Characteristics of several commonly used clothing fabrics

Cotton: (seed fiber) can be said to be the most widely used clothing fiber in the world.

It is a fiber obtained from cotton seeds, which is processed by picking, ginning, carding, striping, combing, woolen spinning, and worsted spinning into cotton yarn, and then the cotton yarn is made into cotton cloth.

1) Advantages

Strong hygroscopicity: Cotton fiber is a porous material, the internal molecular arrangement is very irregular, and the molecules contain a large number of hydrophilic structures.

Warmth retention: Cotton fiber is a poor conductor of heat. The inner cavity of cotton fiber is filled with stagnant air.

Comfortable wearing: no static electricity is generated, good breathability, and waterproof. Sensitive and easy to clean.

2) Disadvantages

Easy to wrinkle: Cotton fiber has poor elasticity.

High shrinkage: Cotton fiber has strong water absorption. When it absorbs water, the cotton fiber expands, causing the cotton yarn to shorten and deform.

Size before washing: size after washing, calculation method: shrinkage = × 100

Size before washing: the generally accepted shrinkage range for knitted clothing is 5

Mildew: In a humid state, if encountering bacteria or fungi, cotton fibers will decompose into their favorite nutrients - glucose, causing the fabric to become moldy and deteriorate.

If cotton fiber is exposed to sunlight for a long time, its strength will be reduced and the fiber will become hard and brittle. If it encounters oxidants, bleaching powder or oxidative dyes, its strength will also be reduced and the fiber will become brittle and hard.

3) Washing method:

It can be machine washed or hand washed, but due to the poor elasticity of the fiber, it is best to wash it gently or not to wash it by hand vigorously to avoid deformation of the clothes. Affect size.

Cotton fabrics are best washed in cold water to maintain their original color. Except for white cotton fabrics, it is best not to use detergents or washing powders containing bleaching ingredients for shirts of other colors. To avoid discoloration, do not pour washing powder directly on cotton fabrics to avoid local discoloration.

Wash dark-colored shirts and light-colored shirts separately.

4) Drying clothes: After taking off clothes, they should be quickly flattened and hung to dry to reduce wrinkles.

5) Ironing: High temperature resistance, can be ironed at high temperature up to 200C o.

Cotton mercerized clothing fabric:

Mercerized treatment is a traditional processing technology for cotton fabrics. However, in the past, cotton mercerization process was mostly used for sheets, towels and yarns, etc. However, currently pure cotton mercerized T-shirts, singlets, shirts, etc. have become the trend of pure cotton boutiques. It uses low-number (high-count) cotton fabric, which is treated with high-concentration caustic soda to make it smooth and silky-like. It is then finished with high-quality softener, making it light, smooth and comfortable to wear. Our company produces cotton single mercerized T-shirts (referring to a single alkali singeing treatment) and cotton double mercerized T-shirts (referring to a second alkali singeing treatment.)

Additional: What is Egypt cotton?

Egypt’s planting areas are mainly concentrated in the Nile River Basin, where the soil is fertile and the irrigation conditions are excellent. The long-staple cotton produced in Egypt accounts for half of the world’s output, and it is the most important long-staple cotton exporting country in the world.

Egyptian long-staple cotton is characterized by milky color, good maturity, high fiber strength, neat and uniform fibers, special mercerizing effect, and hand-picking. However, due to circulation and management problems, there are still foreign fibers .

The quality of Egyptian cotton is uniformly managed by the Egyptian Cotton Fiber Inspection Center. Cotton must be inspected by this center and issued a certificate before sale. Export standards adopt the Egyptian Alexandria Clause, and any disputes must be arbitrated in Egypt.

Hemp

1) Overview of hemp fiber

Hemp fiber is the general name for the bast fiber or fiber of hemp plants. It is the earliest textile material used for clothing by humans. There are many types of hemp fibers. The main ones that can be used for textiles include bast fibers such as ramie, flax, jute, and kenaf. Among them, ramie and flax are of the best quality and are softer in texture, making them suitable for weaving clothing. Jute, kenaf, etc. are of poor quality, thick and hard, and can only be used as raw materials for sacks and ropes.

