's sad that the spring breeze blows away the flowers of peaches and plums, and the scene of autumn rain dripping down the leaves of plane trees is even more miserable.
Xingqing Palace and Ganlu Hall are covered with autumn grass, and the fallen leaves are full of steps, and no one has cleaned them for a long time.
The hair of the song and dance artists in the pear garden is snow-white, and the beauty of the maids in the pepper room has faded.
At night, fireflies danced in the palace, and Xuanzong quietly missed the imperial concubine, but it was still difficult to sleep when the lamp was exhausted.
The more the slow bells and drums sound, the longer the night is, and the milky way is about to light up during the day.
Who sleeps with the king in the cold jade quilt?
Yin and Yang have been separated for one year. Why have you never been in my dream?
There is a Taoist priest who came to Chang 'an from Linqiong. It is said that he can attract the soul of the imperial concubine with sincerity.
He was moved by the feeling that the king missed the imperial concubine, so the Taoist tried his best to find the soul of the imperial concubine.
Walking like lightning, I searched the sky and the ground.
I searched all over nine days and all over nine places, but I still couldn't find what I could find.
I suddenly heard that there is a fairy mountain on the sea, which is surrounded by clouds.
The gorgeous and exquisite balcony is held up by colorful clouds, and there are countless fairies with light and feminine posture.
Among them, there is a character whose words are too real, and whose skin is like snow. It seems that it is the Yang Yuhuan that the king is looking for.
The messenger came to the west of Jinque and knocked on the courtyard gate made of jade carving, calling softly, and the courtyard of Xianfu had to be notified repeatedly.
It's true to hear that the angel of the king has arrived and woke up from the beautifully embroidered curtains.
Put on clothes, push the pillow out of the bed, and the bead curtain and the silver screen are opened one after another.
I just woke up with a cloud bun, and I came out of the hall with a wreath before I could dress up.
The gentle fairy wind fluttered the sleeves slightly, just like the dancing of the imperial concubine.
Lonely and sad, the tears on my face are always flowing, just like pear flowers with rain in spring.
Gazing at the emissary of the son of heaven with emotion, he thanked the king deeply, and there was no sign of him after a long farewell on Mawei Slope.
The marriage in Zhaoyang Temple has long been cut off, and the lonely time in Penglai Palace is still very long.
Looking at the world from the fairyland, I can't see Chang 'an, who is haunted by dreams, but only the vast dust and fog.
I can only express my deep affection with the keepsake of that year, and you can take the box of gold hairpin to the king as a souvenir.
Divide the golden hairpin and the cymbal box in half, and the king and I will each keep half.
I hope our loving hearts are as faithful and hard as Huang Jinbao's, and there will always be a chance to see each other in heaven and earth.
When I left, I politely asked the messenger to send a message to the king. The oath in the message was only known to the king and me.
In on the seventh day of the Seventh-month, in the Palace of Long Life, there was no one in the middle of the night, and we made a pledge of eternal love.
In heaven, I wish to be a bird of fly with me, and on earth, I wish to grow branches together.
Even if it lasts forever, there will always be an end, but this life and death resentment will never end.
Notes:
Han Emperor: Originally refers to Liu Che, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty. Here refers to Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. The literary creation of Tang people is often called Tang in Chinese.
Heavy color: love women.
Pour the country: a stunning woman. Li Yannian sang a song to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: "There are beautiful women in the north, who are peerless and independent. Take care of the city and then the country. I would rather not know the country and the whole city, and it is hard to get a beautiful woman again. " Later, "falling in love with the country" became synonymous with beauty.
Yu Yu: If you control the space, you will rule the world. Han Jiayi's "On the Qin Dynasty": "Make full use of the long-term strategy to conquer the interior"
Yang's family has a daughter: Yang Xuanyan, the head of Shuzhou, and Yang Yuhuan, who was raised by her uncle Hsuan Yang Jue since childhood. At the age of seventeen (in the 23rd year of Kaiyuan), she was conferred the title of princess of Li Mao, the son of Xuanzong. At the age of twenty-seven, he was conferred the title of imperial concubine by Xuanzong. Bai Juyi called it "bred in an inner chamber, with no one knowing her", which the author deliberately avoided for the emperor.
