Historically, Bashu area, Hanzhong area and Guanzhong area were the battlegrounds of China's ancient feudal dynasty.
Basic introduction Chinese name: Bashu mbth: Bashu geographical scope: Sichuan and Chongqing and its nearby local governments: Ba, Shu, Shu Han, Qian Shu, Hou Shu and other cultural sub-regions: Bashu culture: Sichuan dialect, Sichuan cuisine, Sichuan opera and other administrative divisions: Chongqing, Sichuan Province and other Bashu people: Bashu legend is one of the legends of Han nationality, legend 2: Bashu, pre-Qin period, Qin dynasty destroyed Bashu, Bashu county, Bashu county. They split into two branches when they moved out. One is Lin Junba. They are Ba people who migrated to Qingjiang River in Hubei Province along the Hanjiang River basin. They live in Zhongli Mountain (also known as Nanliu Mountain, Changyang County, Hubei Province). According to legend, Lin Junba has five surnames and lives in Zhongli Mountain (also known as Nanliushan, Changyang County, Hubei Province). There are two spots on the mountain, red and black. Pap lives in the red dot, and the other four surnames live in the black dot. They decided to elect a leader to unify the five surnames and make it easier for them to survive. How to choose a method? Let's throw away the sword first, and whoever can get the hole will be the boss. As a result, the Pakistani people are congenial, but the rest are not; In a boat race, the boat was made of mud. People with four surnames all sank when they sat on it, and only Wu Xiang's boat floated on the water. Everyone agrees that Wu Xiang, the son of Baliren, is a leader, nicknamed "Lin Jun". After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Japanese monarch was destroyed by Chu. The other is Ba people who moved south along Jialing River. That is, the Ba people who later helped the Zhou Dynasty and the Han Dynasty to settle in Sanqin. When Dayu was in charge of water control, the Ba people joined Shu and became the "Bashu country", which was later called the land of Bashu by historians and geographers. At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, the Ba people were named viscount country, that is, bazi country. After the country of Bazi, it was destroyed by Qin. Ba county was established after Qin dynasty destroyed Ba. The county governs Jiangzhou (Chongqing). Pakistan's early migration map shows that Pakistanis mainly hunt and fish, deal with wild animals, live in caves and take tigers as totems. When he led the tribe through the sun, the local "goddess" tried every means to keep him, marry him and rule the area together. He was unmoved, shot the goddess who loved him and led the tribe to move on. Lin Jun led a tribe with five surnames to the southwest by boat. Later, their descendants spread all over Chongqing, eastern Sichuan, western Hubei and northeastern Guizhou. During the Warring States Period, a Pakistani state centered on Jiangzhou (now Chongqing, China) was established. He and Ba Man Zi, who later "beheaded his head to protect the soil", are both national heroes of Ba people, reflecting their tenacity and integrity. The ancestors of Shu people were "Can Cong" and "Yufu". Shu is connected with the bracelet, that is, the wild silkworm. Can Cong's eyes are vertical. He lives in a cave at the foot of Minshan Mountain. Can Cong, Bai Zhi and Yu Fu are all centenarians, and they are immortal. His main achievement is "teaching people to raise silkworms". There are many stories about this from the biography of Shu Wang to the folk oral stories in western Sichuan today. Old man yufu, originally a kind of fishing waterfowl, is the totem of ancestors and tribes of Shu people in mythology. There are many stories and relics about yufu in Wenjiang county now. Shu people have the most beautiful and widespread story about Du Yu. History books say that "the seven kingdoms are kings, Du Yu is emperor", and posthumous title is Wang Di. It was in the Spring and Autumn Period before 666 BC. It is said that Du Yu "fell from the sky" and his wife came out of the well. His greatest achievement is to "teach the people to farm", so that he became a cuckoo after becoming an immortal. Every spring comes, he crows and urges the people to sow in spring, so that they cry and bleed. The ancestors of Shu people, from Can Cong, who taught people to raise silkworms, to Yu Fu, who taught people to fish, and to Du Yu, who taught people to farm, all had a certain relationship with agricultural production. Agriculture is more developed, women's status is higher, and there are many things between men and women. Therefore, it is said that Du Yu, the most respected ancestor of Shu people, had an affair with Master Roshi's wife when he led troops to control water. One theory is that he "thought his virtue was inferior to that