First of all, under the popular science, northeast rice is not a hybrid rice. At present, there are two kinds of rice in China, northeast rice and Vietnamese fragrant rice, but we can't eat hybrid rice at ordinary times because the taste is not very good. At present, the domestic planting area is less than 9%. This is because in the current form, food and clothing is not a problem, so we choose varieties with better taste, but the yield is not as high as super rice. The largest planting area of super rice was in the last century, reaching 40% of the planting area, because the level at that time was not about taste, but about eating. China is a country with a large population. No matter what needs to be done, the first consideration must be that more than one billion people are full, and super rice is the anchor. Otherwise, in the current international situation, China's population base, if foreign countries embargoed and prices rose, the domestic market would collapse. With super rice, all-round sowing will be emboldened. It only takes a few months to mature, and the country's grain reserves and market grain are enough to support it. Therefore, it is not an exaggeration to say that Yuan Lao gave the country an anchor. At present, although super rice has not been sown in China, it has been sown on a large scale in Africa. This is also the reason why Yuan Lao's international reputation is high and the World Food Program speaks highly of him, because someone once said. If Yuan Lao doesn't give up this patent, he may already be the richest man in China and even the world, instead of an old man who drives tens of thousands of cars and wears dozens of clothes. The more you know, the more you understand what he means to this populous country!
More than 95% of the rice you eat is hybrid rice, but it is not the "super rice" developed by Mr. Yuan Longping. As far as I know, Yuan Lao's super rice has not been commercialized, because it tastes bad and can't be sold. The seeds sold by Longping Hi-Tech are also some seeds with high economy. Super rice should be more of a strategic reserve to prevent war or mass famine.
Northeast rice is not a hybrid rice. It tastes good and has a strong fragrance. The rice in my hometown Jilin is delicious. Daohuaxiang rice produced by Dongfu Rice Industry, located at 43 degrees north latitude, enjoys a good reputation both inside and outside the province and has become a business card of Jilin agriculture.
I remember when I went to Beijing in the early 1980 s, the food I ate was terrible and hard to swallow. We call it linear rice. Now this kind of rice is gone, and the varieties of rice are constantly improving and progressing. According to friends, the local rice in the south is also very good and tastes good. In my impression, the rice in the south is far less than that in the northeast, and the difference between the three-season rice in the south and the one-season rice in the northeast is too big, which determines the quality of crops. Just like seafood. The aquatic products in Bohai Sea are better than those in South China Sea. I still like to eat the regular rice in my hometown, and I can't get tired of it. But I'd like to try some southern hybrid rice sometime.
The golden rice producing area recognized by FAO is 40-45 north latitude, which means Mengdong+Northeast+Japanese rice.
Not hybrid rice.
It is the only authoritative high-quality rice with the highest price. Take Japanese rice, which set a record in China, for example. Later, it was found that it was imported from Mengdong and resold in China.
For example, Zhou Jie, a star, grows rice in Heilongjiang, and his high-quality rice is sold to rich people all over the world at 130 yuan.
We thank Yuan Longping, the pillar of the country, who has made great contributions to increasing grain production, solving food and clothing problems and solving people's stomach problems.
The level of rice produced by hybrid rice is average, but the quality is really not high.
There is only one kind of rice, not hybrid rice. This is what scientists call wild native rice. Because of the size of the earth, there are dozens of wild native rice varieties in the world. The rice we eat now is made of more than two kinds of wild native rice, which have been crossed for hundreds of years and propagated for generations. Because the yield of wild native rice is too low, the yield per mu is only a few hundred kilograms. The hybrid rice we are talking about today is a rice variety with high yield and good taste, which combines some excellent genes of rice with modern scientific and technological means. As for indica rice and stalk rice, they usually refer to early rice and late rice in the south. Frost will taste better when late rice is ripe. It doesn't matter whether it is hybrid rice or not. Northeast rice is delicious, mainly because of the long growth period of single-season rice.
