Cultivation techniques of pumpkin
Breeding method
Seeding: 2-3 seeds per hole, with the tips of the seeds facing down, covered with soil for 2-3 cm, watered and permeable, and germinated at 25-30℃ for about 1 to 2 weeks.
Direct seeding: You can clean the ground in the first winter, apply foot fertilizer, and bury the seeds in the second spring and March. Because the seedlings are long and grow fast, you need to apply fertilizer in April, May and June, and pay attention to watering. The management of pumpkin is relatively extensive, because the root system is developed and the internodes of leaves take root, so we should pay attention to cultivating the soil in order to absorb nutrients. One seedling of pumpkin can produce many branches. In order not to make the nutrients too scattered, it is necessary to make the branches, and leave two or three main vines for one seedling. According to the soil fertility and the growth of melon seedlings, the top buds can be removed after several melons are born. As long as the soil is fertile, pumpkins should be watered and fertilized frequently. Generally, 3 to 5 leaves are used to slip a melon, and more melons will not grow up. Buds are very easy to grow in the axils of melons, so attention should be paid to removing them, otherwise they will compete with melons for nutrients, so that the melons will fall because of insufficient nutrients. ?
field planting
When there are 3-5 real leaves, you can choose healthy seedlings without pests and diseases for planting in sunny afternoons, each pot 1 plant, and the planting depth should be that the cotyledons are flush with the soil surface, and they should be watered with water. If it is live broadcast, it is necessary to sparse the weak seedlings and leave 1 seedling per hole. ?
fertilize the soil or land
About 10 day after planting, spray 1 time thin organic fertilizer, mainly nitrogen fertilizer. Plants grow rapidly after climbing vines. When the leaves reach 8 to 10, topping is carried out for 1 time to promote more lateral vines. At this time, supports can be set up in advance. When the lateral vines are more than 50 cm long, the tender stem tips and petioles can be collected for eating. Pay attention to keeping about 5 leaves, and press the remaining stems and vines with slightly larger clods to promote germination and aerial rooting. Spraying 1 time with thin decomposed organic fertilizer mainly containing nitrogen fertilizer after each picking. ?
support
When the vines circle around the basin on the soil surface, the vines can be dragged to climb the bracket, so that the leaves are evenly distributed and the branches do not block each other. ?
manage
After a certain stage, the plant enters the flowering stage, and the male flowers are the main ones in the early stage. In the morning, when the flowers are about to bloom, the male flowers and pedicels can be picked together for eating. When the female flowers begin to grow, the topdressing organic fertilizer is mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and the harvesting of tender shoot tips is reduced or stopped. If necessary, artificial pollination must be carried out before 8 am. Usually, 3-5 melons can grow normally per plant (large melons are left 1 2, and micro melons can be increased appropriately, depending on the growth of the plant). Excessive young melons or female flowers should be thinned out, and the stems and vines should be topped properly to avoid insufficient nutrient supply. Larger melons can be hung in a firm place with a net bag, and melons close to the ground can be padded with foam plastic or wooden boards to isolate them from the soil. ?
Pumpkin growth process
1, pumpkin seedling stage: from one true leaf to 5 to 7 true leaves, the seedling stage is before tendrils appear. Plants grow upright in this period. There were fewer leaves in the seedling stage, but the roots began to grow rapidly. At the end of the seedling stage, the transverse body of the roots was 0.5 to 1 m, and the depth was more than 30 cm, and the axillary buds began to move. This period takes about 25 to 30 days at the temperature of 20 to 25℃, and more than 40 days if the temperature is lower than 20℃ and the growth is slow.
2. Pumpkin vine-pulling period: Pumpkin vine-pulling period is from the 5th to 7th real leaves and tendrils to a female flower. It usually takes 10 to 15 days. At this stage, the growth of stems and leaves is accelerated, and the internodes are gradually elongated, from upright growth to creeping growth, tendrils are pulled out, and male flowers are opened one after another. At this stage, the vegetative growth is vigorous, and axillary buds on stem nodes move rapidly and lateral vines are drawn out. At the same time, flower buds also differentiate rapidly. Under low temperature and short sunshine, the node position of female flowers is low.
3. Flowering and fruiting period of pumpkin: it takes 50 to 70 days from the opening of a female flower to the ripening of fruit, and the growth of stems and leaves and the flowering and fruiting are carried out at the same time. A female flower appeared in the 5th to 10 node of the main vine for the early-maturing pumpkin variety, and in the 5th to 10 to 18 node of the main vine for the middle-maturing pumpkin variety, and it didn't appear until the 24th node for the late-maturing pumpkin variety. After a female flower appears, it can appear every few sections or several consecutive sections.