2) Morphological characteristics of hemp fiber

The hemp fiber is in the shape of a long belt longitudinally, without twists, with a middle cavity, both ends are closed and pointed, and there are vertical and horizontal lines on the surface. Knots, cracked joints or grained joints are the main characteristics for identifying hemp fiber.

3) Characteristics of hemp fiber

The main component of hemp fiber is cellulose, which has excellent hygroscopicity. The moisture regain rate is 12-13 under standard conditions, and it absorbs moisture, releases moisture, and dissipates heat quickly. , no sense of personal fit. Hemp fiber has a natural silky luster, but it feels rough, has high rigidity, poor elasticity, and is prone to wrinkles. Hemp fiber is the strongest among natural fibers and has good high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance.

Hemp fiber is suitable for summer clothing, which is cool and comfortable to wear. In recent years, hemp fibers have been continuously modified to improve their softness. Blending hemp fiber with other fibers creates a unique style. Hemp fiber is widely used in interior decoration fabrics, which is rustic and rough. It is also commonly used to make canvas, ropes, hoses, etc. Strong and not easy to rot.

Wool natural animal fiber

Wool: Unless otherwise specified, it refers to the wool sheared from sheep.

English name: WOOL. Fibers are made of protein and have a scale-like structure outside the fibers. The properties of different wools depend on their fiber thickness and different scale structures. The finer the fiber and the smooth fiber surface, the better the feel of the woven clothes will be.

1) Advantages:

High water absorption: Wool is a very good hydrophilic fiber and is very comfortable to wear.

Warmth retention: Because wool is naturally curly, it can form many stagnant air zones as a barrier.

Durability: Wool has very good stretchability and elastic recovery, and has a special hair scale structure and excellent bending properties, so it also has good appearance retention.

2) Disadvantages:

Felting reaction: First, it is a unique and important characteristic of wool. It is a phenomenon caused by hair scales on the surface of wool fibers. When the hair scales on the surface of wool encounter mechanical force (vibration, friction, pressure, etc.), heat and water, the wool will sink to its roots. As the wool sinks, the edges of the hair scales hook each other and become entangled to the point where they cannot return to their original length and size. This results in severe contraction. Under extreme conditions, wool can shrink to half its original size (in clothing making, shrinkage of 80% is generally considered normal).

In addition, wool is easily eaten by insects and will pill due to frequent friction. If exposed to strong light for a long time, its tissue will be damaged and its heat resistance is poor.

3) Washing method:

Wool is not easy to get dirty and is easy to clean. But it is best not to wash it after every wear. You can use a focused method to remove dirt. And after each wearing, use a soft brush to wipe the collar and the inside of the cuffs. This can not only remove dust on the woolen fabric, but also restore the original puffy appearance of the woolen fabric. Wool clothing should be given a period of rest between wears to make it easier to maintain its shape.

If wool clothing has been deformed, you can hang it in a place with hot steam or spray a little water to restore its shape.

It is not advisable to machine wash, because wool will accelerate its felting when exposed to force.

Hand wash with warm water of 30-40 degrees.

Never bleach, as the bleached woolen fabric will turn yellow.

4) Drying:

After washing, gently squeeze out the water, do not twist to dry.

It is best to lay it flat or hang it to dry to avoid deformation.

Do not tumble dry.

5) Ironing: Generally, woolen fabrics do not need to be ironed. If necessary, you can iron them with medium-temperature steam.

Attachment: Lamb wool is basically the first sheared wool of a lamb less than one year old. It is lighter, warmer and softer than ordinary wool.

Supplementary information:

1) 5 cashmere 95 merino wool

The perfect combination of ingredients, sweaters knitted with this type of yarn are rich, fluffy and natural Rough, smooth to the touch, slightly fluffy on the surface, soft in color, good in fluffiness, and comfortable to wear.

2) 12.5 cashmere 87.5 merino wool

Weaved with high-grade cashmere and merino wool yarns, the fabric surface is non-snagging, lint-free, wrinkle-resistant and has a good hand feel It has the advantages of softness, comfortable wearing and good luster. It is the most popular fabric combination and is generally welcomed by people.

