Teaching design is an essential link for teachers to teach well and for students to learn well. In order to design a wonderful teaching of ancient poetry, teachers must first be quite familiar with ancient poetry, have a certain understanding and research on ancient poetry, and preferably have a unique experience and feeling about some of them, so as to try their best to guide students into the appreciation and taste of ancient poetry.
A large number of documents show that the current ancient poetry teaching pays attention to four aspects. First, the creative background; Second, analysis and understanding; Third, appreciation and experience; Fourth, reading aloud and reciting. These four aspects fully reflect the main contents of ancient poetry teaching. In the study of exploring effective classroom teaching of ancient poetry, the teaching design of ancient poetry in primary schools is divided into seven steps:
First, stimulate the introduction of interest, revealing the topic
The way of guiding ancient poetry is similar to that of reading teaching, that is, indirect guidance and direct guidance. Indirect guidance is to put forward the subject to be studied and write the subject on the blackboard by creating a certain teaching situation. There are many ways of indirect lead-in, such as story lead-in, question lead-in, preview lead-in, background lead-in, etc. No matter which lead-in method is related to the teaching content, it is a kind of bedding and foil for the teaching content. For example, I teach "My Hometown Couplet Book" by indirect introduction. The poem "Singing Willow" by the poet He Zhizhang who has already studied arouses students' representation of the poet, and then enters this lesson on the premise of enhancing children's curiosity. Direct instruction means directly defining the learning content, writing on the blackboard, putting forward learning requirements and learning new lessons. Just like "Boating in Guazhou" which I teach, we will enter the second group of learning from today. With today's learning, we will know a Song Dynasty poet, Wang Anshi, and learn a poem on the blackboard written by him today.
Second, the background introduction, knowing the poet.
The creation background of ancient poetry includes the background of the times, the poet's situation and mentality in creating this poem, etc. The profound historical and cultural background of ancient poetry is a good material for traditional cultural education and a typical embodiment of the humanity of primary school Chinese. Teachers can let students know the poet and his creative background by inquiring about materials before class, which can cultivate students' ability to collect and process information. Moreover, the new curriculum standard also points out that students' listening and speaking ability should be cultivated consciously by using all aspects of Chinese teaching, and various communication situations should be created in and out of class, so that each student can communicate freely in oral English. Therefore, handling this part of the teaching content well can not only increase historical knowledge, but also add interest to teaching.
For example, I introduce the background of the poem "Hometown Couplet Book" written by poet He Zhizhang in this session, and students will expand their imagination and gain emotional experience in this situation. Curriculum standards put forward higher requirements for senior reading accumulation: learning to browse, expanding knowledge, and collecting relevant materials as needed. I teach "Sauvignon Blanc" and let students communicate in this session. What do you know about Nalan Xingde? This not only cultivates students' active learning quality, but also trains students' listening and speaking ability and oral expression ability, and prepares them for the next step of learning and understanding ancient poems.
Third, learn independently and understand poetry.
"Chinese Curriculum Standard" will actively advocate the learning style of autonomy, cooperation and inquiry as one of the four concepts of Chinese curriculum. It is pointed out that Chinese teaching should stimulate students' interest in learning, pay attention to cultivating students' awareness and habits of autonomous learning, create a good autonomous learning situation for students, respect students' individual differences, and encourage students to choose their own learning methods. This requires teachers to create an open learning environment and create a relaxed and free classroom atmosphere. In this link, teachers should adopt flexible and diverse teaching strategies, organically combine "putting and helping", and guide students to learn ancient poems.
First of all, let it go boldly. First, let students freely discuss the methods of learning ancient poems, and then let them choose the learning methods that suit them to explore new knowledge and understand poetry. For problems that cannot be solved independently, students are encouraged to solve some specious problems through cooperation and help.
Guide students to use pictures, notes or other reference books in books to help them understand the meaning of poetry. Understanding the meaning of poetry should also guide students from the following aspects:
(1) Grasp the poetic eye
For example, Wang Wei's famous sentence is a stranger in a foreign land, and he misses his relatives every holiday. As long as we grasp a unique word, we can better understand the feelings of strangers in a foreign land; As long as we grasp a unique word, we can know the loneliness when we miss our relatives, and we can better understand the loneliness of the poet when he sees others reunited.
(2) Grasping words
For example, both the farewell poems "at hibiscus inn parting with xin jian" and "Send Two Envoys to Anxi" are written. As long as we grasp the key words in the poems, we can realize that the feelings of the poets when they bid farewell are different. "at hibiscus inn parting with xin jian" wrote: The cold rain entered Wu at night, and it was plain and clear to see off the guests in Chu Mountain. Friends, if Luoyang friends ask me to come; Just say that I still bing Xin Okho, adhere to faith! Words such as lonely ice on a cold night are used in it, from which we can see that the author's heart is full of sadness and desolation when he bid farewell to Xin gradually. Who is the farewell Xin gradually? Why are you so sad? Must have something to do with the poet's relatives and friends.
