The growth of toon sprouts is relatively special, and they are generally only harvested in the spring. Therefore, to get high yield and excellent quality, you must learn the following 6 cultivation techniques.
1, land preparation and fertilization
The soil for planting parsnip should be y ploughed, leveled, and combined with the cultivation of the land per acre of land with 6,000 kilograms of rotted farmyard manure. If the soil viscosity is too large, it needs to be mixed with better textured soil to improve.
2, planting garden
The planting of toon is usually carried out in autumn or spring. Fall cultivation is carried out from the fall after the leaves fall to the soil before freezing, if the cultivation is too late, the ground temperature becomes low, resulting in slow seedling slow, some saplings even can't slow down the seedling, and it is easy to cause the branches to freeze and dry up and die when encountering the cold wind. Therefore, when planting toon trees in the fall, it should be early rather than too late. Spring cultivation of toon tree seedlings, on the other hand, there is no obvious time constraints, only need to be carried out in the dormant period that has not yet sprouted.
The planting density of the toon needs to be decided according to the local climatic conditions and soil texture. Plots with fertile soil and good light can be planted appropriately densely, and planting sites with slightly poorer conditions can be thinner. If the density is too low, the yield can not go up; density is too large, it will affect the field light permeability and air permeability, will also reduce the quality and yield. Dr. Agronomy, based on years of experience in planting, that the appropriate spacing between rows is 50 centimeters, the spacing between plants is 35-40 centimeters, a mu of land cultivation 3000-3200 plants is most appropriate.
When transplanting toon seedlings, you need to make the root system of the seedling naturally separate, fill in the soil and then step on the ground, and immediately pour enough water to slow down the seedlings. The depth of planting should be equal to the depth of the original seedling into the soil. After the water seeps down, mulch the root of the seedling into a mound, which can effectively conserve moisture and resist drought.
3, dwarf shaping
Dwarf shaping is the key technology of toon buds high-yield and high quality, common refurbishment of the tree shape has a multi-head shape, broom shape, and multi-layer shape of three kinds.
(1) Multihead shape
After the planting of toon tree, cut from the main stem at 15-20cm, promote the lower sprouting of 2-3 lateral branches as the first level of lateral branches of the toon tree, and pinch off the top of the first level of lateral branches when it grows up to 30cm and keep the branch stump at 10cm long, to promote the rapid sprouting of the second level of lateral branches, which will lead to the rapid sprouting of the second level of lateral branches, and then to the rapid sprouting of the second level of lateral branches. When the primary lateral branch grows to 30 centimeters, pinch off the top and keep 10 centimeters long branch stump, so as to push the secondary lateral branch to sprout rapidly, and then form a multi-headed shape. This shape of toon tree can produce a greater number of terminal buds, thus increasing the yield.
(2) Broom shape
When the toon tree is 1 meter high, the tops are removed in time to promote the sprouting of lateral branches, and when the lateral branches grow to 30 centimeters long, the head is wiped and the buds are harvested, so as to promote the sprouting of the secondary lateral branches. When the secondary lateral branches grow to 30 centimeters, the buds will be picked again. This dwarfing tree shape, with many branches, is likely to cause poor ventilation in the lower part of the plant, so that the quality of the toon buds is reduced.
(3) Multi-layer shape
When the toon tree sapling is 2 meters high, the top is removed in time to promote the rapid sprouting of lateral buds, and through pruning to form a 3-layer backbone branch, the height of the first layer from the ground is about 70 cm, the spacing between the second layer and the first layer is maintained at about 50 cm, and the spacing between the third layer and the second layer is 40 cm. Toon trees of this tree form are taller, with sufficient lignification and very stable yield.
Dwarfing of toon trees is a recurrent technical measure, the main purpose of which is to inhibit excessive vertical growth of the plant, promote dwarfing of the tree, send out more lateral branches, increase the yield, and also facilitate harvesting.
4, deep planing soil
Toon intensive cultivation, the underground root system is dense, coupled with human trampling of the soil, resulting in serious soil crusting, the general plowing and loosening of the soil is very difficult to play a role in the effect of the need for regular soil deep planing every year. Soil deep planing of the appropriate season is in the fall after the fall of the dormant leaves, need to plan map 30-40 cm depth, at the same time each mu of land with rotted organic fertilizer 4000-6000 kg, as a base fertilizer.
5, water and fertilizer management
After the toon seedlings are planted, they need to be watered once, and then again after 20 days. After this, watering every half-month interval, need to keep the soil between dry and wet. After each watering, the soil needs to be loosened on time by mid-tillage and weeding to prevent waterlogging in the field. At the end of April and the beginning of July, you need to fertilize 1 time, apply 10-20 kg of urea to one mu of land, or 2000 kg of organic fertilizer. After August, you need to reapply a nitrogen fertilizer, and appropriate control of watering. In early September, 50-150 kilograms of calcium superphosphate should be applied to promote the lignification of the tree and enhance the ability to resist adversity.
Adult toon trees at the end of February each year, in the root around the mulch, to improve the ground temperature, can be 2 weeks ahead of germination. Before sprouting, it needs to be watered thoroughly to promote early flower buds. After the toon picking, the nutrient consumption is too large, you need to catch up on fertilizer in a timely manner, mainly fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer.
6, harvesting
Dwarf toon tree harvesting methods are mostly used to pick the heart method. The germination order of the toon tree is first top bud and then side buds, after the top bud is harvested, 1-2 side buds at the tip are easy to sprout. Toon top bud weight is large, but the number is small, the yield depends on a large number of side bud sprouting. Toon harvesting first from the terminal bud, followed by harvesting side buds. Specific operation is: when the new shoots grow to about 25 centimeters in the spring, timely cut the top shoots to 15 centimeters, and keep 2-3 compound leaves. When the lateral buds sprout and grow to 25 centimeters, use the same method to harvest the top 20 centimeters of shoots.
Under normal growth conditions, harvesting is usually done every 20 days, and can be done 3-4 times throughout the spring, and better-managed toon trees can be extended to summer harvesting. When picking, you should use scissors, high pruning shears to cut and take, never pull and drag by hand to avoid damage to the tree.