Rio de Janeiro
People in Rio de Janeiro are called Rio people.
Rio de Janeiro state
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The state capital of Rio de Janeiro
It covers an area of 43,907.2 square kilometers, accounting for 0.5 137% of Brazil's land area.
Geographical climate
A state in southeastern Brazil. Near the Atlantic Ocean. It covers an area of 43,600 square kilometers. Population 1, 4133,000 (1990), with urban population accounting for more than 90%. 1889 established the state, 1975 merged the state of guanabara. The capital moved from Niteroi to Rio de Janeiro. The coastal lowlands have a hot and humid climate, while the inland plateaus have a mild climate. Important rivers include the Bahr River in Pale. Industry, agriculture and service industry are developed, and service industry accounts for about 37% of the employed population, and income accounts for half. Industries are mainly steel, textile, food, printing and petrochemical. There are petroleum, bauxite, iron, coal, marble and other minerals. Fishing and salt industry flourished. Agriculture mainly produces sugarcane, oranges, bananas, vegetables, cotton, fruits and rice, and raises livestock. Land, sea and air transportation are developed. Beautiful scenery and more places to visit.
Introduction to geography
Rio de Janeiro is located in the southeast of Brazil, bordering on Estado do Espirito Santos, Espiritu in the north, minas gerais in the west, S? o Paulo in the southwest and Atlantic Ocean in the southeast, with a coastline of 636 kilometers. The coastal terrain is relatively flat, and the inland is mostly hills and mountains. It has a tropical maritime climate, generally 17-39 degrees, with an annual average temperature of 25 degrees.
Rio, the capital of the state, is 45km from Brasilia 1, 1 45km from Sao Paulo, 420km from El Salvador 1, 69 1 km from Bello, 509km from city of victoria, and 4990 km from Iguazu and Manaus1.
Human population
In 2000, the population of Rio de Janeiro was14.4 million (14,404,923), accounting for 8.47% of Brazil's170,000 population, of which 95% were urban and 5% were rural. The labor force population is 6.35 million, illiteracy accounts for 7.2%, and the unemployment rate is 5%. The average life expectancy of men is 7 1 year, and that of women is 77 years. The population growth rate of Rio State is 1.04%, and the birth rate index is 0.8444(IDH). Among them, Rio de Janeiro has a population of 5.6 million (5,598,953), accounting for 39.29% of the state's population.
administrative division
Rio de Janeiro is divided into 8 districts and 92 cities. The general situation of its eight districts is as follows:
1, the state capital-(regio metropolis), located on the southeast coast of Rio State, with an area of 5,693.4 square kilometers, accounting for 12.97% of the state area. Population 10348002, accounting for 7 1.84% of the whole state population, which is the most densely populated area in the whole state. It belongs to 20 cities, among which Rio de Janeiro is in the region. The main ports in Rio are concentrated in this area, mainly focusing on tourism, trade and finance.
2. Coastal plain area-(Reginao das Baixadas Litoraneas), located on the eastern coast of Rio State, adjacent to the state capital area in the southwest, with an area of 5,064 square kilometers and a population of 503 1, 5 1. It belongs to 12 city, mainly in petrochemical industry.
3. Regio Norte is located on the northeast coast of Rio State, bordering the coastal plain in the south, with an area of 9,767.8 square kilometers and a population of 6710.4 million. Nine cities are mainly oil industry groups and alcoholic beverage industries.
4.Regio Noroeste, located in the northwest of Rio State, adjacent to the North District in the east, covers an area of 5,385.4 square kilometers, with a population of 287,946, and has 0/3 subordinate cities, mainly engaged in agricultural product processing industry.
5. The Grand Baya District is located at the southernmost tip of Rio State, with an area of 1753.4 square kilometers and a population of 123855. Its subordinate cities are only Angela dos Reyes and Parati. Mainly tourism and nuclear power generation.
6.Regio do Medio Paraiba, located in the southwest of balaji, covers an area of 6,203 square kilometers and has a population of 759,998. It has 12 cities, mainly engaged in metallurgy and metal processing.
7. Rio Centro-Sul Fluminense, the capital of the eastern neighboring state, covers an area of 3,036 square kilometers, with a population of 236,926, and has 10 subordinate cities, mainly engaged in tourism and garment processing.