3) 30 cashmere 70 wool

The fabric is made of high-quality natural materials, long fiber mulberry silk, short fiber cashmere and wool blended with even twist, delicate hand feel, smooth and soft No lint. ,

The design style of this type of product is mainly business and casual, with bright and smooth colors, and classic styles as embellishments. It pursues a sense of fashion while being steady, and has inherent classic color combinations, such as pink blue, pink green, Popular colors such as purple make men's clothing show vitality and ease while being calm and solemn.

4) 30 Tencel 20 mercerized wool 50 acrylic

Mercerized wool has a soft luster, fine softness, and strong hygroscopicity; Tencel, as a new type of cellulose fiber, is extremely hygroscopic and hygroscopic. Drapability and good skin affinity; acrylic fiber is commonly known as "artificial wool";

The sweater blended with three raw materials and processed by a high-gauge flat knitting machine has a clear and delicate texture, a smooth surface and a tight structure. There will be no deformation after machine washing. The luster is natural, the elasticity is appropriate, and it has a soft and smooth touch. Tencel fiber has anti-pilling properties. The high proportion of Tencel fiber in knitted sweaters can effectively suppress the frequency of pilling.

Cashmere

Cashmere has soft luster, light weight, softness, good toughness and strong elasticity. It is light, warm, soft and slippery. It is very comfortable to wear and is the leading choice in the textile industry. Precious and high-grade raw materials are unmatched by other fibers. Cashmere has good thermal insulation properties and can resist the invasion of cold air from outside and keep the body temperature from dropping. Another advantage of cashmere is that it does not shrink, is easy to shape, and has good restoring properties. Cashmere sweaters that have undergone strict technical processing have good shaping effects. Therefore, cashmere products have the characteristics of beautiful appearance, gorgeous and elegant appearance, soft touch, comfortable wearing, good warmth retention and strong hygroscopicity.

Natural down

Because down is light, soft and warm, humans have long used bird feathers to make down products and natural decorations. With high fluffiness, the products made can contain a certain amount of air and have the characteristics of softness, lightness and good warmth retention. And because down, as a natural product, has advantages that cannot be replaced by other products, especially now that "green consumption" and "return to nature" are advocated, down is increasingly favored by consumers from all over the world.

Silk

Mulberry silk:

Natural animal protein fiber, smooth, soft, shiny, warm in winter and cool in summer, with a unique friction when rubbed "Silent" phenomenon, has good extensibility, good heat resistance, is not resistant to salt water corrosion, and should not be treated with chlorine-containing bleach or detergent.

Silk fabric:

The luster is natural and soft, bright and pleasing to the eye but not dazzling, and the color is uniform; it feels soft, smooth and elastic; it is breathable and comfortable to wear, elegant and luxurious; it has poor anti-wrinkle ability and is difficult to wash after washing. It must be ironed afterwards, has poor light resistance, cannot be exposed to the sun for a long time, and is sensitive to alkali reaction

Spun silk:

Recognized as a luxurious natural fiber all over the world, it is a high-grade textile raw material with high strength. Elongation, the fiber is fine and soft, smooth and elastic, has good hygroscopicity, the fabric is shiny, and has a unique "silky" feeling. It is smooth, comfortable, elegant and luxurious when worn on the body.

Real silk:

Bright and noble, with a certain straight silk content, which can make the product feel smoother, denser in texture, shiny, comfortable, elegant, luxurious, and has good elasticity Strength, good hygroscopicity, breathable and comfortable to wear.

Additional information:

1. What is milk silk?

Milk silk "is based on the principle that natural silk itself contains high protein. Liquid milk is dewatered, skimmed, and mixed with a kneading agent to make milk slurry, which is then wet-spun using new technology and high technology. It is processed by means and was first developed on a large scale in Japan.

It is the third generation fiber after the first generation fiber cotton, silk, wool, linen and the second generation synthetic fiber nylon and polypropylene. It combines the advantages of the second generation fiber: it is better than cotton. , silk has high strength, better mildew and moth-proof properties than wool, and has natural antibacterial function. Milk silk knitwear is a natural fabric and is rich in protein. Therefore, its water absorption and air permeability are superior to ordinary knitwear. It will not cause adverse reactions when in contact with the human body, and it will not make the wearer itchy like some chemical fiber fabrics. Allergy symptoms.

