1, low calorie: when the total calorie intake exceeds the consumption, the remaining calories will accumulate in the body and be converted into fat. In life, the incidence of coronary heart disease in obese people is higher than that in ordinary people, so patients with coronary heart disease should maintain a low-calorie diet. Obese people can provide 20kcal per kilogram of body weight every day, rest in bed for 25kcaL, and exercise lightly for 30kcal. Because the calculation of calories is not easy for ordinary people to operate, just be careful not to overeat every meal, reaching about 80%. Dinner should be less, and light activities after meals, such as walking, should be advocated.
2. Low fat: the change of serum cholesterol level is closely related to the total fat in food, so the fat content in daily diet should be less than 30% of total calories. In addition, the change of serum cholesterol content is related to the type of fat. Animal fat can easily increase serum cholesterol, while vegetable fat (except coconut oil) can inhibit thrombosis and prevent the development of atherosclerotic lesions, so low fat is to limit animal fat.
3, low sugar: mainly to limit the intake of starch. Polished rice and white flour are rich in sugar. Too much sugar will increase the triglyceride content in the blood, so the total sugar content in the daily diet should account for 55%-60% of the total calories. Because coarse grains and miscellaneous grains are rich in cellulose, which is beneficial to eliminate cholesterol, it is advocated that coarse grains should have an appropriate proportion in the diet.
4. Low protein: People's intake of protein should be limited appropriately, and it is appropriate to take10%–L 5% of the total calories. Patients with coronary heart disease should pay attention to choose high-quality protein containing essential amino acids, such as fish, milk, beans and bean products. This can not only meet the needs of protein, but also avoid increasing the burden of liver and kidney due to excessive intake of protein.
5, low salt: too much salt can aggravate the body's sodium retention and raise blood pressure, which is not good for coronary heart disease. Therefore, we should pay attention to limiting the intake of salt: the total amount of salt in the daily diet should be below 5 grams. For patients with heart failure after myocardial infarction, the salt should be lower, preferably below 3 grams per day. Residents in northern China usually consume more salt, often reaching 12-20g every day, so people with coronary heart disease in northern China should pay special attention to low-salt diet.
6. High vitamins: water-soluble vitamins B, C and P can affect the anabolism of cells and their interstitial components, promote tissue repair, reduce the brittleness of blood vessel walls, enhance toughness and elasticity, enhance the resistance of microvessels, and help protect and improve the state of blood vessels. Therefore, attention should be paid to supplementing fresh vegetables and fruits rich in vitamins, with a daily total of more than 500 g. Apples, pears, peaches, oranges, hawthorn and other fruits, as well as radishes, cucumbers and green leafy vegetables are rich in water-soluble vitamins, which can generally fully supplement the body's needs, and it is not necessary to take vitamin health care products in large doses for a long time, otherwise it may be harmful to the body.
7, high cellulose: dietary fiber belongs to polysaccharide, the human body can not be completely decomposed and utilized, eating more can increase the discharge of cholesterol in feces, reduce the concentration of cholesterol in serum, soften feces and prevent constipation. Therefore, you should eat more cereals, fruits and vegetables containing cellulose, such as corn, millet, celery, leek, fungus, day lily and so on.