of Master Roshi", learned of Yao's demise and left the country; Another way of saying this is that Master Roshi forcibly drove him away, so there are sentences like "Who is the soul of Shu who has been complaining for thousands of years" and "Like complaining about the death of the country" in later poems. "Sichuan Tongzhi" has the saying that "Wang Di wanted to reset after fleeing and died as a cuckoo". Li Shangyin's poem "Wang Chunxin's cuckoo cries" may imply this point. The story of Wang Di becoming a cuckoo is only briefly recorded in Biography of the King of Shu, but many beautiful and moving stories come from folklore. Make him an ideal king. Some people say that he serves the people wholeheartedly and cares for talents. In order to control the water, he invited turtle steps and gave the throne to turtle steps. However, after taking power, Kamei became proud day by day and did not know how to show sympathy for the people. The people asked the emperor to persuade the turtle. The tortoise not only refused to listen, but also thought that Wang Di wanted to fight for power and led his troops to beat him. He had to go back to the western hills, turn into a bird, fly into the palace and shout, "People are expensive!" " ! People are expensive! "Blood, lipstick (cuckoo red mouth). The tortoise was moved and corrected his mistake. Legend 2: In ancient times, the old dragon king in the upper reaches of Minjiang River had a son and a daughter. His son is a dragon. He often makes waves and causes great floods. My sister, Dragon Lady, was very sad when she saw it, so she took advantage of the night to open a gap 100 feet wide at the foot of Lingyun Mountain to let the water flow away. My brother found out, put her in a cave and sent a tiger to protect her. At the foot of this mountain, there was a young hunter, Du Yu. He got a walking stick from God and was determined to kill the people. After a hard struggle, he conquered the dragon and tiger, rescued the dragon girl, got married, split the mountain and diverted water together, and eliminated the flood. Du Yu taught men to farm and women to raise silkworms, so Shu people lived a quiet life. Du Yu got the help of turtle spirit in water conservancy, and took it as a phase. But turtle spirit is an ambitious person. He framed Du Yu, drove him away, seized the throne, and wanted to occupy Dragon Sister. Long Mei only wanted Du Yu to come back, but refused to accept Master Roshi. Worried about Sister Dragon, Du Yu turned into a bird and flew to the window sill of the Dragon Lady, calling out, "Xinyang, Xinyang and Master Roshi are really heartless. "Because of Du Yu's trust in ChanZhiNa, according to the ancients, Xinyang. Long Mei was heartbroken to know that Du Yu had been hurt. She died soon and became a cuckoo. Husband and wife sing together every day: "spring is busy, spring is busy, sow quickly and harvest grain." Master Roshi, who "opened" the dynasty, replaced Du Yu. It is said that he floated up from Chu and was resurrected at the foot of Wenshan. Du Yu was appointed as Xiang and won the throne for his meritorious service in water control. Then the enlightened dynasty brought disaster because of lewdness. Legend has it that there is a "mountain god" in Wudu, and she has become a woman, so beautiful that no woman in Shu can compare with her. King Shu took her to Chengdu and took her as his concubine. She is not used to water and soil. She is ill and wants to go home. The king of Shu tried his best to make her happy, but she died. The king of Shu built a Wudang Mountain in the city to bury her (transporting the soil from his hometown to Chengdu from afar), and a large stone mirror was installed on the tomb as a souvenir. The story spread to the state of Qin, and King Hui of Qin knew that King Shu was lewd and gave him five beautiful women. King Shu sent five Ding Lishi to pick up five women through Shu Road. When they arrived in Zitong, they met a big snake drilling into the hole. One lux grabbed the snake's tail tightly and others helped him. With a bang, the mountain collapsed, and all five lux and five beautiful women were crushed at the foot of the mountain. The mountain is divided into five ridges, and there is a platform at the top of the mountain. King Shu came to the stage to offer condolences and named Five Blessingg's tomb. Later people called it the wife-thinking platform, and the world missed the Five Mountains and called it Wuding Mausoleum. The king of Qin later sent troops to destroy Shu along the road opened by Wuding. The legend of Du Fu is mainly in Shu, while the legend of goddess is the most popular in Pakistan. It first appeared in Shan Hai Jing, and Wang Song's Gao, Goddess Fu and Li Bai's Eight Sexy Poems all recorded her. Yao Ji, a fairy tale masterpiece in Du Guangting's