1 and Wang Xizhi (303-361) were born in Linyi (now Linyi, Shandong) and later moved to Shanyin (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). Officials to the right army generals, civil history, so the world called Wang Youjun, Wang Huiji. Wang Xizhi learned from Zhong You in regular script, Zhang Zhi in cursive script, Li Si and Cai Yong, and learned from others. His calligraphy is known as "the dragon jumps into heaven, the tiger lies in phoenix", which gives people a sense of quiet beauty, just in contrast with Zhong You's book.
His calligraphy is dignified, easy to turn into music, and annoying with his pen, which completely breaks through the brushwork of official script and creates a beautiful and convenient style of modern calligraphy, and is respected as a "book saint" by future generations.
The original works of Wang Xizhi are rare, and all we see are copies. Wang Xizhi's style of writing in kai, xing, Cao, Fei Bai, etc., such as the regular script Le Yi Lun, Huang Ting Jing, the cursive script Seventeen posts, the running script Aunt's post, Fast Snow Clear Post, Funeral Post, etc. The preface to Lanting, a running script of his book, is the most representative.
2. Sima Qian, a historian and essayist of the Western Han Dynasty. Sima Tan's son, Ren Taishiling, was imprisoned for defending Li Ling's defeat and surrender, and later served as the secretariat. He worked hard to finish his historical records, and was called Shi Qian, Tai Shi Gong and the father of history by the later Buddha.
In 9 1 year BC (the second year of Zhenghe), the book Historical Records was completed. The book 130, with more than 526,500 words, including twelve biographies, thirty families, seventy biographies, ten tables and eight books, has a great influence on later generations. It is called "a true record, a faithful history", praised by Mr. Lu Xun as "the swan song of historians, a poem without rhyme", and ranked as the first of the previous "four histories", which is the same as "Four History"
Sima Qian used Lao Zi's mouth to express his thoughts on governance that he had reformed and developed. It retains the core of Taoism and nature, and consciously eliminates the thought of "small country and few people" in primitive society and "making people" in slave society, which embodies the thought of "moving with the times" which has won the essence of Taoism. Its core is heaven and nature, and its essence is the people's desire.
3. Du Fu, with beautiful words, was a great realistic poet in Tang Dynasty, and was called "Li Du" together with Li Bai. In Du Fu's middle age, his poems were called "the history of poetry" because of his depressed poetic style and his concern for the country and the people. His poems are good at ancient style and rhythmic poetry, and have diverse styles. He accurately summarizes his own work style with the word "depressed and frustrated", and mainly focuses on depression.
Du Fu lived in the historical period when the Tang Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline. His poems mostly involved social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings. His poems reflected the social contradictions and people's sufferings at that time. His poems recorded the historical changes of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and expressed the lofty Confucian spirit of benevolence and strong sense of hardship, so they were called "the history of poetry".
Du Fu was concerned about the country and people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills. Du Fu wrote more than 1,500 poems in his life, many of which are famous works that have been praised through the ages, such as "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells". Among them, the "Three Officials" are Shihao Officials, Xin 'an Officials and Tongguan Officials, and the "Three Farewells" are Newly Married, Homeless and Farewell to the Old.
The poems handed down by Du Fu are the most extensive in the Tang Dynasty and one of the most outstanding poets in the Tang Dynasty, which have a far-reaching influence on later generations. Du Fu's works are called scars in the world and sages in poetry. The people are suffering, and the bottom of the pen is turbulent. It is a masterpiece of realistic poetry.
4. Lu Yu, named Jinglingzi, Sangzhuweng and Donggangzi, also named "Chashan Imperial History". He was a famous tea scientist in the Tang Dynasty, known as "tea fairy", "Cha Sheng" and "Tea God".
The Tea Classic written by Lu Yu has three volumes, ten chapters and more than 7,000 words, which are: Volume 1, the source of one, the tools of two, and the creation of three; Volumes 2 and 4; Volume three, five cooking, six drinking, seven things, eight out, nine slightly, ten pictures. It is a systematic summary of scientific knowledge and practical experience about tea before and after the Tang Dynasty.
It is the crystallization of Lu Yu's practice, perseverance, first-hand information on tea production and production, and extensive collection of books and experiences of tea collectors. As soon as the Book of Tea came out, it became popular all over the world, and it was learned and treasured by people of the time.
In the Book of Tea, Lu Yu described the distribution of tea areas, the growth, planting, picking, manufacturing and tasting of tea, and many famous teas were first discovered by him. For example, Guzhu purple bamboo shoot tea in Zhejiang Great Wall (now Changxing County) was rated as top grade by Lu Yu and then listed as tribute tea; Yangxian tea in Yixing County (now Yixing, Jiangsu Province) was directly recommended to tribute by Lu Yu.
5. Li Shizhen, a famous medical scientist in Ming Dynasty. Later, he was sentenced by the Imperial Palace of Chu and the Royal Imperial Hospital. After his death, the Ming court named him "Wen Linlang". Li Shizhen was clinical, admired Zhang Yuansu, re-distinguished diseases and syndromes, made strict legislation and used drugs properly. In treatment, it is more effective to modify the ancient prescriptions, or to make new ones, or to use folk single prescriptions.
Li Shizhen's academic thoughts and research methods are very distinctive. Under the new historical conditions, based on his own practical experience, he improved the ancient scientific methods and accumulated new experiences in scientific research. Li Shizhen successfully used the methods of observation and experiment, comparison and classification, analysis and synthesis, critical inheritance and historical textual research.
6. Wu Daozi, also known as Dao Xuan, was a famous painter in the Tang Dynasty, and his painting history was regarded as a saint. The reason why Wu Daozi has made such outstanding achievements in painting art is that he can innovate.
He is good at absorbing the essence from complex object forms, and generalizes concave and convex surfaces and yin and yang surfaces into irreducible "lines". Combining with the internal movement of the object, he forms the organizational rules of lines, such as the height, side, depth, oblique, rolling, folding, floating and lifting postures of clothing lines, and describes the character of the object completely based on the organization of lines.
The requirements of this line are strict, each line meets the requirements of vivid modeling, and each line is full of rhythmic beauty, which is a creative line that combines the achievements of the previous generation. Wu Daozi's painting style has been imitated and used for reference by many painters since the Tang Dynasty and the Song and Yuan Dynasties.
Li Gonglin, a painter in the Song Dynasty, developed his simple and elegant "line drawing" from Wu Daozi's "it's better not to pretend to be back, but only to follow the ink trail", and line drawing has become a new style in Chinese painting.
Baidu encyclopedia-Wang Xizhi
Baidu Encyclopedia-Sima Qian
Baidu Encyclopedia-Du Fu
Baidu Encyclopedia-Lu Yu
Baidu Encyclopedia-Li Shizhen
Baidu Encyclopedia-Wu Daozi