(3) Grasping poems
In a poem, there are always two key sentences, and some even become famous sentences. Then just grasp the key points and understand them. For example, but you widen your view three hundred miles and by going up one flight of stairs in at heron lodge. Lifting myself to look, I found that it was moonlight and sinking back again, I thought suddenly of home in Silent Night Thinking. I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, only because I am in this mountain.
(4) Grasping the topic of poetry
Some poems, from their titles, can tell what the whole poem is about. For example, Su Shi's Rain after Drinking Chu Qing on the Lake shows that the author is drinking on the West Lake (enjoying the scenery? Poetry? ) It was sunny at first, and then it rained. For example, if you don't look at the title of the poem "Seeing the Woods at Dawn in Jingci Temple", you will know that it is a lotus flower written in summer. But if you read the whole poem carefully in combination with the title of the poem, you will find that the author is lyrical by borrowing things and wrote infinite blessings for Lin Zifang to go to Beijing to be an official.
Fourth, recite poetry and imagine, and appreciate poetry.
Chinese curriculum standards point out that reading is a personalized behavior of students, and teachers' analysis should not replace students' reading practice. Students should be allowed to deepen their understanding and experience, feel and think, be influenced by emotions, gain ideological enlightenment and enjoy aesthetic pleasure in active thinking and emotional activities. Ancient poems are the cultural treasures of the Chinese nation, which are profound, concise and implicit. It has great aesthetic value including music, architecture, painting and artistic conception. The emotion of poetry should be experienced by students through reading aloud and appreciating. Therefore, after students understand the meaning of the whole poem and have a preliminary emotional experience, teachers should strike while the iron is hot, and with the assistance of modern teaching media, let students read aloud with emotion according to poetic imagination. Through point reading, evaluation reading, model reading and reading, acting reading enables students to read the stress and rhythm of poems, know how to grasp the priorities of poems, deepen the emotional experience of poets, and appreciate the thoughts and feelings endowed by poets to poems. In the process of learning ancient poems, teachers should pay attention to guiding students to imagine according to the meaning of the poem, enter the country with emotion, and strengthen emotional reading. In the process of initial reading, the basic requirements are only to read the correct pronunciation and understand the poem; The second reading on the basis of understanding requires emotional expression. Reading aloud after understanding the artistic conception of poetry requires changing emotional reading into creative reading.
Fifth, create the situation and introduce the poetic realm.
The highest state of reading poetry is to enter the artistic conception of poetry. Entering the poetic realm is to guide students to truly experience the scene and emotion created by the poet and get emotional about it. How to make students enter this artistic realm of harmony? Teachers should not instruct reading in isolation or simply create situations, but organically combine creating situations with emotional reading, and take creating situations as the basis and foreshadowing for students' emotional reading. At the same time, reading can guide students to understand poetry and enter the poetic realm. I sometimes take the form of acting, so that students can experience this scene personally; I sometimes bring students into the artistic conception of poetry by watching videos. The expression of emotion is richer every time, and the reading of students is in place every time. Finally, let students reach the realm of * * * thinking, * * * worrying and * * * singing through reading and the poet's emotion. In fact, this link is the sublimation and display of the previous link.
Sixth, expand and create poems.
The curriculum standard points out that students should be required to read ancient poems in primary school to help them accumulate, experience and cultivate their sense of language. There are not many ancient poems learned by students in the whole primary school, so after the teaching of a poem is over, the teaching of this class is not over, but the class is extended to the same type of ancient poetry teaching with poems and points, and the amount of learning ancient poems is consciously increased. Make students come into contact with a large number of ancient poems in the classroom and learn more excellent poems of poets. In this way, the students' horizons were broadened and their interest in reading ancient poems increased. There is not such a saying: if you learn 300 Tang poems, you can sing them even if you can't write them. Teachers should consciously guide students' ability to use ancient poems in teaching, for example, the lower paragraph can let students perform and reproduce the artistic conception of poems; In middle and high school, a classroom environment suitable for students to practice language can be created by presenting courseware and rendering music. Through this language practice process, we can guide students' ability to use ancient poems, stimulate their desire and interest in writing, enable them to apply what they have learned and truly achieve the purpose of Chinese teaching.
Seven, blackboard design, simple and clear.
Teaching blackboard writing is art, and art is creative, which requires teachers to make painstaking efforts to conceive, refine and innovate. Every novel, unique and aesthetic artistic blackboard writing is the crystallization of teachers' creative thinking. We advocate attaching importance to blackboard writing in the teaching process, and advocate the new design and creativity of teaching blackboard writing. The blackboard writing design is simple and innovative, focusing on the poetry center and grasping the key words.