8. Regio Serrana is located in the north-central part of Rio, with an area of 6,960.6 square kilometers and a population of 722,334. 14 city, mainly in tourism and garment processing industry.
economic conditions
Rio de Janeiro is not only an important gateway to Brazil and even South America, but also one of the most economically developed regions in Brazil and even South America. Known as an important transportation hub and information communication, tourism, culture, finance and insurance center in Brazil. In 2000, the gross domestic product (GDP) of Rio de Janeiro was US$ 82.3 billion (R $654.38+62.6 billion), accounting for 14.36% of Brazil's GDP, and the per capita GDP was US$ 5,734. 1999 Rio's GDP is109.6 billion US dollars, accounting for 13.53% of Brazil's total GDP, of which agriculture and animal husbandry account for 0.6%, industry for 29.3% and service industry for 70. 1%.
Agriculture and animal husbandry
Agriculture and animal husbandry in Rio State account for a small proportion of the state's GDP, with a rural population of only 720,000 and about 90,000 farmers, mainly supplying vegetables and non-staple foods in Rio State. Agricultural land is 3264 150 hectares, most of which is less than 10 hectares, of which 44% are natural pastures where cows are raised. The main crops are cassava, rice, kidney beans, corn, potatoes, sugar cane, coffee, oranges, bananas, tomatoes, papaya and other tropical fruits and vegetables. And fishing. The north and northwest mainly produce fruits and sugar cane, as well as juice and sugar cane wine processing industries. This mountainous area mainly produces vegetables and flowers. Bananas and tomatoes are produced in the south. Rio State has implemented various plans, such as Moeda Verde, orchard Irrigation, Rio-Cafe, Rio-Cana and Rio-Leite, mainly to further promote the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in the region by providing low-interest loans and technical services.
industry
Rio is the second largest industrial base in Brazil. In 2000, there were 22,050 industrial enterprises in Rio. It is especially famous for its chemical, petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries, accounting for 65,438+05% of the output of similar products in Brazil, among which offshore oil exploitation ranks among the best. Rio is rich in natural resources, especially the reserves and output of offshore oil and natural gas resources rank first in Brazil.
The mining and processing industries in Rio are relatively developed, and Petrobras ranks first among 65,438+000 large companies in Brazil. In addition to oil exploitation, a large petrochemical enterprise (Refinaria Duque de Caxias) has been established in Duque de Caxias, Rio State. CVRD, the largest mining company in Brazil, ranks second in Brazil, and large mining companies such as Valesul Aluminum Company have enterprises in Rio State. There are also Volta Redonda's National Steel Company, Cosigua Steel Plant, Fabrica de Alcalis in Cabo District, Fabrica de Caminhoes da Volkswagen in Rezende and so on. Building materials such as marble granite processing, glass and cement production and private enterprises account for 9.6% of the state's GDP. Shipbuilding, medicine and chemical industry, plastics, machining, metal components, printing and textile and clothing also account for a certain proportion.
In addition to three large-scale thermal power plants, Rio has also built Angola 1 and Angola's second nuclear power plant in Oshima Bay. At present, the power generation capacity of nuclear power plants is 9.5 billion kWh, which will reach 21500 million kWh (265438+9500 gwh) in 2004, and eight power generation projects will be built.
service industry
Rio is famous for its services such as tourism, information and communication, finance and insurance. Brazil is one of the countries with the highest foreign exchange income in the world. Most tourists to Brazil come from Latin America, America and Europe. Rio de Janeiro is rich in tourism resources and has many tourist attractions, among which Rio is the most.
Rio de Janeiro and Brazil are proud of 28 famous scenic spots and tourist attractions, of which 14 is located in the coastal areas, mostly charming bays, beaches and lush tropical islands. 14 is located in the mountainous areas surrounded by mountains and trees in the state, which is not only a historical relic, but also a national and national forest park.
Not only is communication developed, there are 4.44 million fixed telephones and 298 mobile telephones, but the IT industry is also developing rapidly. Software products rank first in Brazil's software industry, accounting for 40% of the Brazilian market. Rede GLOBO, Brazil's universal television station located in Rio, is the largest television network in Brazil and even Latin America. Banco do Brasil-BB, Caixa Economico Federal, Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Social, Bradesco and Itau Bank, World-renowned financial institutions such as Santander Bank, Unibanco Bank, Amro Bank-ABN Bank, Banco Boston Bank, HSBC Bank and CITIBANK Bank all have offices in Rio. The annual turnover of Bolsa de Valores is $654.38+0 billion.
traffic
The road network in Rio State extends in all directions. According to a survey conducted by Brazil's Ministry of Communications 1999, the total length of highways in Brazil is1658km, and that in Rio State is 22069km, of which the total length of national highway BR- 1 16 leading to Sao Paulo is 429km, and the total length of national highway BR-040 leading to Bello is 434km. The national highway BR- 10 1 to Victoria is 5 14km long, and there are also national highways BR-393, BR-493, BR-495, BR-356 and many other national highways.