Milk silk fabric is light, soft, smooth, drapey, elegant, breathable, moisture-wicking, refreshing, glossy, elegant, luxurious, colorful, moisturizing, soft, sterilizing and anti-inflammatory. , cleansing and deodorizing health effects.

Plant fiber

Bamboo fiber:

High strength, good wear resistance, moisture absorption and drape, cool and comfortable to wear, excellent dyeing performance, gloss It is bright and has good natural antibacterial effect.

Soybean fiber:

Soybean fiber is a kind of plant protein fiber. It has good strength, acid and alkali resistance, excellent gloss, good hygroscopicity, and good dyeing performance. It is called "artificial cashmere" due to its advantages such as comfortable wearing. Soybean fiber has obvious antibacterial function and is praised by experts as "the healthy and comfortable fiber in the new century".

Other chemical fabrics

Polyester:

Synthetic fiber: made of polymer compounds, polyester is one of them, it is also called polyester fiber .

Advantages: high strength, strong wear resistance, good elasticity, and strong heat resistance

Disadvantages: lack of hydrophilic structure between molecules, so hygroscopicity is extremely poor and breathability Not bad either. Fabrics woven from it will feel stuffy and airtight when worn on the body.

In addition, due to the smooth surface of the fibers, the cohesion between them becomes poor, so the friction areas are prone to fluffing and balling.

Viscose fiber:

Viscose fiber is the earliest product among chemical fibers. It has low cost and wide range of uses. Common viscose fiber products on the market include original color, dyeing, Printed and yarn-dyed rayon has become very popular among consumers in recent years due to its soft texture, clean cloth surface, smooth hand feel, good moisture absorption and breathability, comfortable wearing and bright color.

Nylon fabric

Nylon competes with synthetic fiber clothing materials for its high-quality wear resistance, light weight and good wearability. It still occupies an important position for half a century. Nylon fabric is still the best material for down jackets and mountaineering jackets that are popular among consumers. The wearing properties of nylon fabrics; the wear resistance of nylon fabrics ranks first among all natural and chemical fiber fabrics. Similar products are 10 times more polymer-resistant than cotton and viscose fabrics, 20 times more difficult than pure wool fabrics, and more difficult than polyester fabrics. About 4 times higher. It is also very strong with very little loss in wet strength. Therefore, both pure cotton and fiber blended fabrics have good durability. Among synthetic fibers, jinlun fabric has better hygroscopicity, so its wearing comfort and dyeability are better than polyester fabric. In addition to polypropylene and acrylic fabrics, nylon fabrics are lighter. Therefore, it is difficult to shape the pleats of clothing, and it is easy to deform due to stress during wearing. Therefore, the suitability of cotton fabric clothing is not as good as that of polyester clothing.

Acrylic fabric

With its unique elasticity and fluffiness, acrylic fiber provides cheap and beautiful imitation sweater fabrics and wool blended fabrics for clothing. Performance characteristics: Acrylic fiber is known as synthetic wool. Its elasticity and bulkiness are comparable to natural wool. Acrylic fabric is not only stiff and wrinkle-resistant, but also has good warmth retention properties. There are more static air layers in the same volume of textiles. The moisture content measurement results prove that the warmth retention of nitrile fabrics is about 15% higher than that of similar wool fabrics and polymers.

The light resistance of acrylic fabric ranks first among all kinds of fibers. Silk, nylon, viscose and wool fabrics are basically destroyed when exposed to sunlight in summer, while the strength of acrylic fabrics only drops by about 20%. Therefore, acrylic fabric is an ideal material for outdoor clothing, sportswear, etc. Acrylic fabrics have bright colors, and blending them with wool in an appropriate proportion can improve the appearance, color, and texture. Acrylic fabric has good heat resistance, ranking second among synthetic fibers, and is acid and chlorine resistant, and has a wide range of uses.

