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Wutong tree, also known as Qingtong, Tongma, deciduous tree, native to China, can be up to 12m high, the leaves are palmate, 3-7-lobed, bloom in summer, the flowers are small, yellowish-green, and the fruits split when they are ripe. Sycamore grows fast, the wood is suitable for making musical instruments, the bark can be used for paper making and rope making, the seeds can be eaten or extracted oil, due to its smooth trunk, large and beautiful leaves, it is a famous ornamental tree species. Ancient Chinese legend has it that the phoenix "does not roost unless it is in a wutong tree". Many of the legendary guqin are made of wutong wood, which plays an important role in Chinese culture. Writer Feng Zikai's article of the same name, "The Sycamore Tree," is a masterpiece. The sycamore has been introduced to Europe and the Americas as an ornamental tree.

Chinese name: Sycamore

Latin name: Firmiana simplex

Alias: Firmiana simplex

Alias: Firmiana simplex, Firmiana simplex

Boundary: Botany

Portal: Angiosperms

Planta: Dicotyledons

Objects: Mallorypods

Family: Sycamoreaceae

Genus: Sycamore

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Chinese Sycamore

Basic Information

Species Name Sycamore

Chinese aliases Qingtong, Chinese Sycamore, Tong Ma.

Latin scientific name Firmiana platanifolia

English name Phoenix Tree

Family classification Plantae, Angiospermae, Dicotyledonae, Mallotae, Sycamoreae, Sycamore

Morphological features

Wutung tree (Figure 2)

Wutung trees are deciduous tree, up to 12m high; its leaves are lime green and smooth. Leaves are cordate, palmately 3-5-lobed, 15-30cm in diameter, lobes triangular, apically acuminate, base cordate, both surfaces glabrous or slightly pubescent, basal veins 7, petiole as long as the leaf blade. Panicles terminal, ca. 20-50cm long, lower branches up to 14cm long, flowers lavender; calyx 5-parted several times to the base, sepals striped, outwardly curled, 7-9mm long, outside lenticular yellowish pubescent, inside surface lenticular pilose only at the base; pedicels and flowers several times as long as the pedicel; androgynophore of male flowers and calyx as long as the lower part of the thicker, glabrous, anthers 15 irregularly aggregated in the androgynophore apical part, degraded. Ovary pyriform and very small; ovary of female flowers globose, covered with hairs. Follicles are membranous, stalked, dehiscent before maturity, 6-11cm long, 1.5-2.5cm wide, shortly velutinous or glabrous outside, with 2-4 seeds per follicle; the seeds are rounded and wrinkled on the surface, about 7mm in diameter, flowering in June.

Growth and distribution

The Chinese sycamore is mainly produced in Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hubei and other provinces, from Hainan Island in Guangdong to North China, Shandong, Beijing, Hebei are distributed. Also distributed in Japan, North Korea, South Korea. Mostly cultivated. Born in warm, moist environments; cold-resistant, resistant to drought and barrenness. The summer bark does not tolerate the hot sun. Grows better on sandy soil.

Geographical Distribution

Produced in China's northern and southern provinces, planted from Hainan Island in Guangdong to northern China. It is also distributed in Japan. Mostly cultivated. The main breeding bases are in the Yangtze River Basin, and it is cultivated in most parts of the country. The main bases are Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Shandong, Hunan, etc.

Growth characteristics

Wutong tree like light. Prefer warm climate, not cold. Born in fertile, moist sandy loam, alkali. Root fleshy, intolerant of water damage, deep-rooted, stout roots; sprouting force is weak, generally should not be pruned. Growth is still fast, long life, can live more than a century. In the growing season by flooding 3 to 5 days will rot the roots to death. The leaves are late, and fall early in the fall. Leaves, flowers, roots and seeds can be used as medicine, and the seeds can be fried and pressed for oil. Strong resistance to a variety of toxic gases. Fear of virus disease, fear of big bag moth, fear of strong wind. Suitable for planting in the village side, house side, mountain slopes, limestone slopes and other places.

Cultivation techniques

Chinese sycamore leaves

Sycamore trees are commonly used in the sowing method of reproduction, cuttings, root splitting can also be. Harvested in the fall when the fruit is ripe, dried and threshed in the fall of the year after sowing, can also be sand to the following spring sowing. Strip sowing row spacing of 25cm, mulch thickness of about 1.5cm. per mu sowing amount of about 15kg. sand seed germination is more neat, 4 to 5 weeks after sowing germination. Dry storage seeds often germinate unevenly, can be before sowing first with warm water soak seeds germination. Under normal management, the seedlings of the year can reach a height of more than 50cm, the following year, planting culture. Three-year seedlings can be out of the nursery. The planting location should be selected in a high and dry place, the hole is applied to the base fertilizer, set dry, and then sealed with wax to the saw kerf. Pay attention to sycamore woodlouse, frost moth, spiny moth and other insect pests, available petroleum emulsion, dichlorvos, Rogaine, methamidophos and other control. In the north, young trees should be wrapped in straw rope to prevent cold in winter. Fertilizer is applied once in winter and once in early spring.