Collection of Immortals in Yucheng, was the youngest daughter of the Queen Mother of the West. She led twelve sisters to play on the earth and helped Dayu control the flood. Give Dayu three volumes of gobbledygook and ask him to do it. She led her sisters against twelve dragons that caused floods. The dragon was beheaded and fell to the ground, becoming the Twelve Peaks. She also stayed in Wushan and became goddess peak. According to the Ba people, the goddess is a perfect goddess and is not allowed to be mixed with love stories. Song Yu's Gao Tang Mi said that she had a tryst with the king of Chu, which was a blasphemy. During this period, the communication between Bashu and Bashu, the communication between Bashu and the outside world increased, and there were naturally many struggles. Legends have created two images that can be called "national heroes". One is Pakistani Ba Man Zi, and the other is Wu Dingli of Shu. Huayang Guozhi recorded the legend of Ba Man Zi, which is still widely circulated in eastern Sichuan. The "General Cemetery" in the lotus pond of Chongqing Qixinggang and the "Tuzhu Temple" in Zhongxian are all in memory of him. According to legend, when Bashu invaded, General Man Zi asked Chu to send troops to help him, and promised to cede the three cities (including Zhongxian County) to Chu after pacification. When the world was at peace, the emissary of Chu came to ask for the establishment of the city. Man Zi said, the city can't give. Take my head. " Cutting off the head to protect the soil "is the origin of the" earth temple ". Every year on the fourth day of the third lunar month, it is said that Man Zi's head is cut off. People in Zhongxian marched with statues of Manchu couple and held temple fairs to commemorate this national hero. Wu Ding's story is widely circulated in western Sichuan, with different opinions, mostly related to the opening of Shu Road. When the king of Shu said that "the king of Shu has money", the king of Qin gave him five cows that could earn gold, and he sent five Ding Lishi to pick them up and put them in the ready-made Jinniu Dam. As soon as he said, "The King of Shu is lustful", the King of Qin gave him a beautiful woman, and he sent five tripods to pick her up, thus opening up the Shu Road, and the King of Qin seized the opportunity to destroy Shu. Bashu in the pre-Qin period of Ba State and Shu State is a regional name and a local regime name in the pre-Qin period. Mainly in today's Sichuan Province and Chongqing City. Ba (Chongqing) is in the east and Shu (Chengdu, Sichuan) is in the west. According to the records of Huayang National Records, the nationalities in Bashu area in the pre-Qin period were Pu, Yi, Ju, Gong, Slave, Liao, Yi, Yan, Yunnan, Liao and Bo, most of which were Bai Puzhi. A large number of unearthed cultural relics show that Bashu culture is another national culture different from the Central Plains. Especially its exquisite bronzes have local characteristics in modeling and decoration, but they are also influenced by the culture of the Central Plains. On the weapons and ancient seals belonging to the Warring States period, two kinds of characters that are different from Chinese characters and have not been interpreted so far have also been found. Archaeological findings also show that Shu entered the class society as early as the Yin and Zhou Dynasties. Legend has it that the earliest king of Shu was Can Cong, and The First Ji Shu recorded that "Can Cong began to live in Minshan Stone Room". Minshan is in Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. "Huayang Guozhi" also said: "Can Cong's eyes drooped and he died as a sarcophagus, so the old country people followed, so he used to use the sarcophagus as his tomb. "After Can Cong, the famous king was Du Yu, and his name was Wang Di. Its capital is located in the fertile soil of Longyi (now 20 kilometers northwest of Chengdu, Sichuan) and Qu (now south of Chengdu, Sichuan 10 kilometers). He "taught people to farm, and ... Ba also changed to teach to farm. Up to now (Jin Dynasty), Bashu people first farmed". Later, Master Roshi of Jing nationality went back to the river to find the emperor. When there was a flood in Shu, Master Roshi decided that Leiyushan would eliminate the flood disaster and reduce the water potential from the river, which was the pioneer of water control in Shu. Later, I regarded Zen as a turtle spirit and realized the emperor. The enlightened dynasty began around 666 BC, with Chengdu as its capital. Since then, Shu has gradually become stronger. He once attacked Qin to its capital, Yong (now Fengxiang South, Shaanxi Province), then took Nanzheng, and invaded Chu to Zifang (now Songzi, Hubei Province) in the east, and became the ally of Bashu. After that, Ba and Shu insisted. In 3 16 BC, King