Among synthetic fiber fabrics, acrylic fabric is relatively light, so it is also a lightweight clothing material. Acrylic fabric has poor hygroscopicity, feels stuffy when worn, and has poor comfort. The structure of acrylic fiber determines the poor wear resistance of the fabric. It is the least wear-resistant product among chemical fiber fabrics.

Vinylon fabric

Vinylon is also known as synthetic cotton. However, due to its poor dyeability and appearance, it has only been used as a material for cotton blended underwear. Its varieties are relatively monotonous, and there are not many designs and colors. The wearing performance characteristics of vinylon fabrics: vinylon fabrics have better hygroscopicity among synthetic fabrics (the moisture regain rate is 4. When it is high, it can reach an agreement of about 10), and it is strong. Good wear resistance, light weight and comfortable. The dyeability and heat resistance are poor, the color of the fabric is not bright, and the wrinkle resistance and stiffness are poor. The sewing and wearing performance of vinylon fabric is poor, and it is a low-grade clothing material. Corrosion-resistant, acid-alkali-resistant, low-priced, generally used in work clothes or canvas

Polypropylene fabric

Polypropylene fabric: It is a synthetic fiber clothing material developed in 20 years. It is popular with consumers for its quick-drying, refreshing, and low-price advantages. Polypropylene fabrics have been transformed from ordinary fine cloths. Development in the direction of high-end and multi-variety. The wearing performance characteristics of polypropylene fabrics: Compared with similar cotton fabrics, polypropylene is only 3/5 of its weight, and the fiber volume and mass is only 0.91, making it the lightest raw material variety. Therefore, polypropylene fabric is also one of the lightweight fabrics. Polypropylene fabric has good strength and wear resistance, and is strong and durable. Polypropylene fabric has very little hygroscopicity, basically does not shrink, and uses less material. However, it has poor comfort and is not easy to iron at high temperatures. The washing water temperature should be as low as 80°C, otherwise it will shrink and harden. Corrosion-resistant, but not light-resistant and not easy to be exposed to sunlight after washing.

Spandex elastic fabric

Spandex elastic fabric first appeared in the United States. From 1979 to the present, the output of elastic fabric in the Western European market has increased year by year. Our country has also begun mass production. According to statistics, 20% of garments are made of various elastic fabrics. It has been one of the most popular clothing materials in the international market for decades. The wearing performance characteristics of spandex fabric: Spandex fabric is made of spandex with high elasticity (6-8) that is similar to ribs. Therefore, all kinds of spandex fabrics have a comfortable elasticity of 15-45. The appearance styles of various spandex fabrics. Spandex elastic fabric is a clothing and fashionable clothing material that integrates the curvaceous beauty of clothing shape and the comfort of wearing.

Blended fabrics

Wool-polyester fabrics: refers to fabrics made of wool and polyester blended yarns. It is the most common type of blended wool fabrics at present.

Features: Compared with all-wool tweed, wool-polyester thin tweed has a light and thin texture, good wrinkle recovery, strong wear resistance, easy to wash and quick-dry, long-lasting pleats, stable size, not easy to be eaten by insects, but feels good Not as soft as full wool. If glossy polyester is used as the raw material for blending, the surface will have a silky luster. If cashmere or camel hair and other animal hairs are used in the blended raw material, the hand feel will be smoother.

Washing instructions: Soak in cold water for 15 minutes, then wash with general synthetic detergent. The temperature of the washing liquid should not exceed 45 degrees Celsius. Dirty areas such as collars and cuffs can be scrubbed with a soft brush. After cleaning, you can gently wring it out and place it in a cool and ventilated place to dry. Do not expose it to the sun or dry it to avoid wrinkles due to overcooking.

Wool viscose blending:

The purpose of blending is to reduce the cost of wool fabrics without reducing the style of wool fabrics due to the mixing of viscose fibers. The mixing of viscose fiber will significantly worsen the strength, wear resistance, especially wrinkle resistance, fluffiness and other properties of the fabric. Therefore, the viscose content of combed wool fabrics should not exceed 30, and the viscose fiber content of carded wool fabrics should not exceed 30%. It should not exceed 50.