Beauty: beautiful posture.
Liugong Daidai: refers to all concubines in the palace.
Make-up: Make-up is a cosmetic product for women. Powder is used to wipe the face, while make-up is used to stroke the eyebrows. This generation refers to women in the sixth house. No color: it means that by contrast, everyone has lost their beautiful appearance.
Huaqingchi: Huaqingchi Hot Spring is located at the foot of Lishan Mountain in the south of Lintong District, Xi 'an. Tangquan Palace was built in the 18th year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (644), renamed Wenquan Palace in the 2nd year of Xianheng (67 1), and renamed Huaqing Palace after being expanded in the 6th year of Tianbao (747). Emperor Xuanzong of Tang lived here every winter and spring.
Coagulating fat: describes the skin as white, tender and moist, just like solidified fat. "The Book of Songs Wei Feng Shuo Ren" says that "the skin is like coagulated fat".
Waiter: maid-in-waiting.
Xincheng Enze: Just got the favor of the emperor.
Yunbian: Mulan Poetry: "When the window is decorated with Yunbian, the mirror is painted yellow". Describe women's temples as beautiful as clouds. Jinbuyao: a kind of gold jewelry, which is coiled in the shape of a flower with gold and silver wires, decorated with hanging beads and the like, inserted in the hair temples, and swaying when walking.
Lotus curtain: A curtain embroidered with lotus flowers. Describe the delicacy of the account. Xiao Gang's "Thirteen Rhymes of Xie Huilian Style": Jade curtain with beads and hibiscus curtain.
Spring night: Wedding night.
Jiali 3,000: The History of the Empress in the Later Han Dynasty: Since Wu Yuan, the world has increased the cost of prostitution, and even abandoned the court for 3,000. There are many women in the harem.
Golden House: The Story of Hanwu records that when Emperor Wu was young, his aunt held him in her lap and asked him if he wanted her daughter Gillian to be his wife. He smiled and replied, "If you get Gillian, you should store it in a golden house."
Land-laying: subletting land.
Pity: lovely and enviable.
Li Palace: Li Mountain Huaqing Palace. Mount Li is in Lintong, Shaanxi Province today.
Condensed silk bamboo: refers to the soothing melody accompanied by stringed instruments and wind instruments.
Yuyang: the county name, which governs Pinggu County in Beijing and Jixian County in Tianjin, was then under the jurisdiction of An Lushan, the provincial capital of Pinglu, Fanyang and Hedong. In the winter of the 14th year of Tianbao (755), An Lushan rebelled in Fanyang. A small drum used by cavalry in ancient times, which refers to war.
Ni (ní) clothes song: the name of the dance music, which is said to have been presented by Yang Jingshu, the envoy of the West Cool Festival in the Kaiyuan period of Tang Dynasty. After being polished and lyrics were made by Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, this song was changed to this one.
First name. The music deliberately expresses the illusory fairyland and fairy image.
Jiuchongcheng Que: the capital of Jiuchongmen, which refers to Chang 'an.
Smoke dust: refers to the occurrence of war. Que, which means the buildings on both sides in front of the ancient palace, generally refers to the palace or the residence of the emperor. Nine Debates on the Songs of the South: The door to the monarch is nine-fold.
Ride: one person and one horse ride.
Cuihua: a flag decorated with kingfisher feathers, used by the emperor's honor guard. Sima Xiangru's "Shang Lin Fu": Build the flag of Cui Hua and the drum of Shu Ling.
More than a hundred miles: it refers to Mawei slope, which is more than a hundred miles away from Chang 'an.
Sixth Army: refers to the army of the Emperor.
Wan zhuan: describes the sad and lingering appearance of a beautiful woman before she dies.
Moth eyebrow: the name of ancient beauty, which refers to Yang Guifei.
Flower-shaped jewelry made of golden jade jewelry.
Entrusted land: discarded on the ground.
Cuiqiao: Jewelry, shaped like a jade bird's tail.
Goldfinch: Goldfinch hairpin is shaped like a phoenix (called Suzaku in ancient times).
Jade scratch head: Hosta. "Miscellanies of Xijing" Volume II: When Emperor Wu crossed Li Furen, he scratched his head with a jade hairpin. Since then, people in the harem have scratched their heads with jade.
