Carya cathayensis fruit is smooth and beautiful, and its shell is thin and rich, which is easy to take out. The kernel yield can be as high as 70%, and the kernel is light yellow or golden yellow, with pure fragrance and good taste. In addition, Carya cathayensis fruit is rich in nutrition, high in oil content, high in amino acids, and rich in trace elements such as vitamin B 1 and B2. It is a good health food with high edible value, so its economic value is 2 to 3 times higher than that of ordinary walnuts. In order to ensure farmers' economic interests, before planting, we need to learn the cultivation techniques of hickory fruit to obtain the best yield and quality.
1. Ecological characteristics of Carya cathayensis fruit
Carya cathayensis belongs to Carya genus of Juglandaceae, which was first produced in the United States and northern Mexico. It belongs to deciduous trees, the height of which can reach 50 meters. Its bark is grayish brown, longitudinally split, and odd pinnate compound leaves alternate. Leaflets 1 1- 17, elliptic-lanceolate or slightly curved, sickle-shaped, 7-20 cm long, serrated or doubly serrated. Unisexual flowers, monoecious; The male flower is three inflorescences, and the female flower is born at the top of the new shoot of 2- 10 flower. The stigma is yellow-green, and then gradually turns purple and earthy red. The fruit is oval, 5-8 cm long and often has four longitudinal edges. Nuts are mostly oblong or rectangular, and less spindle-shaped, conical and so on. The seeds are sweet and fragrant.
Second, suitable areas and climatic conditions for planting pecans.
1, suitable planting area
A large number of data show that Carya cathayensis fruit grows well in the tropical climate zone of South Asia below the altitude of 1300m, with large fruit, high grain weight and high oil content, and the commercialization of dried fruit is the best. The lowest altitude for planting hickory is 1 100 meters. If it is lower than 1 100 m, due to insufficient low temperature in winter, trees will grow, bloom and bear fruit normally, which will affect the final yield. Planting in the north subtropical climate zone at an altitude of 1800-2000 meters, it grows better than root fruit trees, can bear fruit, and has full seeds, but small fruits and high empty seed rate. Planted in the tropical climate zone of Central Asia at an altitude of 1300- 1800 meters, the tree grows well, bears many fruits, has high enough yield, excellent fruit quality and obvious economic benefits. Therefore, when we choose the planting area of Carya cathayensis, we should give priority to the tropical climate zone of Central Asia, and the most suitable altitude is 1300- 1800 meters.
2. Suitable climatic conditions
(1) accumulated temperature
According to the planting data, what are the natural distribution areas of hickory? 10℃ The annual accumulated temperature is 3000-5500 degrees. For Carya cathayensis, the higher the accumulated temperature, the fuller the fruit. Therefore, the area with relatively high temperature is suitable for planting pecan.
(2) Low temperature
When planting Carya cathayensis, the ground temperature condition is an indispensable and important condition for choosing the planting site. Short-term low temperature in winter is beneficial to flower bud differentiation of trees. If there is no low temperature or too little low temperature time, it will affect the normal germination and flowering. So, the annual temperature is required? The duration of low temperature at 5℃ can reach 500-650 hours, which is suitable for planting hickory.
(3) frost-free period
In the United States, the frost-free period of Carya cathayensis fruit in the main production period is 220-280 days. If planted in China, the frost-free period can be maintained at 220-240 days.
(4) Lighting
The tree of Carya cathayensis is a typical light-loving tree, which has strong requirements for sunlight and almost no light saturation point. If the local light is insufficient, it will affect the normal growth of trees and fruit quality. In addition, if the rainy weather is too much and the time is too long, it will cause insufficient light and is not suitable for planting pecans.
(5) Rainfall
Reed plants especially like a lot of water. If the water supply is insufficient, the growth will become particularly slow and the drought tolerance at seedling stage will become worse. Long-term water shortage is the main reason for the low survival rate of seedlings. Normal planting of Carya cathayensis requires annual rainfall of 500- 1500mm.
Are pecans also called fruits? Longevity fruit? 、? Long live the son? It is not only widely used, with high economic value, long payback period and broad market prospect, but also a precious dried fruit that integrates eating, health care and medical treatment. At present, China has great potential to develop hickory. If it can be planted in a large area, it will be of great practical significance to improve the economic income of mountain people, invigorate the rural economy and achieve the goal of getting rid of poverty and becoming rich.