The first step is to select the variety of lotus root, that is, the variety with buds on its head. The second step is to plant the varieties of lotus roots obliquely in the pond, and then ensure that there is water in the pond regularly. China Organic Agriculture Network
First, the sowing time. Climatically speaking, before and after first frost, the temperature should be stabilized at 65438 05℃, and the 5 cm ground temperature should be stabilized at 65438 02℃.
Second, variety selection. Select varieties with disease resistance, high quality and high yield, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability and good commodity. The seed lotus root should be more than two complete lotus branches, the lotus body is thick and tidy without damage, and the lotus is complete and robust. Plant 300-350 kilograms of lotus root per mu.
Third, planting density. Early-maturing varieties can be slightly dense, and middle-late maturing varieties should be thin; When the lotus root is big, the buds should be sparse, and vice versa. Generally, the row spacing is about 200 cm, and the hole spacing is 70- 100 cm. 300-500 holes per mu. Generally, there are 2 plants per hole, and 3 plants can be planted as seedlings. Lotus root has large seeds and many buds, which can be used as 15 cm deep.
Fourthly, the management of pool lotus root.
1, water layer management: master "shallow-deep-shallow" in principle. After planting, in order to raise the ground temperature during the day, shallow water of 3-5 cm should be reserved, but in case of cold current and low temperature at night, deep water of about 10 cm should be poured to keep the ground temperature. Water is usually added twice a season. When the water level is high in heavy rain, the water level can be adjusted through the drainage hole. When the temperature is high, the water layer can be deepened to 15-20 cm to prevent high temperature injury. After beginning of autumn, during the lotus root period, especially in the early lotus root period, the water level should be kept at about 5 cm, so as to "control the upper part and lift the lower part" and raise the ground temperature.
2. Topdressing: (1) Seedling fertilizer: After dew on the leaves, apply urea 12kg per mu. (2) Lotus root fertilizer: the third vertical leaf is applied after it is exposed to the water, with urea 12 kg and potassium sulfate12 kg per mu; Before the summer heat, when the leaves turn Huang Shi or the lotus leaves are not bright, urea12kg and potassium sulfate12kg should be applied per mu, but no fertilizer can be applied after the summer heat.
3. Turn your head: Turning your head is called a full whip. From the end of June to the end of July, adjust the lotus root whip once every 7 days, about 4 times. It should be adjusted if the new leaves of lotus root plants are less than 60 cm away from the ridge in the first two times. For the last two times, it should be adjusted when the new leaves of lotus root plants are less than 40 cm away from the ridge. The adjustment time should be chosen from 9: 00 a.m. to the afternoon when there is sunshine on a sunny day.
4. Picking old leaves and cutting pedicels: When the vertical leaves are covered, the floating leaves will wither gradually, so they should be removed in time to make the water in the field receive sunlight as much as possible and improve the ground temperature and ventilation conditions. Some standing leaves should also be removed when they turn yellow or wither due to pests or other reasons. Lotus is for picking lotus roots. If there are buds, the pedicel should be bent to avoid consuming nutrients. After the production of lotus root, the petiole of lotus leaf on the ground was cut off by irrigation about 15 days before harvest, which made the underground part stop breathing and improved the commercial value of lotus root.
Fertilization technology of lotus root
The application amount of base fertilizer in lotus root field should be determined according to the fat and thin soil. Usually, 65,438+0,500-2,500 kilograms of human and animal manure or 3,000-3,500 kilograms of green manure are applied per mu. More fertilization can reduce the red rust spots attached to lotus roots and improve their characters. Deep-water lotus root fields are prone to phosphorus deficiency. In addition to applying sufficient organic fertilizer, 30-40 kg of calcium superphosphate should be applied as base fertilizer.
The growth period of lotus root is long, and topdressing is usually 2-3 times. The first time was when vertical leaves began to appear. After intertillage weeding, 750- 1000 kg of human manure and urine fertilizer were applied per mu. The second topdressing was carried out when 5-6 leaves were set up, and the application of human manure and urine fertilizer was about 1000 kg per mu. The third topdressing is carried out at the end of leaf emergence, when the lotus root begins to bear fruit, which is called topdressing. Apply human excrement and urine fertilizer 1500 kg per mu, and cake fertilizer 30-50 kg. Fertilization should be done in sunny, windless and airless places, avoiding the scorching sun at noon. Release water before each fertilization, let the fertilizer be sucked into the water, and then irrigate it to the original depth. In deep water lotus root field, fertilizer is easy to be lost, so liquid fertilizer cannot be applied directly, but solid fertilizer should be applied. That is, re-apply manure or green manure and bury it in the mud. When applying chemical fertilizer for topdressing, the chemical fertilizer and river mud are fully mixed to make fat mud balls, and then applied to lotus root fields.
Shallow water lotus has been continuously cultivated for about 5 years. Because of poor soil permeability, trace elements such as copper, iron and zinc are difficult to meet the growth needs of lotus root. In addition, less organic fertilizer and more nitrogen fertilizer are easy to induce physiological diseases. Physiological diseases originated in the first half of May, and the peak period is usually in July-August. At the early stage of the disease, the newly born leaves wilted slightly as soon as they came out of the water, and the veins gradually turned green and faded, and brown freckles appeared at the edge of the leaves, gradually expanding until all the leaves died. The main control methods are as follows: ① Tillage 1 time after continuous cropping for 3-4 years, which is the basic way to control physiological diseases. ② Increase the application of organic fertilizer and control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. ③ When there is only thin water in the lotus field at the end of April, copper sulfate 1- 1 should be used every 667 square meters. 5 kg, ferrous sulfate 2-2. 5 kg, 25-30 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, tied with fine soil and hedged.