Cloud stack: a plank road high into the sky.
Yíngyū: It is entangled and coiled.
Jiange: Also known as Jianmenguan, in the north of Jiange County in Sichuan today, it is the key point for Qin to enter Shu.
Tao. Here the mountains are like swords, where the cliffs break, and the two mountains face each other like doors. When Zhuge Liang was in Shu, he chiseled stones and drove the volley plank road to pass.
Mount Emei: In today's Emei Mountain, Sichuan. On his way to Shu, Xuanzong did not pass Mount Emei, which generally refers to the high mountains in Shu.
Palace: the emperor's temporary residence when he was away from Beijing.
Everything turns around: refers to the improvement of the situation. In 757, the Guo Ziyi army recovered Chang 'an.
Huilongyu: the emperor's car came back.
Believe in the horse: it means to whip the horse unintentionally and let the horse move forward.
Taiye: There is Taiye Pool in the Han Palace.
Weiyang: There is Weiyang Palace in Han Dynasty. This refers to the Tang Chang 'an Palace.
Xigong Nanyuan: The palace is called ouchi. West Palace is Tai Chi Palace in the west and Xingqing Palace in the south. After Xuanzong returned to Beijing, he first lived in Nannei. In the first year of Shangyuan (760), Li Fuguo, the right official, coerced Xuanzong to move to the west under the guise of Su Zong, and exiled Xuanzong's cronies, such as Gao Lishi and Chen Xuanli.
Liyuan disciple: refers to the musicians and dancers trained by Xuanzong in that year.
Liyuan: According to Records of Rites and Music in the New Tang Dynasty, the institution that taught music in the palace of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty once selected 300 people to coach singing and dancing, and they were always called "disciples of the Emperor's Liyuan".
Pepper house: the residence of empresses, because it is plastered with pepper and mud, so it is called.
A supervisor: a female attendant in the palace. Qing 'e: Young maid-in-waiting. According to "Records of Hundred Officials in the New Tang Dynasty", there are a supervisor and a deputy supervisor in Neiguan Palace, depending on seven items.
Pick out the lonely lamp: in ancient times, oil lamps were used for lighting. In order to make the lamp bright, after a while, we should pick up the lamp grass soaked in oil. Pick it up, indicating that the night is deep. According to the press, the Tang Dynasty Palace burned candles at night instead of lighting oil lamps, which aims to describe the bitterness of Xuanzong's living environment in his later years.
Delayed: slow. The original timing of the starting and ending of the bell and drum sounds is used here to describe Xuanzong's mood when he was sleepless at night.
Sorrow: the appearance of twilight. Want to dawn: when the night will dawn.
Yuanyang tile: Tiles pitched together on the roof. The house tiles are combined with each other, which is called yin-yang tile, also known as Yuanyang tile. Frost flower: Frost flower.
Emerald blanket: quilt embroidered with jade birds on the cloth. Who is with * * *: with whom * * *.
Linqiong: Qionglai County, Sichuan Province today.
Hongdu: the palace gate of Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty
Name, here refers to Chang 'an. "The History of the Emperors in the Later Han Dynasty": In February of the first year of Guanghe, he began to set up a bachelor's degree in Hongdumen.
To the soul: attract the dead soul of Yang Guifei.
Alchemist: A man with magic. Here refers to the Taoist priest. Diligence: Try your best.
Creative background:
In the first year of Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong (AD 806), Bai Juyi was appointed as the county commandant (now zhouzhi county, Xi 'an). One day, I visited Xianyou Temple near Mayiyi with my friends Chen Hong and Wang Zhifu, and talked about Li Longji and Yang Guifei. Wang Zhifu believes that outstanding things like this will disappear with the passage of time if they are not polished. He encouraged Bai Juyi: "Lotte is deeper than poetry, and more than love. How about trying to be a song?" So Bai Juyi wrote this long poem. Because the last two sentences of the long poem are "earth endures, heaven endures; some time both shall end, while this unending sorrow goes on and on for ever", they call this poem "Song of Eternal Sorrow". At the same time, Chen Hong wrote a legendary novel "The Song of Eternal Sorrow".
