As a medicine, Radix Curcumae has the effects of relieving depression, promoting qi circulation, relieving pain, removing blood stasis and benefiting gallbladder. What's that? The following is what I arranged for you, I hope it will be useful to you.

morphological character

1. Curcuma wenyujin, a perennial herb of Zingiberaceae, has a large rhizome; The center of the section is lemon yellow, the outer side is nearly white, with a slight aroma, and the end expands into a spindle shape. Leaf blade is broadly elliptic, 30-75cm long, and14-22cm wide, with tapering apex or short tail tip, glabrous, wedge-shaped at the base and extending down to the petiole. The flower stem first grows from the base of the stem, the spike is round, and the middle and lower bracts are wide oval and light green. Calyx white, 3-dentate; Corolla white, funnel-shaped, with coarse hairs near the top; Fertile stamens; 1 piece, light yellow; Ovary is inferior.

2. Turmeric is a perennial herb with stout rhizome, oval main rhizome, finger-shaped lateral rhizome, red and yellow leaves, narrow oval shape, length of 20-30cm, width of 5-15cm, and hairless on both sides; Inflorescences are drawn from leaf sheaths. Cylindrical spikes; Bracts elliptic to suborbicular, green and white, with several flowers in axils; Calyx is green and white, with 3 teeth, corolla tube length 1.5 cm, 3 lobes, light yellow, and the upper part 1 piece is larger; Lateral staminodes are petal-shaped, yellow-white, with round lips, and can bear/kloc-0 stamens, which are associated with staminodes; Anthers oblong, spurred at base. Ovary is inferior.

3. Guangxi zedoary is a perennial herb with a height of 80- 1 10 cm. The tuberous roots are spindle-shaped, the main rhizomes are ovoid to ovoid, and the lateral rhizomes are fingerlike. Fleshy, white or yellowish in section; The leaves are oblong, with dense hairs on both sides, and the spikes are cylindrical. First, the leaves are extracted from the roots; Male flower buds are oblong to ovoid, pink to reddish; The middle and lower bracts are ovoid and green-white; Calyx tube white, apex with 3 teeth; Corolla pink, petal-shaped lateral staminodes, pale yellow, lower ovary.

4. Rhizoma Curcumae is a perennial herb with thick rhizome, lateral cylindrical shape and light yellow color. The roots are slender and the ends are enlarged; Leaf blade elliptic. The inflorescence is extracted from the rhizome, the spike is wide and oval, and the corolla has 3 lobes. Lateral staminodes are smaller than labial staminodes, and labial staminodes are nearly ovoid.

Growth habit: Yujin likes warm and humid environment. Afraid of drought, waterlogging and cold. Requirements for soil: the upper soil layer is loose and fertile, the lower soil layer is hard, or sandy loam is better. Saline-alkali land and low-lying land are not suitable for planting. Avoid continuous cropping.

Soil preparation and fertilization: select suitable fields and intensively cultivate them. Combined with soil preparation, sufficient base fertilizer is applied: 5000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 50 kg of cake fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are applied per mu. Then make a high frame with a width of 60cm, and leave a ditch of 15 cm between the frames to facilitate watering and drainage. Waiting for sowing.

Sowing: Propagation with turmeric tuber. The sowing date is spring sowing, around Tomb-Sweeping Day. When harvesting Radix Curcumae, select the rhizome with strong growth and no diseases and insect pests as seeds for storage. Take it out and sun it for 1-2 days before planting, remove the fibrous roots and size it. The big one can be vertically cut into several pieces, each with 1-2 buds. After the wound is slightly cooled and healed, the whole border can be planted according to the row spacing of 30×20 cm. Only by covering the soil and watering it can we survive. The sowing amount per mu is 80 kilograms.

Field management: pay attention to intertillage and weeding after all seedlings of Curcuma aromatica. Pay attention to watering in dry weather and timely drainage in rainy days. Before and after beginning of autumn, when the rhizome swells, topdressing is performed once: 2000kg of human excrement, 0/0kg of urea/kloc and 0/0kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate/kloc are applied per mu.

Pest control: Curcuma aromatica has few pests and diseases. If found, it should be controlled by conventional methods. Phoxim can lure and kill underground pests with poison bait.

Harvesting and processing: Radix Curcumae is generally excavated after autumn, when the stems and leaves on the ground wither. Remove the soil from the planed underground tuber of Radix Curcumae, boil it in boiling water for 15 minutes, take it out and dry it in the sun, and it can be used as medicine for sale, with a yield of 300 kg per mu. After the turmeric is picked, the rest of the rhizome except the seeds is washed with soil, boiled or steamed, dried in the sun or dried in the sun, and the beard and rough skin are removed to obtain zedoary with an yield of 65,438 000 kg per mu.

