There are many pathogenic factors of diabetes, and type 2 diabetes is mainly caused by insufficient insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance refers to the disorder of muscle and adipose tissue community and the utilization of sugar. The ability of the liver to ingest sugar is weakened, and the output of hepatic glycogen after meals can not be effectively inhibited.
The causes of insulin resistance are not only genetic factors, but also environmental factors. For example, hormone disorder, drug influence, stress and so on, and among environmental factors, the most important one is unreasonable lifestyle. These unreasonable lifestyles, if they exist for a long time, will also increase the risk of diabetes. Among them, the following unreasonable lifestyles are also more likely to cause diabetes to some extent.
High-fat diet food with high fat content will taste better. It is found that the incidence of type 2 diabetes is positively correlated with the percentage of energy provided by dietary fat. For a long time, a diet high in saturated fat has been proved to increase blood cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and lead to insulin resistance.
Lack of physical exercise life lies in exercise, and the importance of exercise to health is self-evident. Lack of physical activity is another important factor in the occurrence of type 2 diabetes. The study found that compared with people who lack physical exercise, people who can persist in moderate physical exercise have a significantly lower risk of developing diabetes. High intensity physical activity is related to low plasma insulin level. Physical exercise can improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the occurrence of insulin resistance.
Overweight or obesity Overweight and obesity, especially abdominal obesity, are important risk factors for type 2 diabetes. The incidence of diabetes in people who are overweight by 24 is twice as high as that in people with normal body mass index. Among obese people, the incidence of type 2 diabetes is three times that of normal weight people. The reason is that obese people have insulin receptor deficiency and insulin resistance, which will affect the transport and utilization of glucose and the synthesis of protein.
Lack of trace elements Now that our living standard has improved, many people think that there is no shortage of nutrients. In fact, it is precisely because of the improvement of material level that we eat too much when we can't eat it before, which will lead to the lack of some nutrients. Among these nutrients, the lack of chromium, zinc and selenium will increase the risk of diabetes. For example, the lack of selenium will increase the body's sensitivity to oxidative damage, and excessive free radical accumulation will cause a series of reactions of unsaturated fatty acids in biofilm phospholipids, which will aggravate the damage of islet cells and the occurrence and development of vascular neuropathy.
Although diabetes is a metabolic disease, some complications caused by diabetes will seriously affect our health. Diabetes complications can be divided into acute complications and chronic complications. Acute complications include diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetic nonketotic hyperosmotic coma, hypoglycemia and infection. Chronic complications mainly include macroangiopathy and microangiopathy.
Severe acute complications of diabetes can lead to coma and life-threatening. Chronic complications are not directly fatal, but over time, poor blood sugar control can also lead to diabetes death. For example, the chronic complication of diabetes, macroangiopathy, is that diabetes causes atherosclerosis of large and middle arteries, thus increasing the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Diabetes is not terrible, but the complications caused by diabetes. Only by controlling blood sugar can we reduce the risk of diabetic complications. Moreover, controlling blood sugar can't be treated only by drugs. Drug treatment is only one aspect of diabetes treatment. In the treatment of diabetes, diet therapy and exercise therapy are also indispensable treatment methods, which occupy the same important position as drug therapy.
Drug therapy, exercise therapy and diet therapy are indispensable, and only by taking three measures can blood sugar be well controlled. When blood sugar is well controlled, the risk of diabetic complications will be reduced. Some people with better blood sugar control may have been suffering from diabetes for 30 to 40 years, but there are fewer complications, so they need to adhere to drug therapy, diet therapy and exercise therapy. Controlling blood sugar is more conducive to reducing complications.