Appreciation:
Song of Eternal Sorrow is a well-known masterpiece among Bai Juyi's poems. It was written in the first year of Yuanhe (806), when the poet was serving as a county captain in Yi County (now Zhouzhi, Shaanxi Province). He visited Xianyou Temple with his friends Chen Hong and Wang Zhifu, and created this poem because of the stories of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei. In this long narrative poem, the author narrates the love tragedy of Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei in the Anshi Rebellion with refined language, beautiful image, narrative and lyricism: their love was ruined by their own rebellion and they are eating the bitter fruit of this spirit endlessly. Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei are both figures in history. Poets don't stick to history, but rely on a little shadow of history. According to people's legends at that time, the singing of the neighborhood has degenerated into a tortuous and moving story, which is described and sung by the art form of reciprocating and touching. Because the stories and characters in the poems are artistic, and they are the complex and true reappearance of people in reality, they can ripple in the hearts of readers in past dynasties.
Song of everlasting regret is the song "everlasting regret", which is the theme of the poem, the focus of the story and a touching seed buried in the poem. As for what you hate, why do you hate it for a long time? The poet does not directly tell and express it, but shows it to readers layer by layer through the poetic stories he writes, so that people can guess, remember and feel for themselves. The first sentence: "china's Emperor, craving beauty that might shake an empire" in the opening book of the poem seems very common, as if the story should have been written from here without the author's attention. In fact, these seven words are extremely rich and are the whole program, which not only reveals the tragic factors of the story, but also evokes and directs the whole poem. Then, in extremely frugal language, the poet described how Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty emphasized color and sought color before the Anshi Rebellion, and finally got Yang Guifei, who was "if she but turned her head and smiled, there were cast a hundred spells and and the powder and paint of the Six Palaces faded into nothing". It describes Yang Guifei's beauty and charm. After entering the palace, she was favored by color. Not only did she "inherit her kindness", but also "all her sisters and brothers were listed in the soil". Repeatedly rendering how to indulge in sensuality, how to have fun, and how to indulge in singing, dancing, drinking and wine all day long in the palace after Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty won the imperial concubine. All this led to the Anshi Rebellion: "till war-drums, booming from Yuyang, shocked the whole earth, and broke the tunes of The Rainbow Skirt and the Feathered Coat". This part describes the internal cause of "long hatred", which is the basis of the tragic story. Through the realism of this period of palace life, the poet introduced the hero and heroine of the story to us ironically: an emperor who values the country over the country, and a charming and pampering concubine. It also vividly implies that the misunderstanding of Tang Xuanzong is the root of this tragedy.
Below, the poet specifically described the scene that the emperor's military forces fled to the southwest after the Anshi Rebellion, especially the destruction of the love between Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei in this turmoil. "the men of the army stopped, not one of them would stir, till under their horses' hoofs they might trample those moth-eyebrows. Flowery hairpins fell to the ground, no one picked them up, and a green and white jade hair-tassel and a yellowgold hair-bird. The Emperor could not save her, he could only cover his face, and later when he turned to look, the place of blood and tears ",written is their scene in where will you go, Maweipo. The "six armies refused to send" and demanded the execution of Yang Guifei, which was angry at Tang Xuanzong's infatuation with women and brought disaster to the country and the people. Yang Guifei's death is a key plot in the whole story. After that, their love became a tragedy. Then, from "was hidden in a yellow dust blown by a cold wind" to "and yet no beloved spirit ever visited his dreams", the poet seized the "hate" in the spiritual world of the characters, and used a sour and touching tone to describe and describe the loneliness and sadness of Tang Xuanzong in Shu after Yang Guifei's death, and also reminisced about the past on the way. The lingering lovesickness makes people feel heartbroken. It is precisely because of the poet's rendering of the characters' feelings to such an extent that the arrival of Taoist priests and the appearance of fairyland behind them give people a sense of reality and do not think that they are purely castles in the air.
