Bitter and bitter, plain.
① Guizhou folk medicine: "flat in nature, bitter in taste and non-toxic."
② Annals of Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine: "Warm in nature, mild in taste and non-toxic."
③ Quanzhou Materia Medica: "Sweet, astringent and nontoxic." Quanzhou materia medica: "into the liver, kidney, stomach and small intestine."