Huiwen of Qin sent Sima Cuo and Zhang Yi to destroy Shu. In the legend of Pakistan, the story of Yanwu five families in Yishui (now Qingjiang, Hubei) is the most famous (see Man). Lin Jun didn't sink in the mud boat, but shot Salt god. After his death, his soul became a white tiger. Therefore, people have the custom of worshipping tigers with others. During the Warring States Period, Hejian was destroyed by the State of Chu, who established a witch county in Bati. At the end of the Yin Dynasty, Bashu and Shu both took part in the war in Zhou Wuwang. Ba people have the famous "Bayu Dance" and "Song and Dance Touching People". Later, it was Wang Yin, and Zeng Lizong was based on Ba and gave his son a title. Probably, the country was established in the middle reaches of the Han River. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Ba had contacts with neighboring countries such as Qiang, Deng, Shen and Chu, and had a marriage relationship with Chu. However, it was later annexed by Chu State and became Hanzhong County of Chu State. At that time, there was a kind of bitter orange in Fuling area of eastern Chongqing, which was destroyed by Chu at the end of the Warring States Period. After Qin destroyed Shu, it also destroyed the state of Pakistan with Jiangzhou (now Chongqing) as its capital. Later, he took a large piece of land from the State of Chu and established Ba County. The Qin dynasty destroyed Ba and Shu, which prepared the conditions for further destroying Chu and unifying the six countries. Baxian and Shuxian Baxian are ancient county-level administrative divisions in China, which govern parts of eastern Sichuan and Chongqing. In the first year of Zhou Nanwang (before 3 14), Qin established Ba County, and the county ruled Jiangzhou County (Langzhong County was established first, then Jiangzhou County was moved to Jiangbei District of Chongqing). The county initially administered Jiangzhou (now Jiangbei District of Chongqing), Dianjiang (now Hechuan District of Chongqing), Langzhong, Jiangyang and Dangqu (Dangqu). In the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC), it was still located in Ba County. The following year, Jiangyang and Fuxian were changed to Guanghan County. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng (before 106), the 13th Division was established in Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, and Yizhou Division was established in Ba County. The county is still Jiangzhou County, which governs Jiangzhou (now Jiangbei District of Chongqing), Dianjiang (now Hechuan District of Chongqing), Langzhong, (now Nanchong, Sichuan), Guo Chong (now nanbu county, Sichuan) and Dangqu. During the Han Dynasty and Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty (89- 105), Xuanhan (Dazhou, Sichuan) and Hanchang (Bazhong, Sichuan) counties were added. In the first year of Xingping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (194), Liu Zhang, an animal husbandry in Yizhou, divided Ba County into three parts: Ba County north of Dianjiang River, Yongning County from Jiangzhou to Linjiang (now Zhongxian County in Chongqing), and Guling County from Yiren (now Yunyang County in Chongqing) to Yufu (now fengjie county in Chongqing). In the sixth year of Jian 'an (20 1), Yongning County was renamed Ba County, and the county ruled Jiangzhou County. Nanqi moved to Banan District of Chongqing. In the third year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (583), Ba County was abolished. In the third year of the Great Cause of Sui Dynasty (607), Yuzhou was changed to Ba County. In the first year of Tang Wude (6 18), Ba County was changed to Yuzhou. At this point, the name of Ba County is no longer used. Later, in the first year of Chongning in the Northern Song Dynasty (1 102), Yuzhou (now Chongqing) was renamed Duke Zhou. In the 16th year of the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 189), he was first crowned King Gong, then ascended to the throne, boasting "double happiness" and then promoted to Chongqing. The area around Chengdu, Shu County, was originally under the jurisdiction of the ancient Shu State. In the 4th century BC, Wang Mingkai V (or Ming Kai IX) of the ancient Shu kingdom moved its capital from Fanxiang Guangdu (now Huayang, Chengdu) to Chengdu. During the reign of King Hui of Qin, the Duke of Shu, who was sealed in Hanzhong, made friends with Pakistan, while Shu made friends with Pakistan, which caused the displeasure of Shu. "Huayang Guozhi" records: "In the past, the king of Shu gave his brother Hou in Hanzhong, and he was called Meng because of his life. This was Hou He's good idea, and Ba and Shu were enemies, so they were very angry and cut Shu. Chibumba, ask Qin for help. Qin sent Zhang Yi to attack Shu from the meridian. " Qin Wanghui destroyed Shu in 3 16 