T/R fabric:

T/R fabric is polyester-viscose blended fabric. Polyester-viscose blend is a highly complementary blend. Polyester and viscose are not only available in cotton and wool types, but also in mid-length types. Wool type fabric is commonly known as "quick bus". When the polyester is not less than 50%, this blended fabric can maintain the characteristics of polyester that are strong, wrinkle-resistant, dimensionally stable, washable and wearable. The mixing of viscose fiber improves the breathability of the fabric and improves the resistance to melt holes; it also reduces the pilling and antistatic phenomena of the fabric.

The polyester/viscose blend ratio is mostly 65/35 or 67/33. Polyester/rich blends are the same as polyester/viscose.

The characteristics of this type of blended fabric are that the fabric is smooth and clean, brightly colored, has a strong wool texture, has good elasticity and good hygroscopicity; but it has poor ironing resistance.

High-density NC fabric:

High-density NC fabric is a kind of fabric that is blended or interwoven with nylon (nylon) and cotton yarn. It has a large warp and weft density and generally adopts a horizontal weave. This product combines the advantages of nylon and cotton yarn. The wear resistance of nylon ranks first among natural fibers and chemical fibers. Nylon has good hygroscopicity, and its wearing comfort and dyeing performance are better than polyester. Therefore, blending or interweaving nylon and cotton yarn will not reduce the hygroscopicity and wearing comfort of cotton yarn. , nylon is lighter, while cotton yarn is heavier. After the two are interwoven or blended, the weight of the fabric can be reduced; nylon has excellent elasticity, and after being blended or interwoven with cotton yarn, the elasticity of the fabric is improved;

NC fabric The disadvantages are: due to the participation of nylon in interweaving or blending, the fabric has poor heat resistance and light resistance. During use, pay attention to the conditions for washing and ironing to avoid damage. Its most notable style features: not easy to wear, soft and comfortable, and easy to clean. Do not expose to the sun or wring out.

TENCEL fabric:

Tencel, a new viscose fiber, also known as LYOCELL viscose fiber, its trade name is TENCEL Silk.

Tencel is produced using ammonium oxide-based solvent spinning technology, which is completely different from the previous production methods of viscose fiber. Because it is produced by solvent spinning technology, it is completely different from the previous production methods of viscose fiber. Because the solvent can be recycled and is ecologically harmless, it is also called 21st century viscose fiber. The composition of Tencel is fiber diesel, and its production raw materials are trees in nature.

The main features are: high wet strength (higher than cotton fiber) and wet modulus higher than cotton. It has the good hygroscopicity of viscose fiber and the high strength of synthetic fiber. Tencel fabric has good dimensional stability, small washing shrinkage, soft fabric and silky luster. When there is temperature, Tencel fabric will expand. It acts like a barrier and can prevent the intrusion of rain and snow while still maintaining its breathability. Silk fabric has the same comfort as natural fibers. Clothes made of Tencel are snug and soft, can be washed in a variety of ways, and still remain soft and will not lose shape. Hand wash, do not use bleach, dry in the shade, do not wring out.

Polyester-cotton blended fabrics:

At present, most polyester-cotton blended fabrics use a blending ratio of 65/35. The two fibers can complement each other and are easy to process. Polyester-cotton blended fabrics are lightweight, crisp, easy to wash and quick-dry, anti-shrink, anti-wrinkle, and durable.

Supplementary information:

1. What is Lycra? (Lycra)

Lycra? is a kind of artificial elastic fiber, and its chemical name is segmented polyurethane. It is a block molecular chain composed of flexible segments and rigid segments. It is this molecular structure that gives the fiber long-lasting and reliable elasticity. Lycra is a filament-like fiber composed of a bundle of tiny fibers. It can be stretched to 4 to 7 times its original length under the action of external force, and returns to its original shape after the external force is released. It is this extraordinary stretch and recovery performance that revolutionizes all fabrics. Clothes containing Lycra are not only comfortable and fit to wear, and can move freely, but also have strong wrinkle recovery capabilities, making the clothes durable and not deformed.

Lycra? cannot be used alone. It is always used as an added ingredient and is combined with other fibers such as cotton, wool, silk, linen, polyester, nylon, Tencel, and leather with extraordinary affinity to Improves the look, feel and movement of fabrics.

