The symptoms of hepatitis are fever, weakness, nausea, vomiting, muscle pain, dizziness, headache, abdominal pain and usually jaundice. This is an early symptom similar to a cold. Some patients have mild liver swelling, aversion to oil, persistent and obvious abdominal distension, and often have gingival bleeding and nosebleeds. The skin has telangiectasia, and vermilion-like dense erythema can be seen on hands and feet, especially thenar and thenar, which is called liver palm. Some people often have low fever, menstrual disorder, sexual dysfunction or decline, and some patients have extrahepatic damage such as arthritis, nephritis, diabetes, Sjogren's syndrome and so on. Infectious hepatitis is contagious 2-3 weeks after jaundice, and 1 week after jaundice. There is hepatitis virus in the patient's feces, which needs isolation treatment.
Hepatitis is the most common serious infectious disease, which is usually divided into five types, namely hepatitis A, B, C, D and E. ..
Hepatitis A and hepatitis B are the most common types of hepatitis. Both types are caused by viruses and are contagious.
Hepatitis A is transmitted through human contact, diet, feces and other contact methods. Hepatitis B is spread through contaminated needles and syringes, blood-sucking insects, blood transfusion and some forms of sexual behavior. 85% of homosexuals have this disease. Hepatitis B is highly contagious and potentially fatal.
Hepatitis C is generally transmitted through blood, such as blood transfusion and contaminated needles. Hepatitis C usually has mild symptoms or no symptoms at all, and 20% to 30% of virus carriers develop cirrhosis after 10 years. Hepatitis D only appears in patients with hepatitis B, and aggravates the disease. It can be transmitted from mother to child or through sexual contact. Hepatitis E mainly occurs in Asia, Africa and Mexico. Similar to the transmission route of hepatitis A, but the risk is higher than that of hepatitis A. There is also toxic hepatitis, which has nothing to do with the virus and may be caused by chemicals, injection, diet or absorption of toxins through the skin. Chlorinated hydrocarbons and arsenides are toxins that cause hepatitis. The degree of liver damage depends on the exposure.
At present, the treatment of hepatitis is mainly anti-virus, protecting liver, improving liver inflammation and preventing liver fibrosis.
Although there is no specific drug that can completely eliminate hepatitis B virus at present, there are still many antiviral drugs, such as interferon, acyclovir and lamivudine, which can be tried, but there is no guarantee that the surface antigen will turn negative. The key problem is to improve the immune function and antiviral ability of individuals, on the one hand, to make them have the ability to eliminate hepatitis B virus, on the other hand, to keep the current carrying state of hepatitis B virus from getting sick.
Rest and nutrition are the main treatments for patients with liver disease. As the saying goes, "three-point treatment and seven-point nutrition", because the role of drugs is limited, it can only play a role on the basis of ensuring rest and nutrition. Cheerful personality, regular life, pay attention to reasonable diet, and be careful of obesity caused by overnutrition. In addition to bed rest when jaundice or transaminase is obviously increased, appropriate activities should be taken when symptoms are few and transaminase is slightly increased, and attention should be paid to the combination of static and dynamic. When choosing antiviral drugs, immunomodulatory drugs, drugs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, anti-fibrosis drugs and drugs for promoting hepatocyte regeneration, we must have the guidance of doctors.