How is heatstroke and heat exhaustion? Is hyperthermia all heatstroke? What's the difference between heatstroke and fever? How much water is enough to drink? What else should I do? Let's have a look.
What is heatstroke?
Heat stroke refers to that the patient's core body temperature is higher than 40–41c due to exposure to high temperature, accompanied by central nervous system disorder. Usually, patients don't sweat because of the problem of body temperature regulation. Other symptoms include: headache, dizziness, fatigue, dry and hot skin, rapid pulse, low blood pressure, unconsciousness, convulsions and even coma.
Children often suffer from heatstroke due to other diseases (gastroenteritis dehydration, diabetes, heart disease, high thyroxine) or because they can't escape from high heat environment. Some athletes or soldiers may suffer from heatstroke after strenuous exercise in high temperature and high humidity. The report points out that the mortality rate is between1–15%, so it must not be ignored.
What is the difference between heat exhaustion and heatstroke?
The name of Heat exhaustion looks more serious than Heat stroke, but it is actually less serious than heat stroke. There is a vague zone between the two diagnoses, which means that the body is overheated and sweats a lot, losing water and electrolytes, resulting in insufficient peripheral blood circulation. The symptoms include: fever but body temperature ≦ 40 C, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, pallor, cold skin and pulse. Usually, there will be obvious improvement in 30 minutes after infusion treatment, and the coma part can be awake quickly. Heat failure needs to be found and treated as early as possible to avoid progressing to heatstroke. (To avoid heatstroke, pay attention to the heat index-lazy bag)
Why are children more prone to heatstroke?
Children are more prone to heatstroke for several reasons.
1, children's metabolic rate is high.
2, the body surface area is larger, and the range of absorbing heat energy is larger.
3. The total blood volume and cardiac output of the body are less.
4. It is easier to replenish insufficient water.
5. The body adjusts to the thermal environment slowly.
Therefore, children should pay more attention to replenish water when exercising and avoid exercising at high temperature for a long time.
How much water is enough to drink?
Because each child's weight is different, if the activity consumption is not calculated, the algorithm for supplementing the sweat consumption and the water needed for basal metabolism for one day is as follows:
◆1–10 kg: per kg 100 ml?
(e.g. 8 kg: 800 ml)
◆11–20kg: 1000 ml+(kg–10) x 50ml?
(e.g.15kg: 1000+250 = 1250 ml)
◆ More than 21kg: 1500 ml+(kg–20) x 20ml?
(e.g. 25 kg:1500+100 =1600 ml)
As for the exercise water, it needs to be calculated separately. The American Children's Medical Association suggests that children should be supplemented with water before, during and after exercise, so as to effectively avoid dehydration or heatstroke. Remember to drink warm water (15–21℃) and water should be supplemented every15–30 minutes. Drinking water when thirsty will not be able to supplement 0–
When children lose more than 1%, it is called excessive dehydration, which will affect sports performance and health. Weight loss is greater than 3-5% of body weight, body temperature will rise, and the chance of heatstroke will increase! The following table lists in detail the algorithm of water supplement before, during and after exercise. ?
What diseases can fever have besides heatstroke?
There are many diseases with fever and unconsciousness. Doctors will comprehensively analyze and judge the medical history (whether there is exposure to high temperature environment or special diseases) and symptoms. Therefore, patients suspected of heatstroke should seek medical treatment at once. The following are some diseases to be differentiated and diagnosed:
1, patients with infectious diseases (pneumonia, cellulitis, urinary tract infection, etc.) will also have high fever, especially children will be drowsy and their vitality will drop suddenly, but the differences of heatstroke are: there is no history of exposure, the body temperature is less than 4 1 degree, and there will be other common symptoms of infectious diseases, such as respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract and so on.
2, central nervous system infection, stroke, bleeding, brain trauma will also have similar manifestations, because when it affects the hypothalamus, it will also cause abnormal thermoregulation, resulting in Hyperthermia.
3, drug poisoning (cocaine, amphetamines, * * *, salicylic acid, anti-parasympathetic drugs ...) will also affect the thermoregulatory center, and even multiple organ failure.
4, thyroid storm, when hyperthyroidism will also have a fever, rapid heartbeat, heart failure, restlessness or coma, these patients usually have a history of hyperthyroidism.
Emergency treatment of heatstroke patients
What should patients who encounter heatstroke do? Don't panic. Besides contacting 1 19 for medical treatment as soon as possible, there are five simple and important steps that you can do first:
1, move the patient to the shade, lie flat and raise your feet (if you have vomiting, please lie on your side first and adopt a resuscitation posture).
2. loose your clothes.
3. Wipe your body with wind or water, soak your body in cold water, or ice the groin of your armpit neck with ice cubes to dissipate heat.
4. If the consciousness is clear, let the patient drink water or dilute sports drinks.
5. Send the doctor as soon as possible.
Preventing heatstroke is very important!
The high-risk groups prone to heatstroke include: the elderly, infants and young children, patients (including patients with heart disease and hypertension), overworked or athletic people, and overweight people. Especially children often have too much fun to replenish water regularly, so parents need to pay more attention. In addition, in order to prevent heatstroke, please pay attention to the following six points before going out for activities, so as to avoid heatstroke:
1, wearing light-colored breathable clothes.
2, diligent sun protection.
3. Reduce direct sunlight.
4. Keep the environment cool and ventilated.
5, often add water.
6. Take regular breaks.