From "at Lingqiong lived a Taoist priest who was a guest of heaven" to the end of the poem, the Taoist writer helped Xuanzong find Yang Guifei. The poet used a romantic technique, and suddenly he went to heaven and then went to earth, "above, he searched the Green Void, below, the Yellow Spring, but he failed, in either place, to find the one he looked for". Later, Yang Guifei was found on the ethereal fairy mountain at sea, and she was allowed to reappear in the fairyland with the image of "and the tear-drops drifting down her sad white face and were like a rain in spring on the blossom of the pear", warmly welcoming the envoys of the Han family, expressing affection, sending words by token, reaffirming the previous oath, taking care of Tang Xuanzong's thoughts about her, and further deepening and rendering the theme of "long hatred". At the end of the poem, use "earth endures, heaven endures; some time both shall end, while this unending sorrow goes on and on for ever" to close the pen, point out the theme, respond to the beginning, and achieve "voiceless", giving readers room for association and aftertaste.
The Song of Eternal Sorrow first gives us the enjoyment of artistic beauty, which is the moving story in the poem and the exquisite and unique artistic conception of the poem. The center of the whole article is the song "long hate", but the poet starts with "heavy color" and tries his best to write and render it. "Rise at sunrise", "don't go to court early", "stay up all night" and "don't see enough", etc., seem to be extremely happy, like a comedy. However, the extreme joy is just a contrast to the endless hatred behind. Tang Xuanzong's dissolute and wrong country led to political tragedy, which in turn led to the love tragedy between him and Yang Guifei. The maker of the tragedy finally becomes the hero of the tragedy, which is the special and tortuous part of the story, and also the reason why the hero and heroine in the poem want to "hate" for a long time. In the past, many people said that "Song of Eternal Sorrow" had an allegorical meaning, and this is the allegorical meaning of this poem. Then, how does the poet express "long hatred"? After the death of Yang Guifei in Ma Jipo, the poet described it with great delicacy, which showed the inner contradictions and painful feelings of Tang Xuanzong, who could not bear to give up his love but wanted to save it. Because of the death of this "blood and tears", there will be endless hatred. Later, the poet used a lot of pen and ink to repeatedly render Tang Xuanzong's yearning for Yang Guifei from all aspects, but the story of the poem did not stop at an emotional point, but with the layers of the inner world of the character, he sensed the constant changes of his scenery, pushed the time and story forward, and used the thoughts and feelings of the character to develop and promote the development of the plot. After his death, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty went to Shu, and his heart was very sad. Still on the road, the old place revisited, and it evoked sad memories; After returning to the palace, I experienced physical injuries during the day and trouble sleeping at night. I miss it day and night, so I hope for a dream, but it is "with the distance between life and death year after year, and yet no beloved spirit ever visited his dreams". At this point in the poem, the "hate" of "long hate" has been written very touching, and it seems that the end of the story is ok. However, the poet's pen was bent, and with the help of the colorful wings of imagination, he conceived a charming fairyland, which pushed the plot of the tragic story to a climax and made the story more tortuous, ups and downs and waves. This turning point is both unexpected and reasonable. Due to the constant contradiction and collision between subjective desire and objective reality, poetry vividly shows the psychology of the characters, and the story is even more moving.