BC. King Hui of Qin also destroyed Kuang and Ba. In 3 16 BC, the state of Qin established Chengdu County. Shu was not calm when it was just annexed by Qin. In the first year of Zhou Nanwang (3 14 BC), Qin Hui, the prince of Shu, took Chen Zhuang (a work by Chen Zhuang) as the prime minister, and ruled Yazhou, Qiongzhou, Tongchuan and Old Chengdu in Sichuan, as well as the west of Jiange in Baoning House, that is, the ancient Shu State, and ruled today's Chengdu County. In the fourth year of Zhou Nanwang (365,438+065,438+0 BC) (six years in a row (309 BC), Chen Zhuang rebelled and killed the marquis of Shu, and Qin conquered Shu again. Qin sealed two more Shu Hou, but they didn't get along well with the king of Qin. In 277 BC, the State of Qin established Shu County as a county magistrate, and Chengdu was ruled by Shu County. The early Han dynasty inherited the Qin system. Although Emperor Gaozu controlled Ba and Shu, South China (now Yunnan, Guizhou and southern Sichuan) was out of the control of the Han Dynasty. Later, the Han Dynasty expanded to the periphery of Sichuan Basin and established a new county. Shu county was ruled as the national governor, and the Shu-Han regime was changed to county in the Three Kingdoms, so it was ruled in the west of Ya 'an County, Sichuan Province. Later generations from the Han Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty. In the second year of Tang Suzong to Germany (757), Shu County was chosen as the residence of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, and was promoted to the capital. Bashu has both historical sites and ethnic customs. Emei Mountain, Qingcheng Mountain, Xiling Snow Mountain, Fishing City, Jiuzhaigou Huanglong, Xingwen Stone Forest, Dazu Stone Carving, Longgang (the longest glass covered bridge in the world has been built) and Yunyang Zhangfei Temple are all fascinating with their unique natural scenery. Dujiangyan and Jianmen Shudao are brilliant achievements in artificially transforming nature. Leshan Giant Buddha (located on the west wall of Lingyun Mountain in the east of Leshan, Sichuan) is the largest stone Buddha in the world. A mountain is a Buddha, and a Buddha is a mountain. Wang Jian's Tomb, Liu Bei's Tomb, Wuhou Temple, Du Fu's Caotang and wangjiang tower park are all closely related to historical celebrities. Zigong is a "dinosaur nest", where dinosaur fossils are concentrated. Wolong Nature Reserve has attracted the world's attention because of the giant panda. Chengdu Qingyang Palace Flower Festival, Liangshan Yi Torch Festival and Northwest Sichuan Tibetan Tune Festival are all the focus of folk tourism. Yunyang Longgang Karst Geopark is the only giant sinkhole in the world with a slope of nearly 90 degrees and a cutting depth of the third place in the world, and is known as "the first altar in the world".
With a long history of 3,000 years, Bashu mountains and rivers are rich in tourism resources, including not only magnificent natural scenery integrating mountains, water, forests, springs, waterfalls, gorges and caves, but also rich cultural landscapes integrating Bashu culture, national culture, immigrant culture, Three Gorges culture, capital culture and urban culture. * * * There are more than 300 natural and cultural attractions, including World Cultural Heritage 1 (Dazu Stone Carving), World Natural Heritage 1 (Wulong Karst), National Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit 13, 6 national key scenic spots, 24 national forest parks, 6 national geological parks and 4 national nature reserves. In the Yuan Dynasty, Shuangliu people wrote "Life in China" and once said: "Chengdu is the best place to enjoy tourism, with a vast territory and a large population, rich products, which are vulgar and entertaining." Vulgar enjoyment is a major feature of Bashu people. Therefore, Bashu developed tourism customs very early and reached its peak in the Tang and Song Dynasties. As far as Chengdu is concerned, there are 23 fixed recreational activities all year round, such as swimming in rivers, mountains, temples or villages, and they are often group trips, which are combined with song and dance entertainment, sports competitions and commercial activities, with rich cultural connotations. Bashu mountains and rivers, known as "Xiongxian Youxiu" since ancient times: Emei is beautiful in the world, Qingcheng is quiet in the world, Jiange is dangerous in the world, and Kuimen is unique in the world. Today, through contemporary development, the characteristics of "magic and magnificence" have been added: the magic of Jiuzhaigou landscape, the magnificence of Huanglong landscape, the interest of panda world and the strangeness of dinosaur world, which are the greatest feelings of today's tourists. From the route, there are Jiuzhai, Huanglong, Siguniang