Key points of high-yield cultivation of Radix Curcumae-Morphological characteristics: Radix Curcumae is a perennial herb, with a plant height of 0.8-1.6m. Its tuberous roots are spindle-shaped, its main rhizomes are gyro-shaped, its lateral rhizomes are fingerlike, its meat is fleshy, and its section is lemon-colored. Leaves 4-7, 2 rows; Petiole is less than half as long as leaf; Leaf blade broadly elliptic, glabrous. The spike is cylindrical, the first leaf is drawn from the root, and the corolla is white. Flowering period may-June. Turmeric and Curcuma wenyujin are similar in morphology, with basal leaves, petioles almost as long as leaves and ears; Spike rises from the center of leaf sheath; Corolla tube funnelform, lobes 3, pale yellow. Flowering: August-165438+1October. The most remarkable difference between Curcuma kwangsiensis and Curcuma kwangsiensis is that both sides of its leaves are dense powder. The flowering period is July-August.

Second, growth habits Yujin likes a warm, humid and sunny climate. He is resistant to drought and waterlogging, but he is afraid of frost. Suitable for growing in alluvial soil and sandy loam with loose soil, good drainage and deep soil layer. It can be planted in the Yangtze River basin and its south area. There are few ginger and yellow flowers, and the seeds are not full. Rhizome propagation is often used in production, that is, "planting ginger". In general, early planting, early germination and emergence, long growth period, vigorous plant development and high yield, but long fibrous roots make the tuberous roots buried deeply, which is not convenient for excavation; Late-planted ones have shallow roots and are easy to dig, but the growth period is short and the yield is relatively low. Therefore, timely sowing is the key to high yield and easy digging. Curcuma tuber, especially Curcuma wenyujin tuber, is not suitable for continuous cropping, and rape and wheat should be selected as the previous crops. After planting, the planted ginger becomes "mother ginger", and the new rhizome born that year is "ginger" or "bud ginger".

Three cultivation techniques

1. Land selection and soil preparation: according to the growth habit, land preparation is conducted before harvest, and the depth is about 25 cm. Combined with ploughing and fertilization, 200-250 kg of phosphate fertilizer is applied per mu, and manure 1500-200 kg is used as base fertilizer; Rake thin and flat, generally do not make borders. If intercropping with corn, after the previous harvest, plant corn first, and then plant turmeric without turning the ground, just remove the weeds in the corn row and dig holes for planting.

2. The propagation method is rhizome propagation. A few days before or after the summer, that is, June 15-25, is appropriate and can be advanced to the end of May as appropriate. Sowing time varies according to the specific varieties and types of ginger: wenyujin should be sowed at the end of April, and ginger should be sowed 3-5 days earlier than the mother ginger; The harvest of turmeric is rhizome, which is planted earlier than Curcuma wenyujin. The best planting time is early April, and the bud beauty should be planted earlier than ginger 10 day. Using hole planting, according to the plant spacing of 24-30 cm X30-60 cm, the hole depth is more than 6 cm, the mouth is large and the bottom is flat, and the holes should be staggered. Before planting, take out the ginger stored for 1 year, remove the fibrous roots, and sow the mother ginger and the daughter ginger separately in stages. The mother ginger can be cut into small pieces vertically, and the larger ginger can be cut into small pieces horizontally. There are l-2 strong buds on each seed ginger, and 3-5 seed ginger are put in each hole with the buds facing upwards. Plant three in a finished glyph, four in a square and five in a plum blossom. When planting, ginger is closely connected with soil, and covered with fine soil after planting, with a thickness of about 3 cm. Interplanting turmeric in corn field. Before Qingming, corn should be hole-sown at the row spacing of 90cm x 120cm. In summer, turmeric is interplanted between rows, generally between two rows of corn and four rows; Three nests of turmeric can be planted between two corn holes.

3. Tian Tuan management

1 intertillage weeding shall be carried out in mid-July, early or late August and early September respectively 1 time. Turmeric is not planted deeply, and its roots are sideways, so the intertillage should be shallow, and the topsoil should be 3-4 cm shallow.

Top dressing should be done after weeding in intertillage every time. Apply human and animal manure1500-2,000 kg per mu for the first and second time, dilute it with 2 times of water, and apply it to people in the morning and evening; For the third time, 50-75 kilograms of decomposed cake fertilizer and 65,438+000 kilograms of plant ash were used per mu, mixed with a small amount of human and animal manure, and applied to the ground of the plant base for cultivation.

4. Pests and diseases are not common, and most of them are pests.

1 Leaf spot damages leaves.

Prevention and control methods:

(1) removing diseased leaves and burning;

② Spray 50% thiophanate 500 times.

