According to the location where children swallow foreign bodies by mistake, they are generally divided into three categories: tracheal foreign bodies, esophageal foreign bodies and gastrointestinal foreign bodies. Among them, tracheal foreign bodies are the most dangerous, and gastrointestinal foreign bodies can generally wait for the baby to discharge themselves.
1, infant first aid knowledge-tracheal foreign body
Foreign bodies in trachea mostly occur in children under 5 years old, especially in children who just learned to walk to 3 years old, with high mortality. Babies like to put melon seeds, peanuts, jelly, buttons, coins, etc. in their mouths, and it is easy to inhale the airway when crying, laughing or inhaling. If a foreign body in the trachea is stuck at the glottis or under the glottis, it is very easy to suffocate when blocking the trachea.
Symptoms: After swallowing, the baby's face is blue, holding his breath, having difficulty breathing, or having a severe cough and wheezing, which may prompt the items to enter the trachea.
First aid measures: Heimlich first aid method is adopted.
Suitable for babies under 3 years old:
(1) Parents immediately pick up the baby, hold both sides of the baby's cheekbones with one hand, put the arm against the baby's chest, and hold the baby's back neck with the other hand, so that the baby can lie face down on his long legs at home, with his head slightly lower than his torso, and pat it between his shoulder blades on his back 1-5 times.
(2) Let the baby lie on his back and stick it on the parents' thighs, and put it on the baby's abdomen under the chest and on the umbilicus with the middle finger and forefinger, and press it up quickly 1-5 times.
(3) Cycle back slapping and abdominal pressing until the foreign body rushes out.
Figure 1: Back slapping of Heimlich's first aid.
Figure 2: Pressing of Heimlich's First Aid Method
Suitable for children over 3 years old:
Parents hold their children from behind, clench their fists with one hand, and hold them against the baby's upper abdomen. The palms of the other hands are pressed on the fists, and their arms are pressed upward and inward, and they are tightened and loosened rhythmically until the foreign objects are washed out.
2, infant first aid knowledge-esophageal foreign body
Foreign bodies in esophagus mostly occur at the upper opening of esophagus. If the esophageal foreign body cannot be taken out in time, it may cause esophagitis, mediastinitis and abscess, and in severe cases, it may cause esophageal fistula, or puncture a large blood vessel and cause massive bleeding.
Symptoms: If the baby's face does not change after swallowing, he will breathe smoothly and will not cough, indicating that the article has not choked into the trachea and has entered the esophagus. Most of them are dysphagia, foreign body sensation, pain, increased saliva and other symptoms.
first aid treatment
(1) Keep quiet and don't eat any more, so as not to push the foreign body deeper and aggravate the injury.
(2) If it is a smooth small foreign body, it can be discharged automatically with the stool after 2-3 days, so that the baby can eat more vegetables rich in crude fiber, such as celery and sweet potato, but do not induce diarrhea.
(3) If it is a large foreign body or a sharp foreign body, such as jujube pits and sewing needles, it is easy to cause esophageal and gastrointestinal perforation. You should go to a big hospital as soon as possible and take it out with a children's gastroscope.