Pest control

The main pests and diseases of the green tung tree are green tung woodlouse, cotton leaf borer and so on

Green tung woodlouse

Tung woodlouse, also known as sycamore woodlouse, is the main pest of the green tung tree. The woodlouse sucks the sap on the backs of sycamore leaves or young branches and trunks as a caterpillar or adult, destroying the thinning tissue, especially young trees are

easy to suffer, causing the whole plant to yellow and the tops to wither in severe cases. If the white cotton wool-like wax secreted by the insects, the leaf surface stomata blocked, affecting the normal respiration and photosynthesis of the leaves,

so that the foliage pale and shriveled symptom, when the wind, the white wax filaments fluttering with the wind, the shape of the fog, flocculent drift down, people accidentally touched the feeling of sticky, there is a stench, and

it is very difficult to clean. Serious pollution of the surrounding environment, affecting the appearance of the city.

Control methods:

Chemical control, in mid- to late May, you can spray 10% aphids net powder 2,000 to 2,500 times, 2.5% imidacloprid 1,000 times or 1.8% abamectin 2,500 to 3,000 times.

Pay attention to the protection and utilization of parasitic wasps, ladybugs, lacewings and other natural enemy insects.

Cotton leaf borer

Larvae roll the leaves into a cylinder, hiding in which to eat the leaves into the notch or hole. Serious eat all the cotton leaves, continue to harm the boll bracts or buds, affecting the growth and development of cotton plants.

The host In addition to the cotton, but also for the amaranth, marshmallow, marshmallow, abutilon, hibiscus, cottonwood and so on.

Methods of control:

Crush the larvae and pupae inside the rolled leaves by hand.

Larvae occurrence stage, spray 40% Rogaine emulsion 1500 times or 5% imidacloprid emulsion 2000 to 3000 times or 25% methomyl 3 3000 to 4000 times, every 7 to 10 days.

Sycamore classification

French sycamore

French sycamore

World-famous street tree - French sycamore, can often be seen in Chinese parks and along the side of the road. Now in China from Dalian, Beijing, Hebei, west to Shaanxi, Gansu, southwest to Sichuan, Yunnan, south to Guangdong and the eastern coastal provinces are cultivated. In Nanjing, the people are referred to it as "FATUNG" or "Fawu", but it is neither the sycamore tree, nor from France, and we often say that the sycamore tree actually refers to the "Chinese Indus". "

People have been talking about the Chinese sycamore for years.

People used to say "French sycamore" is just a kind of bellflower. Originally, a genus of bellflower 8 species, native to North America, Mexico, the Mediterranean and India. Introduced into our country planted 3 kinds. Bellflower infructescence stalk of the fruit, some 1 fruit ball, some 2 fruit ball, some more than 3 fruit ball, so the name is different, respectively, called a ball of bellflower, two ball of bellflower and three ball of bellflower, which is three different species. Lilly's story summarizes them as follows:

Platanus occidentalis, native to North America, commonly known as the "American Sycamore" or "American Tongue")

Platanus acerifolia, native to North America, commonly known as the "American Sycamore" or "American Tong")

The two-globe berry (Platanus acerifolia, Platanus acerifolia, Platanus acerifolia). Platanus acerifolia, commonly known as "British Sycamore" or "English Tong")

Three-ball Platanus orientalis, native to southeastern Europe, India, commonly known as the "French Sycamore". (Platanus orientalis, native to southeastern Europe, India, commonly known as the "French sycamore" or "Fagus")

Why is the bellflower called "French sycamore"? Originally, this tree, the leaves like sycamore, and was mistaken for sycamore. 17th century, in Oxford, England, people with a ball of bellflower (also known as the American sycamore) and three ball of bellflower (also known as the French sycamore) as a parent, hybridized into two ball of bellflower, named "British sycamore". Because it is a hybrid, there is no origin. After extensive cultivation in Europe, the French brought it to Shanghai, planted in Xiafei Road (now Huaihai Zhong Road as a street tree). People called it "French sycamore", and it was regarded as a sycamore tree.

