Pharmaceutical name: Cassia seed
Pinyin: juemingzi
English name: cassia seed
Source: Dicotyledonous medicinal leguminous plant Ripe seeds of Cassia.
Effects: Clear liver, improve eyesight, diuretic, laxative.
Indications: Treat wind-heat red eyes, blue blindness, sparrow eyes, hypertension, hepatitis, cirrhosis, ascites, and habitual constipation.
Meridian distribution of nature and flavor: bitter, sweet, cool. ① "Herbal Classic": "Taste salty, flat." ② "Bielu": "Bitter-sweet, slightly cold, non-toxic." ③ "Ben Cao Zheng": "Taste slightly bitter and slightly sweet, flat in nature, slightly cool."
Enters the liver and kidney meridians. ① "Explanation of the medicinal properties of Lei Gongpao": "Enter the liver meridian." ② "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Foot Jueyin liver, also enters the gallbladder and kidney."
Usage and dosage: Oral administration: decoction, 1.5 ~3 qian; or grind into powder. External use: Grind into powder and apply.
Medication contraindications: Use with caution in patients with diarrhea and low blood pressure. "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Polygonum is used as its agent. It hates hemp seeds."
Drug compatibility: 1. With Cassia, it clears away heat, calms the liver and improves eyesight. It is often used for dizziness due to liver heat, or liver yang. Hyperactivity causes symptoms such as blurred vision, dizziness, red eyes, and headache. 2. Combined with Gujingcao, it can improve eyesight and reduce nebula. It can be used for diseases such as liver and kidney deficiency, wind-heat congestion, blurred vision, and tearing due to embarrassment.
Alias: Grass Cassia, Yang Ming ("Wu Pu's Materia Medica"), Yang Jiao ("Guang Ya"), Horse Hoof Cassia (Tao Hongjing), Huan Tongzi ("Medical True Story"), Shit Beans ("Preparations for the Properties of Herbal Medicines"), Mung Beans ("Chinese Medicinal Plants"), Horse Hoof ("Jiangsu Herbal Medicines"), Senecio ("Shanxi Traditional Chinese Medicines"), Qinjue ("Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicines") 》), lady's finger bean ("Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine"), wild green bean ("Jiangxi Herbal Medicine"), pig bone bean, pig feces blue bean, thin-leaf pig feces bean, night raze, sheep's tail bean ("Main Poisonous Plants in the South" ). The original plant Cassia ("Ben Jing") is also known as: Night Gate, Sheep's Tentacle, False Sheep's Horn, False Peanut, Nocturnal Grass, Wild Peanut
Prescription Name: Cassia Seed, Cassia Cassia, Raw Cassia Cassia seeds, fried cassia seeds, fried cassia seeds, etc.
In the prescription, Cassia Ming and Cassia Seed refer to raw Cassia Seed, which is used raw to remove impurities from the original medicine. It tends to moisten the bowels and smooth the intestines, clear the liver and dispel wind.
Fried cassia seeds are also called fried cassia seeds. To purify cassia seeds, stir-fry them over slow fire and use them as medicine. It also has the effect of nourishing the kidneys and improving eyesight.
Trade name: Cassia seeds, those with plump, uniform seeds, brown-green color, dry and free of impurities are preferred.
Distribution of animal and plant resources: distributed in most parts of the country. Medicinal materials are mainly produced in Anhui, Guangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Guangdong and other places.
Harvesting and storage of medicinal materials: Harvest the fruits after they mature in autumn. Cut off the whole plant or pluck the pods, dry them in the sun, break out the seeds, remove the pod shells and impurities, and then dry them in the sun.
Latin name: medicinal material semen cassiae, original plant cassia tora l.
Preparation method: fried cassia seeds: take clean cassia seeds, put them in a pot and fry them until they are slightly fragrant, take them out and let them cool.
Research: From "Shen Nong's Materia Medica" ① Tao Hongjing: "Cassia has leaves like awns and seeds shaped like horseshoes, so it is called horseshoe cassia. It should be mashed. There is also a different grass cassia, This is Artemisia japonica, which is among the lower grades. ② "Compendium": "This horse's hoof jue yin is also named for its ability to improve eyesight. There are also grass cassia and stone cassia, both of which have the same effect. "虙子" is what Tao calls "artemisia". "There are two kinds of Cassia, one is Horseshoe Cassia, the stem is three or four feet high, the leaves are larger than alfalfa and the root is small. It blooms during the day and closes at night, and the two are close to each other. Light yellow flowers bloom in autumn. The horns are like young cowpeas, five or six inches long. The horns have dozens of seeds, which are unevenly connected and shaped like horseshoes. They are green and are the best medicine for the eyes. Both species can be used to make wine, and the young shoots, flowers, and horns of Ramosia can be eaten as tea and snacks, while the shoots and horns of Horseshoe Cassia are tough and bitter and cannot be eaten. ”
Identification of raw medicinal materials: The dried seeds are rhombus-shaped, shaped like a horseshoe, with one end slightly pointed and the other end truncated, 5 to 8 mm long and 2.5 to 3 mm wide.