The Song of Eternal Sorrow is a narrative poem with strong lyrical elements. The poet adopts the expressive techniques that China's traditional poems are good at in telling stories and portraying characters, and harmoniously combines narrative, scenery description and lyricism, thus forming the characteristic that the lyric of the poem goes back and forth. The poet sometimes injects the thoughts and feelings of the characters into the scenery, and uses the refraction of the scenery to contrast the mood of the characters; Sometimes we grasp the characteristic scenery and things around the characters, express their inner feelings through their feelings, and render them layer by layer, appropriately expressing the difficult feelings hidden in the hearts of the characters. On the way to the southwest, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty was surrounded by yellow dust, plank roads and high mountains. The sun was dim, the standard was dull, and autumn scenery was desolate. This is based on the sad autumn scenery to set off the sad thoughts of the characters. In Shu, facing the green mountains and green waters, we still can't forget ourselves. Shui Yuan, the mountain and water in Shu, is beautiful, but in the eyes of lonely and sad Tang Xuanzong, the "green" of the mountain and the "green" of the water are also sad. The beauty of nature should be enjoyed in a quiet state of mind, but he doesn't, so it increases the inner pain. This is to write sad feelings through beautiful scenery, which makes the feelings go deeper. The moonlight in the palace and the ringing of the bell in the rainy night are already very exciting. The poet grasps these unusual but characteristic things and brings people into the realm of sadness and heartbroken. Plus, when they see and smell, they are intertwined with each other, which also shows the sadness and sadness of the characters in language and tone. This is another layer. Still on the road, "everything is spinning", which was originally a happy thing, but the old place was over, and Yu Yan disappeared, and I couldn't help but cry. In the narrative, another layer of painful memories is added. After returning to Chang 'an, "the pools, the gardens, the palace, all were just as before, the Lake Taiye hibiscus, the Weiyang Palace willows. But a petal was like her face and a willow-leaf her eyebrow, and what could he do but cry whenever he looked at them? ". During the day, triggered by the environment and scenery, people are associated with the scenery, but the scenery remains the same, but people are gone. I can't help but burst into tears. From the hibiscus flowers in Taiye Pool and the weeping willows in Weiyang Palace, I seem to see Yang Guifei's appearance, showing the extremely complicated and subtle inner activities of the characters. "over the throne flew fire-flies, while he brooded in the twilight., he would lengthen the lamp-wick to its end and still could never sleep.. Bell and drum would slowly toll the dragging nighthours, and the River of Stars grow sharp in the sky, just before dawn ". From dusk to dawn, it focuses on the scene of being haunted by emotions for a long time at night and unable to sleep. This bitter yearning is the same with "peach-trees and plum-trees blossomed, in the winds of spring" and "lakka-foliage fell to the ground, after autumn rains". It was sad to see that the "disciples of Liyuan" and "A Jian Qing E" in those days were all white-haired and faded, which even aroused the thoughts of the past pleasures. From yellowish dust's rambling to Shushan's green, from the palace's rainy night to the triumphant return, from day to night, from spring to autumn, we are touched by things everywhere, always thinking about people, and repeatedly rendering the protagonist's hard pursuit and search from all aspects. If you can't find it in real life, look for it in your dreams. If you can't find it in your dreams, look for it in fairyland. Such ups and downs, layers of rendering, make the characters' feelings whirl up and reach a climax. It is through such layers of rendering that the poet repeatedly expresses his feelings and goes back and forth, so that the thoughts and feelings of the characters are more profound and rich, and the poetry is "delicate in texture" and more artistic in appeal.
People have always argued about the theme of Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow, including the so-called love theory, the political theme theory, the dual theme theory and so on. The author of this article holds the theory of love. First of all, from the analysis of four levels of the work, it is affirmed that Bai Juyi does not describe Li Yang's story with a moralistic face like Chen Hong's "The Legend of Eternal Sorrow", but takes "emotion" as the main theme, so that the hero's emotion can move the readers, making it produce a * * * sound and achieve great aesthetic success. Combining the author's life experience and social history, this paper also analyzes his uniqueness in dealing with the relationship between historical themes, political themes, human themes and psychological themes from the people, and further explains the aesthetic significance of the image of Yang Guifei in the Tang Dynasty.
As a narrative poem that never dies, Song of Eternal Sorrow has a high artistic achievement. Throughout the ages, many people have affirmed the special artistic charm of this poem. What infects and tempts readers with the art of Song of Eternal Sorrow? Moving and touching, I am afraid it is its greatest artistic personality, and it is also the power that it can attract readers for thousands of years, making them infected and tempted.
About the author:
Bai Juyi (772-846), born in Xinzheng, Henan Province, was born in Letian, Xiangshan Jushi and Zuiyin, whose ancestral home was Taiyuan. He was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty and one of the three great poets in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen * * * advocated the new Yuefu movement, which was called "Yuan Bai" in the world and "Liu Bai" with Liu Yuxi. Bai Juyi's poems have a wide range of themes, various forms and simple and popular language, and are known as "Poet Magic" and "Poet King". Official to Hanlin bachelor, Zuo Zanshan doctor. In 846 AD, Bai Juyi died in Luoyang and was buried in Xiangshan. There is a collection of Bai's Changqing handed down from generation to generation, and the representative poems are Song of Eternal Sorrow, Charcoal Man, Pipa Trip and so on.