The period from fruit picking to defoliation is the key period for peach tree nutrition accumulation and flower bud differentiation. The management quality in this period will directly determine the wintering and cold-proof ability of peach trees, the growth and fruit in the coming year, and then affect the yield and quality of peach trees.
Some varieties of peach trees have entered the dog days after picking, so the field management of this orchard can be divided into four aspects:
First, pest control:
After peaches are harvested, there will still be residues of pests and diseases in the orchard.
Common pests in summer include aphids, red spiders, leaf rollers and so on. It is suggested that thiamethoxam/acetamiprid+pyridaben+perchlorate should be used for control to reduce the number of pests in orchards.
In terms of diseases, bacterial perforation and gummosis of peach trees mostly occur after rain. Bacterial perforation can be prevented and treated with 32% ethylicin or Zhongshengmycin.
The key point of gummosis is to remove gummosis manually, and smear the peach tree wound with sulfur mixture or 32% ethylicin. Wound and rain are the key conditions of the disease.
Second, fertilizer and water management:
After peach harvest, fertilizer and water management is also the basis of peach management. In particular, fruit trees with many fruits and weak tree vigor must be fertilized in time to restore tree vigor and make a good nutritional reserve for next year's flowering and fruiting.
foliage dressing
20-20-20 balanced water-soluble fertilizer 15-20kg can be used per mu to promote flower bud differentiation and restore tree vigor.
Root application of base fertilizer
In September, the new shoots of peach trees stopped growing, nutrients flowed back to the branches and roots of fruit trees, and the growth of roots ushered in a new peak. According to the age of the tree, 40-80 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 0.75- 1.5 kg of compound fertilizer are applied to the bottom of each peach tree.
In addition, in Taoyuan in many places in Shandong, the upper leaves of peach trees are yellow and iron deficiency is serious. It is necessary to supplement the foliar fertilizer of medium and trace elements in time according to the actual situation in various places.
Third, reasonable pruning.
After the peach harvest, we need to prune the trees reasonably, mainly by adjusting the reasonable tree structure, increasing the ventilation and transparency of the park, and ensuring that the trees receive good light.
In addition, tree pruning can also adjust nutrient distribution, effectively reduce the dryness of inner cavity branches, improve the utilization rate of inner cavity branches and increase the fruiting parts of peach trees.
Pruning of peach fruit after picking mainly includes bud wiping, branch thinning and pruning. We need to erase the dense branches, double-bud branches and multi-bud branches in time, keep only one branch, and sparse the dense branches, upright branches and flourishing branches to lay the foundation for high yield in the coming year.
Fourth, loosen the soil and clear the garden.
After picking peaches, intertillage, loosen the soil and weed in time. According to the experience of the doctor of agriculture, the depth of intertillage should be 10- 15 cm, neither too deep nor too shallow.
For peach orchards built on flat land, low-lying land and with many weeds, attention should also be paid to drainage in rainy season, and weeds should be removed in time to avoid a large amount of water accumulation on the surface.
At the same time, we also need to remove the fallen fruits and leaves and take them out of the orchard for centralized treatment to reduce the residue of pests and diseases in the orchard.
abstract
After peach harvest, if management is not paid attention to, peach trees are prone to premature aging, which will not only affect the longevity of peach trees, but also cause yield reduction in the following year.
Therefore, the post-harvest management of peach trees must be done well, so as to grow high-quality and high-yield peaches and obtain the best economic benefits.