The surface is yellow-brown or green-brown, smooth and shiny, with a raised brown ridge on each side, and a light-colored and slightly sunken line on both sides of the ridge, which will swell and crack when soaked in water. Hard and not easily broken. The skin is thin in transverse section, and the endosperm is gray-white to light yellow, and the cotyledons are yellow or dark brown, which are strongly folded and shrunken. No gas, slightly bitter taste, slightly mucous. The ones with uniform, plump and yellowish-brown particles are better. Microscopic identification: Cross section of Cassia obtusa seeds: 1 row of grid-like cells in the seed coat epidermis, 40-56 μm in radial direction, 7-11 μm in tangential direction, with one bright band each inside and outside the outer 1/3 of the cell. The square cuticle is 11 to 17 μm thick; there is one row of supporting cells, wide at both ends, constricted in the middle, slightly dumbbell-shaped, 14 to 24 μm long, and the radial wall is thickened; the nutrient layer is composed of several rows of tangentially elongated parenchyma cells, containing a few Calcium oxalate cluster crystals and square crystals, with scattered vascular bundles. The endosperm and cotyledon parenchyma cells contain cluster crystals, aleurone grains and fat droplets. Cassia obtusa powder: yellow-brown. ① The cross-section of the seed coat epidermal grid-like cells is rectangular, with thick walls and obvious cell cavities. The wall is bent or bent at the lower 1/3 of the cell, and two light bands are located at the upper and lower 1/3 of the cell respectively; surface It looks like a polygon, with slightly wrinkled walls. Epidermal cells are covered by a thicker stratum corneum. ② The cross-sectional view of the seed coat supporting cells is slightly dumbbell-shaped or gourd-shaped, with slightly thicker outer and inner walls, and a thickness of 4 to 10 μm in the middle of the side wall; the surface is round, with a diameter of 27 to 60 μm, and annular thickened walls can be seen (the middle part of the side wall is thickened thick part). ③ Cuticle fragments, 11 to 19 μm thick, with a polygonal grid-like texture on the surface, are traces of the detachment of testa grid cells. ④The diameter of calcium oxalate clusters is 9 to 26 μm. ⑤The endosperm cell wall is mucus-like and the cell cavity contains dark yellow-brown material. ⑥ The cross-sectional view of the cotyledons shows palisade tissue on both sides. In addition, cubic crystals of calcium oxalate are visible.
Chemical ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine: fresh seeds contain chrysophanol, emodin, aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin glucoside, and emodin anthrone. , emodin methyl ether (phy-scion), obtusin (1,6,7-trimethoxy-2,8-dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone), aurantio- obtusin (i.e. 1,7-dimethoxy-2,6,8-trihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone), as well as rubrofusarin, torachryson and cassia lactone (toralactone). Still contains vitamin A. ⑴ Cassia obtusa seeds contain anthraquinone compounds, mainly emodin, emodin methyl ether, chrysophanol, aloe-emodin, as well as obtusifolin, obtusen, chryso -obtusin), aurantio-obtusin, and their glycosides and xanthic acid, etc., also contain cassiaside. In addition, it contains mucus, protein, sitosterol, amino acids and fatty oils. ⑵ Cassia minor seeds except that they do not contain obtinophyllin and its glycosides, other aglycones and glycosides are the same as Cassia obtusa. In addition, it also contains chrysophanol-1-β-gentiobiside and chrysophanecacid-9-anthrone. Also contains naphtho-γ-pyran derivatives: rubrosarin (rubrofusarin), nor-rubrofusarin (nor-rubrofusarin), rubrosarmycin-6-β-gentiobiosaccharide (rubrofusarin) -6-β-gentiobiside). In addition, it contains cassia lactone (toraoactone), cassia ketone (torachrysone), and vitamin A-like substances. It also contains mucus, protein, sitosterol, amino acids and fatty oils.
Chemical identification of traditional Chinese medicine: ⑴ Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 20ml of dilute sulfuric acid and 10ml of chloroform, reflux at a slight boil for 15 minutes, let cool, move to a separatory funnel, separate the chloroform layer, and add hydroxide 10 ml of sodium test solution, shake, the alkali layer will appear red. If it appears brown, separate the alkali solution layer, add 1 to 2 drops of hydrogen peroxide test solution, place it on a water bath and heat for 4 minutes, then it will appear red. ⑵ Thin layer chromatography: Concentrate the chloroform extract prepared according to method ⑴ into a small volume, and spot it on a silica gel G thin layer plate. Use emodin, chrysophanol, emodin methyl ether, aloe emodin and rhein as controls. Product, use petroleum ether (30~60℃)-n-hexane-ethyl formate-formic acid (1:3:1.5:0.01) to expand 10cm. Ammonia vapor fumigation or observation under ultraviolet light (365nm) shows that 8 red or orange-red industrial light spots can be seen in both cassia chromatograms, and only the outer green spot can be seen at the sixth orange-red fluorescent spot.