I believe that many children who grew up or played in Nanjing, will be the fruit of the French sycamore to play (1925, in honor of Dr. Sun Yat-sen and the preparation of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, planted on both sides of Zhongshan Road and Mausoleum Road, that is, French sycamores, and then in the national government's planning, Nanjing had up to 200,000 French sycamore trees). One is to break off the hairs on the fruit and blow, the second is a layer of netting on the seeds, the children have taken it down and said it is a small fishing net. French sycamore trees in the summer under the tree can often be seen "hanging ghost", entomology called "Demoiselle moth" or "bag moth", this insect will use twigs and leaves to spit silk woven into a bag to protect themselves, will spit silk from the tree to protect the tree. This insect will use twigs and leaves to weave a bag of silk to protect itself, and will hang down from the tree with its silk. If you have chickens at home, you can catch them and cut open the strawberry bag and feed the insects to the chickens.

Botanically, French sycamore (three-ball bellflower) belongs to the deciduous large trees, up to 35 m. Branches to carry out

Sycamore

, the crown is broad, long oval. The bark is gray-green or gray-white, flaky and deciduous. Stalks under the buds, simple leaves alternate, large, palmately 5 to 9-lobed, densely stellate pilose when young, and then fall off. Flowering April to May, heads globose. Seed cones pendulous, usually 2 in a bunch. fruits ripe in September-October, nut base with long hairs. Deciduous tree, up to 35m high; branches spreading, broad crown; bark gray-green, irregular flaky peeling, peeling pink-green, smooth. Leaf blade triangular, 9-15cm long, 9-17cm wide, 3-5 palmately divided, with irregularly pointed and undulate teeth on the margin, base truncate or subcordate, with stellate hairs when young, then nearly glabrous. Globose inflorescences 2.5-3.5 cm in diameter, usually in bunches of 2, like hanging bells; flowers ca. 4 mm; sepals 4; petals 4; male flowers; male flowers with 4-8 stamens; female flowers with 6 separated carpels. Flowering in May, fruit ripening in September to October.

Chinese Wutong

The real Wutong (Firmiana simple) or "Chinese Wutong" is a plant of the genus Wutong in the family Wutong, the English name Phoenix Tree, alias Qingtong, Tong Ma, also belongs to the deciduous tree, up to 15m high; the trunk is straight, the bark is green, smooth. Smooth. Native to China, north and south provinces are cultivated, but also for the ordinary street trees and garden green ornamental trees.

"Flower Mirror": "Wutong, also known as the Green Tong. Skin as green as emerald, the leaves are missing as flowers, Yanya Hua net. April flowering yellow, small as jujube flowers. May, June, the seeds, the tip of three inches long, five prongs synthesized, the son adorned with it, more than five, six, less than two, three, as big as soybeans."

Chinese sycamore it likes light, like deep moist soil, fast growth. The fruit is divided into five schizocarp, schizocarp ripening before the split in the shape of a small boat, the seeds are born on the edge. China produces two kinds of sycamore, one is sycamore. One is the Yunnan sycamore. Yunnan sycamore bark rough, gray-black, leaf margins generally three-lobed.

Chinese sycamore tree is tall and sturdy, the trunk without knots, upward helicopter, high with an emerald-like turquoise umbrella, imposing. Bark smooth green, dense foliage, from the branch to the branch, a lush, elegant and clean look, no wonder people call it "Qingtong" la. "A plant green jade standing, a thousand leaves green cloud committee", these two lines of poetry, the Chinese sycamore's blue leaf green trunk, the shade of the scenery interest written to the fullest.

The Chinese sycamore is also a beautiful ornamental plant, decorated in the garden, in front of the house, also planted as street trees. Leaves palmate, split like flowers. Summer flowering, monoecious, small flowers, yellowish green, panicle, blooming looks bright and bright. Folklore, the phoenix likes to perch on the sycamore tree, Li Bai also has "would rather know luan and phoenix intention, far from the chair in front of the tree" of the poem. In fact, this is just a hope for a better life.

Chinese sycamore also has an interesting one, Li's story for you to explain: Chinese sycamore can "know the leap", "know the fall". Said it on each branch, 12 leaves in a normal year, 6 leaves on one side, and 13 leaves in a leap year. This is an accidental coincidence of deduction, there is no such natural law. As for the "know autumn" is a kind of weather and law, "wutong a leaf fall, the world all know autumn", both rich in science, but also poetic.

The bark of the Chinese sycamore is green and smooth. Leaves cordate, palmate 3 ~ 5-lobed, 15 ~ 30cm in diameter, lobes triangular, apical acuminate, base cordate, both surfaces are glabrous or slightly pubescent, basal veins 7, petiole and leaf blade length. Panicle terminal, ca. 20-50cm long, lower branches up to 12cm long, flowers yellowish green; calyx 5-parted several times to the base, sepals bar-shaped, outwardly curled, 7-9mm long, outside yellowish pubescent, inside surface pilose only at the base; pedicels and flowers several times as long as the pedicel; androgynophore of male flowers and calyx