No. Japonica rice and conventional rice are planted in northeast China.
According to quality, it is divided into japonica rice and indica rice. Japonica rice has short and thick grains, high amylopectin content and good taste. Indica rice is generally slender and has a bad taste.
Breeding technology can be divided into hybrid rice and conventional rice. Hybrid rice refers to the variety cultivated by heterosis, which can't be inherited stably and needs to buy new seeds every year. Seed enterprises hold male parents and female parents, and the offspring after hybridization are commercial seeds. There are two-line method and three-line method, and the seed production process is more complicated. Conventional rice is also cultivated by continuous hybridization of original rice seeds, but farmers can keep these seeds for reuse without using heterosis. Therefore, seed companies are not interested in conventional varieties, and various new technologies such as molecular breeding and transgenic are also combined with hybrids.
Yuan Lao's contribution lies in discovering the "wild failure" of natural male sterility, and developing hybrid rice on this basis, which improves the efficiency of hybrid breeding and makes it possible to commercialize it. In the absence of natural sterile lines, it is very difficult to induce sterility with drugs or artificially remove stamens. Yuan Lao distributed wild abortion resources to many research institutions to study and cultivate new varieties together. The genes of wild abortive lines have penetrated into many rice varieties. Others are Honglian and Huahui.
No nearly 100% in the north is conventional japonica rice, and Hubei, Anhui and Jiangsu are also dominated by conventional japonica rice. However, the yield of japonica rice does not increase after hybridization, so there is almost no hybrid japonica rice, only a little bad taste.
Attention is the breakthrough of seeds, not the rice itself. Everything we eat, strictly speaking, is hybrid, because hybridization is the best scheme of natural optimization. Mr. Yuan Lao's contribution is mainly the breakthrough of yield per mu, which mainly solves the problems of less cultivated land and high yield. To put it bluntly, it is to solve the problem that people do not have enough to eat. The taste of super rice is really not satisfactory, but the famine is more serious. We are all a hungry generation, and it is shameful to waste food. Otherwise, we have to rely on transgenic technology.
Certainly not hybrid rice. China people usually eat three kinds of rice: glutinous rice, japonica rice and indica rice. First of all, glutinous rice, a very traditional rice variety, is familiar to everyone. It is a kind of rice with strong viscosity, very good taste and the highest amylopectin content. It is often used to make high-grade special rice products, such as high-grade cakes and jiaozi. However, the yield per mu of glutinous rice is relatively low, which requires high natural conditions and has low economic benefits, so it is not suitable for large-scale planting. The second type is japonica rice, which is mainly planted in northern China, including northern Jiangsu, Shandong, Tianjin and northeastern provinces. The main producing areas are three northeastern provinces, and the famous varieties are Wuchang rice and Panjin rice. Japonica rice is characterized by a long growth cycle, usually one year, a large temperature difference between day and night, and a high amylopectin content. It is sticky, sweet and mellow after cooking. Japonica rice is the most popular truth in northern and even some southern regions at present, because it is really delicious. Finally, indica rice, which is mainly planted in southern China, is characterized by a short growth cycle, two to three or even four crops a year, and a small temperature difference between day and night in the growing environment, resulting in a relatively high proportion of amylose and a relatively low proportion of amylopectin, which is hard after cooking and has an average taste. Hybrid rice is based on indica rice, cultivating male sterile plants, and finally forming hybrid rice through repeated experiments. Hybrid rice is characterized by fast growth cycle and high yield per mu, but its disadvantage is that the amylopectin content is lower than that of traditional indica rice and its taste is hard. Some varieties even taste like chewing wax, are generally resistant to diseases and need fertile soil and water. In addition, because it is the offspring cultivated by male sterile plants, it is impossible to keep seeds. Growers can only spend tens of dollars a catty to buy rice seeds from seed companies, and the planting cost is relatively high. At present, hybrid rice is mainly used for raw materials, strategic storage and export of rice products, and the proportion of direct consumption is low.