2. What is Modal? (Modal)

Modal is a high wet modulus cellulose fiber developed by Austrian Lenzing Company. The raw material is European beech wood, which is made into wood pulp and then spun into fiber. Because the raw materials of this product are all natural materials, they are 100% natural fiber, which is harmless to the human body, can be decomposed naturally, and is harmless to the environment. Its advantages are: silky shine and drape, extremely soft. Excellent dyeability and bright color, the color remains bright after repeated cleaning.

Modal is a cellulose regenerated fiber with a high moisture modulus. This fiber is produced according to a specialized spinning process using high-quality wood pulp. Fabrics made of modal fiber exhibit a silk surface. Gloss, when mixed with cotton, it will produce a luster similar to mercerization process, which has a pleasant soft touch feeling and drape and excellent durability

3. What is air conditioning fiber? (Outlast)

Air-conditioning fiber technology was developed by NASA for the moon landing program. The purpose was to make lunar landing clothing for astronauts, and later developed into the use of ordinary clothing. Air-conditioning fiber is a new type of smart fiber. The key to its technology is the use of heat-sensitive phase change materials wrapped in microcapsules. This material has the function of absorbing, storing and releasing heat in the form of latent heat, and can respond to changes in the external ambient temperature. The skin responds accordingly and has a buffering effect on temperature changes.

Clothes made of air-conditioning fibers can be maintained at a comfortable temperature due to the existence of millions of phase change materials with energy conversion functions, which continuously use energy to regulate temperature. range, so air-conditioned fibers can be used to make clothing that is warm in winter and cool in summer.

Leather:

Refers to the process in which animal fur is tanned and dehaired to have a certain degree of flexibility, breathability, non-perishable and water-resistant structure.

1) Commonly used leathers:

A. Pig leather - large pores, every three holes are arranged in a group, arranged in a triangle, each group is far apart, and the surface is uneven , rough, economical leather.

B. Sheep leather - Goat leather is the best. The pores are oblate and arranged in the shape of fish scales. It feels soft and elastic and has a natural luster. However, it is more expensive and is mostly used for making clothes.

C. Cow leather - the leather is hard, divided into two types: cattle leather and buffalo leather. The pores of cattle leather are small and round, evenly distributed and dense. The leather surface is delicate, smooth and shiny, and the hand feels solid and rich. Elasticity, the surface of buffalo leather is uneven, the leather surface is rough, the pores are larger and rarer than cowhide, and the texture is looser than cowhide. It can be used to make a variety of leather goods, and the price is moderate.

2) Leather characteristics:

It is originally animal skin, so it has certain respiratory properties and can be breathable.

It is highly durable because its fiber has a multi-layered structure and is difficult to tear when pulled in one direction.

It is a natural protein and is resistant to high temperatures.

3) How to identify the quality of leather: First of all, the appearance requires full and natural luster without distortion. It should be soft to the touch, plump and elastic, with good air permeability and moisture absorption.

4) The difference between genuine leather and imitation leather:

The difference between genuine leather and imitation leather

The smell is a special leather smell, only the smell of plastic

It feels natural and sticky

There are slight differences in the color of the leather, but it is monotonous and the same

5) Leather care methods:

A. Do not soak in water for cleaning. You can use leather ointment to rub the leather.

B. Do not curl or twist.

C. Keep it in a dry and cool place.

D. Do not fold or compress it during storage to avoid deformation.

E. Wipe the belt buckle stained with water immediately with a dry cloth to avoid oxidation.

F. Do not put it together with chemicals such as acids and alkalis.

Sheepskin:

Sheepskin is a kind of natural leather. The fiber structure of goatskin is tight, the grain is fine, the skin is thin, and the pores are small. Sheepskin is softer than goatskin and has fine grain. Because natural leather is both hydrophilic and waterproof, it is also breathable and moisture permeable, and has good aesthetics.

Natural fur:

(Mink fur, otter fur, wool) Natural fur is an excellent cold-proof and warm clothing material. The fur and skin are soft, smooth and elastic.

Artificial fur:

It is a kind of cold-proof and warm material made of synthetic fiber as plush and properly treated.