In addition, there are 10 airports and 24 airports in Rio de Janeiro.
port
Rio de Janeiro, Itaguai, Niteroi, Areal do Cabo, Angola (Angela dos Reyes) and Mangalatiba. Among them, Guay Port and Mangoladiba Port have been merged into Sepatiba, and the other four ports are all managed by Rio de Janeiro Docas Company, except Argo, Aray, which is managed by the local government.
Rio de Janeiro city
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The second largest city in Brazil and the largest seaport in Brazil. Located in the southeast of Brazil, facing the Atlantic Ocean in the south, there is a 14 km highway bridge on the west bank of Guanabara Bay across the bay, extending northward and connecting with the city of Niteroi on the east bank. Area 1255.3 square kilometers, 2.3 meters above sea level, 35 kilometers from north to south, 70 kilometers from east to west, with a green area of 325.6 square kilometers and a population of 9 million. Annual average temperature 17-36 degrees. 1502 65438+ 10, Portuguese navigators came to the bay, mistaking it for the mouth of a big river, and casually named it "January River", which was translated into Portuguese as "Rio de Janeiro". The city was founded in 1565, and became the capital of Brazil in 1763 and 1822. 1960, the capital moved to Brasilia. Later it was changed to guanabara (the same as the city limits), and guanabara became the capital of Rio de Janeiro after 1975 was revoked. National economic and cultural center. There are textile, clothing, printing, automobile, shipbuilding, machinery, petroleum processing, chemistry, metallurgy and food industries. The largest financial center in China; Many large enterprises, banks and monopoly organizations have management offices here. There are more than 60 museums, more than 70 libraries, 85 theaters and 82 clubs in the city. There are many universities and scientific research institutions. With developed land, sea and air transportation, it is the largest port in Brazil, with a wide belly and a narrow mouth, which can berth giant ships and an annual throughput of more than 35 million tons. The world-famous tourist center, located in the beautiful Guanabara Bay, is a famous tourist attraction in Brazil and even the world with beautiful scenery. The main attractions are Mount Jesus, Bread Mountain, Nitroy Bridge, Maracana Stadium, the largest park and botanical garden in Brazil. Rio de Janeiro's beaches are world-famous, with the largest number and extension in the world. There are 72 beaches in the city, two of which are Copa cabannes Beach and Ibanema Beach. The best tourist months are June and July every year.
Many Christian countries in the world have carnival, but in terms of scale, number of participants, rich content and warm atmosphere, Brazil was the first to be promoted. Rio de Janeiro is the largest city in Brazil, so it is known as the "Carnival Capital". Every year in the middle and late February, Brazil will celebrate for three days and three nights. At that time, the streets of Rio de Janeiro will be decorated with lanterns, colorful flags and festive costumes everywhere. People appeared in the city and poured into the streets. Men, women and children are all dressed up, twisting their waists, waving their hands and dancing samba. All kinds of music, dance, drama performances and competitions come and go. The grand parade of costumes pushed the festival celebration to a climax, and large floats surrounded the elected "king" and "queen" to lead the way. In the vast team, the devil, angel, beauty, demon fairy, samurai, dignitaries, nobles, slaves and other grotesque costumes are dazzling; The audience cheered for their favorite characters and threw flowers and ribbons. The annual carnival vividly shows the enthusiastic national character of Brazilians.
Brazil is a football kingdom, with football clubs all over the country, and Rio de Janeiro is no exception. At present, there are four teams from Rio de Janeiro in the first division of Brazilian football: Flamengo, Botafogo, vasco da gama and Fromi Froumy.
Apart from Rio, in other places in Rio, there are 28 famous scenic spots and tourist attractions that Rio and Brazil are proud of, among which 14 is located in coastal areas, mostly charming bays, beaches and lush tropical islands.
sister city
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China, Beij, Atlanta, USA, Barcelona, Spain, Brazil, Taylor, Cabo, Brazil, Tresopolis.
1992 I set up a consulate general in Rio.
Rio de Janeiro became a sister city with Tianjin on 1995.
Rio became a sister city with Beijing on 1986.
China Minmetals, Huawei, Shanghai Baosteel Group, Shanghai Dredging Company and China Metallurgical Corporation have offices in Rio.