Table 5 Layout of cultivated crops in North China
(2) Cultivation management techniques.
(1) seedling raising. Zucchini can be broadcast live or transplanted. Direct seeding should be carried out when the temperature is above 12℃, and the germinated seeds should be directly sown in the field, with 2 ~ 3 seeds in each hole and the covering soil thickness is about 3 cm. After emergence, remove the redundant seedlings according to the plant spacing and make up the missing seedlings. After emergence, it is best to cover with plastic film and cut it off. Seedlings should be transplanted in early spring.
A. Soak seeds in warm soup to accelerate germination. Evenly pour the cleaned seeds into warm water at 50℃, stir while pouring, and keep at 50℃ for 30 minutes to kill the germs (anthracnose, Fusarium oxysporum) attached to the seed surface. Then take it out and soak it in cold water 1 ~ 2 hours, rinse it twice with clear water, wrap the seeds with clean towels or gauze, and accelerate germination at 25 ~ 28℃ every day.
B. sow seeds. Seedbed preparation: the seedbed should be prepared 2 ~ 3 days before sowing. Bed soil should be mixed with field soil without melon and decomposed organic fertilizer in a ratio of 6: 4. After fully stirring and raking, divide the bed soil into 7-8 cm square squares or make it into nutritious earthwork, or raise seedlings with seedling trays.
Sowing and post-sowing management: the germinated seeds are laid flat on the planting ground or nutrition bowl according to the planned sowing line. Put 1 seed in each planting position, cover with 0.5 ~ 1.0 cm thick soil, and then cover with plastic film for heat preservation and moisture preservation. Before emergence, the temperature of seedbed should be kept at 25 ~ 28℃ during the day. After emergence, the plastic film can be removed to slightly lower the temperature. The daytime temperature is 22 ~ 25℃, and at night 15 ~ 17℃, and the humidity should not be too high. About 25 days, when the seedlings grow to two true leaves, they can also be planted in cotyledon stage. Five days before sowing, seedlings should be exercised at low temperature (about 65438 00℃). Prevent and control pests and diseases in time.
② colonization. In early spring, if there is no protective facilities, it should be carried out after the final frost, and planting should be carried out in sunny days with cold tail and warm head and no wind. The hot weather in summer in North China comes early, so it is advisable to plant it early. Covering with small arch shed can lead to early fruiting, prolonged fruiting time and significantly increased yield. The plant spacing is 40 ~ 50 cm, the row spacing is about 150 cm, and every 667㎡ plants are planted 1000 plants. When planting, bring a lump of soil to plant, and water it after planting.
③ Field management.
A. fertilizer and water management. After delaying seedlings, watering, intertillage and weeding should be controlled in time to promote root growth and squat seedlings properly to facilitate flower bud differentiation. 7 kg urea or ammonium sulfate 10 ~ 15 kg was applied every 667 m ~ 2 in bud stage, and organic fertilizer 1000 kg was applied after the first melon was harvested. In case of drought in fruit period, irrigation should be used to prevent drought, and irrigation is not needed when there is much rain.
B. Prune vines and pick hearts. Melon is mainly composed of main vines, with 1 ~ 2 lateral vines at the base, and other lateral buds are picked in time. Leave 5 ~ 8 melons per plant, and take off the tips when the stems are full. Where conditions permit, when the seedlings grow to 30 cm, they can be planted with scaffolding to make them grow upwards, which can increase the number of fruits.
C. artificial pollination. In case of rainy days during flowering, artificial pollination can be carried out in the morning to improve the seed setting rate.
④ Pest control. The pests of Hami melon are mainly aphids, and the diseases include virus disease and powdery mildew. If mosaic plants are found, they should be pulled out in time, and the planting holes of diseased plants should be disinfected with quicklime to prevent the spread of aphids in time. When a few powdery mildew plants are found, 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 1000 times solution or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600-800 times solution can be sprayed 1 time every 7 ~ 10 days for 3 ~ 4 times continuously.
⑤ harvesting. Zucchini mainly collects old melons. Watermelon skin is ripe when it turns from white to yellow and becomes hard. It can be harvested in batches as needed, or it can be harvested once after the first frost. The whole growth period is 90 ~ 120 days, and the yield per 667 m2 can reach 2000 ~ 4000 kg.