Mountain and Gongga Mountain in the northwest, Jianmen Shudao in the north, Three Gorges scenery in the east, Longgang Geopark in the northeast, Bamboo Sea scenery in the south of Sichuan and Lugu Lake exploration in the south. The whole Bashu landscape layout is densely staggered, such as gold thread piercing pearls and pearls full of pots, and almost every county has tourist attractions. The most striking feature of Bashu tourist routes is the beautiful natural landscape, which often contains profound cultural connotations of Wenchang. For example, Jianmen Shudao is rich in the Shu-Han culture of the Three Kingdoms, the Wenchang culture of Zitong and the cultural connotation of Wu Zetian's hometown. Jiuzhai-Huanglong Line has the connotations of Qiang people's Shijie culture, Yu Xia culture, ancient Shu-Minshan culture and Three Kingdoms Shu-Han culture. Lugu Lake has the cultural connotation of "matriarchal kingdom"; The first line of Three Gorges is a treasure house of ancient culture. This is the enduring charm of Bashu tourism. Bashu dialect of Bashu culture-Sichuan dialect and Chongqing dialect belong to Southwest Mandarin. Southwest Mandarin is a branch of northern language family, and it is the main Chinese popular in Sichuan and Chongqing (Bashu area) and surrounding provinces. Southwest Mandarin has about1600,000 users, second only to Japanese and more than German. The current Southwest Mandarin was formed in the great migration movement of "Huguang filling Sichuan" during the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, and it was gradually evolved and merged by the Cuban Shu dialect popular in Sichuan before the Ming Dynasty and the immigrant dialects in Huguang, Guangdong and Jiangxi. Chengdu dialect is the standard pronunciation of Sichuan opera and various folk arts, and it is a branch of Sichuan dialect in Southwest Mandarin. At the same time, due to the barrier-free communication between Sichuan dialect areas, Sichuan dialect itself has no standard pronunciation. Local Opera-Sichuan Opera is lively in form, diverse in tunes, easy to understand, humorous in language, diverse in performances and strong in artistic effects, such as face changing, whirling and fire breathing. Sichuan dulcimer and Sichuan Yin Qing are the main forms of Quyi. The photo album is performed by one person behind the scenes, which can simulate all kinds of sounds and be lifelike. Humor plays combine Zhuang and harmony and can reflect the reality of life in time. Food culture-Sichuan cuisine is one of the eight major cuisines in China. Wide range of materials, rich flavor, rich color, characterized by spicy. Hot pot, chuanchuanxiang, kung pao chicken, Mapo tofu, Deng Ying beef and strange chicken nuggets are the most distinctive. There are many kinds of snacks, including Lai Tangyuan, Dandan Noodles, Douhua Noodles, Song Sao Noodles, Steamed Beef in a Small Cage, Egg Baked Cake, Spicy Noodles, Hechuan Peach Slice, Hechuan Meat Slice, Jiangjin Rice Sugar and Yunyang Peach Slice Cake. Customary beliefs include animism, belief in the main god, worship of big stones, ancestor worship, worship of white stones, worship of jumping gods, worship of white tiger-Tujia people, worship of arrow gods, worship of jumping Cao Gai, worship of Meishan gods, and worship of white bones. Bashu cultural division Bashu cultural division relies on Sichuan basin; Minshan Mountain and Daba Mountain are prohibited from going northward; Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau stand on the south and west edges; To the east, there are more obstacles; In the middle is the vast and rich Sichuan basin. Sichuan Basin is known as "the land of four rivers", with the main stream of Sichuan River and its first-class tributaries Jialing River, Minjiang River and Tuojiang River. More than 3,000 years ago, Chongqing was the capital of Pakistan, which was called "Pakistan" in ancient times. About 3000 years ago, Chengdu was the capital of Shu, and it was always considered as "Shu", so people used to call it the land of Bashu. Therefore, in the cultural and geographical division, it is called "Bashu Cultural Sub-area" in ancient sense. This cultural division relies on the Sichuan Basin, and the traditional farming economy is relatively developed. The situation around the basin in this area is dangerous, which is conducive to attack and defense militarily and has poor communication with the outside world, forming a unique regional culture. Sichuan opera is the main genre of Bashu local opera, which is vivid and humorous. Lei Zu, Gan Ning, Qin Liangyu, Zhuo Wenjun, Ba Man Zi, Li Bai, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Jiang Chaozong, Gong, Zou Rong, Yang Shukan, Wu, Guo Moruo, Zhang Daqian, Liu Xiang, Wang, Liu Bocheng, Shi Guangnan, Yang, Nie and Ba Jin.