2. Root-knot nematodes mostly occur in July-165438+ 10, which harms the root system.

Prevention and control methods:

① selecting disease-resistant varieties;

(2) Implement paddy-upland rotation.

3. The cutworms and grubs suck the fibrous roots of the seedlings in the seedling stage, which leads to the failure to form tuberous roots and reduce production.

Prevention and control methods:

① Black light traps and kills adults;

② Apply fully decomposed manure, preferably high-temperature compost;

③ Seed dressing with 75% phoxim EC according to the seed amount of 0. 1%.

April-August is the peak of the damage of this butterfly, and the larvae damage the leaves.

Prevention and control methods:

(1) clear the garden in winter and burn the litter;

② Spray with 800-l000 times solution of 90% trichlorfon or 80% dichlorvos 1500 times solution at the initial stage for 5-7 days 1 time for 2-3 times.

Fourth, harvesting and processing mostly dig roots in late winter and early spring. First cut off the seedlings on the ground, dig out the underground part with a hoe or rake, shake off the soil, and separate the roots from the tubers. When processing, firstly clean the turmeric root, then steam it in a steamer: steam it for about 1.5 hours, knead the root by hand, and then take it out and put it on the table to dry; After drying, knock off the fibrous roots in the bamboo basket. In case of continuous rainy days, 5 kg of peat and 50 kg of root tuber can be mixed evenly, which can prevent the root tuber from being loose, out of water and moldy and accelerate drying. Note: it is not advisable to cook it too raw or too cooked, and generally steam it until it is mature in 1989; When drying, you can only dry in the sun, not on the fire, so as to avoid foaming and affect the quality.

When harvesting and excavating with five seed-reserving techniques, the mother-in-law and ginger with fat body and no pests and diseases are selected as seeds. Stacked in a dry and ventilated place indoors, with a thickness of 30-35 cm, stored in sand, protected from sun and frost. When the temperature is low, you can cover it with bamboo mats. You can also shake off the attached soil and store it in the cellar immediately after drying. When storing, you can turn the pile l-2 times as appropriate to avoid fever or premature germination. You can take it out and plant it in the next spring.

Cultivation method, soil and previous crop of Curcuma aromatica 1: Curcuma aromatica should be cultivated in sandy loam with good drainage, with loose upper layer and compact lower layer, which is convenient for water and fertilizer conservation. The former crop is corn, corn or soybean. Because turmeric was planted before the summer solstice and interplanted with corn. Every 1 year, that is, rotation is required 1 time, and continuous cropping is not allowed.

2, seed selection and cultivation:

1 seed selection: turmeric is used as seed, and there are three varieties:

1 yellow silk ginger: yellow skin and golden heart. Turmeric and turmeric are of good quality. However, Radix Curcumae is small in size and low in yield, with 50-65kg of Radix Curcumae and 350-400kg of Curcuma longa per 667m2.

2 green silk ginger: the skin is yellow and white, and the heart is light green. If you don't choose soil, you can plant it in barren soil, a little earlier than yellow silk ginger and white silk ginger. The turmeric produced is "zedoary". 400-450kg of zedoary and 50-60kg of turmeric are produced per 667m2.

3 white silk ginger: yellow inside, such as egg yolk, with higher yield. It can produce turmeric 100 ~ 125 kg and turmeric 350 ~ 450 kg per 667㎡.

2. Soil preparation and planting:

① Soil preparation: Generally, the land is not cultivated. If it is idle land, dig the soil for 23 ~ 27 cm with a long hoe before Qingming, and rake it flat to make the soil loose. If the previous crop is corn or angelica dahurica, the ground will not be dug after harvesting. Such as interplanting turmeric with corn, that is, digging holes between rows of corn for sowing.

(2) Planting ginger: separate the larger tuber in the middle of the mother ginger from the smaller ginger slices planted on both sides, and the planting time of ginger should be earlier than that of the mother ginger. When planting, cut the seeds of Zingiber officinale into several small pieces, each with 1 ~ 2 buds, and prepare for planting. Because the root tuber of Curcuma aromatica is widely distributed in the soil, the row spacing between plants should be wide, generally 34 ~ 40 cm is more suitable. If maize is interplanted with turmeric, nests can be made between rows with a depth of about 3cm and a flat mouth during the summer of late June to 7 days before and after the maize just blooms. Put 5 ginger seeds cut into small pieces in each nest, with 1 in the middle and 1 in each corner, with buds facing upwards, and cover with soil 1.5cm after planting. In the past, medicinal agricultural rapeseed was cooked as base fertilizer, but now it is not used. Generally, after 20 days of seedling emergence, ginger seeds 125 ~ 200 kg should be used every 667㎡.

& gt& gt& gt More exciting on the next page.