Overview: the environment to pay attention to the breeding of eels; construction of eel ponds.

Technical measures for artificial eel farming: selection and placement of stocked eel species and eels, baiting and management, and escape prevention.

Management of eel farming: feeding bait, filling new water often, creating a suitable environment, paying attention to the prevention and control of eel disease, eel overwintering.

Eel disease technology and control, eel several common diseases.

I. Overview

The eel is also known as eel, long fish and so on. The growth rate is fast, generally a month can grow 10 centimeters, 9 months body length of up to 300 grams, that is, up to the specification of commercial fish. The eel is especially adapted to the rural artificial culture, is a good way for farmers to get rich.

1. The eel farming environment

Select sufficient water, four seasons, sunrise place, in the water quality, is the eel farming key technology, must be diligent in changing the water, to maintain good water quality, spring and fall 3-5 days to change the water once in the summer 1-2 days to change the water once in the water depth of not less than 10 centimeters, injected into the water temperature can not be more than 5 degrees Celsius, in order to avoid the death of the temperature plummet caused by the.

2. Build eel pond

Build eel pond, to choose the terrain is a little high, drainage and irrigation is convenient place to build pools, to small-scale-oriented, area of 5-20 square meters, or 30-60 square meters, pool depth of 80-100 cm. Pool shape should be according to the east-west direction, in order to prevent escape can be another pool edge, surrounded by 30-50 centimeters above the ground, in the hard soil can be built without masonry, if in the soft soil at the construction of the pool should be masonry paving bottom wall cement hook joints. The bottom of the pool pad after exposure to loose hard moderate soil 30-60 centimeters, easy for eels to lurk in holes, in close proximity to the water source to dig a water inlet, in the opposite side of the lower end of the parallel bottom of the water to leave a drain, rows of water inlet should be fish netting, to prevent the escape of eels. Pool surface 1/3 of the water surface can be moderately planted wild rice, water peanuts, artemisia and other aquatic plants, for eel shelter, shade to improve the environment of the fish pond.

II. Artificial culture of eel technical measures

1. stocking eel species and eel selection and placement

Select robust, smooth body surface, strong activity, the size of the same eel. The general requirements of the weight of 20 grams per tail is appropriate, if you put each tail 30-50 grams of large-size eels, the survival rate is high, fast weight gain, high yield. The seedling can come from wild young eels caught in cages, or can be purchased from the market, but the injured and broken skin, broken eels should be removed, but also can be artificially bred seedling. Early spring is good for stocking. Put all of them within a week. The amount of stocking is generally 1.5-3 kilograms per square meter, good conditions can be put into 5-6 kilograms. In short, stocking specifications, density is small, and vice versa, it is correspondingly large, and stocking should pay attention to the fish body disinfection, the water temperature difference should not be too large.

2. Baiting and management

The eel is mainly meat, artificial feeding available earthworms, small fish and shrimp, snails and mussels, etc., but also with the feeding of some of the rice bran, soybean cake and other high protein content of plant feeds, spoiled feeds can not be fed. Feeding should be carried out in the evening, the daily amount of eel body weight of 3-5%, June-August feeding for the total weight of 6-7%; feeding with the eel body increase and increase in the growth of the temperature should be more casting hard casting, 15 ℃, 10 ℃ below to stop feeding, the requirements of the feed into the food table, easy to grasp the amount of food and remove the residual bait.

3. Prevention of escape

Thunderstorms and hot weather, low air pressure, water body lack of oxygen, visible eels out of the hole, vertical body front, head out of the water, this time to pay attention to the filling of new water. In rainy days, we should also pay attention to whether the overflow is smooth, whether the net is solid, in order to prevent eels from escaping. There are no grass ropes or sticks extending out of the pool, because eels are most likely to escape along the water in the rainy days.

Three. The summer management of eel farming

1. throw to the palatable bait

Eel is mainly carnivorous omnivorous fish. Especially like live bait, or mixed feed with high protein content, such as various insect larvae, small fish and shrimp, snails and clams, mussels, silkworm chrysalis, earthworms, fly maggots, livestock scraps, etc., which are ideal bait for eels.

The eel likes to be active during the day and night, so the feeding time is 4-6 pm. Eels are voracious and resistant to hunger, full and hungry is not easy to detect, so feeding should pay attention to the timing and quantitative, generally per square meter of eel pool daily feed 400-500 grams, accounting for about 5-8% of the eel's body weight. There should be a fixed place for feeding, and more food tables should be set up to prevent food grabbing or uneven feeding.

2. Often refill new water

The depth of water in the eel pool should be appropriate, generally 15-20 centimeters, and often change the water, insisting on changing every day or every other day to ensure that the water quality is fresh. The weather is hot, the eve of a thunderstorm, the water will lack of oxygen, where the eve of this weather, to fill the new water in a timely manner. Rainy days should pay attention to the smooth drainage, avoid rainwater diffuse pool, anti-escape.

3. Create a suitable environment

The suitable temperature for eels is 15-30 ℃, too high or too low will affect the eel feeding and growth, so in the summer and fall high temperature season, pay attention to the eel to create an adaptive environment. You can put water hyacinth, duckweed or aquatic plants such as mushroom and lingzhi in 1/3 of the area of the breeding pond, or plant some pumpkins and lentils at the edge of the pond, and set up shelves on the pond for shade, so as to facilitate the growth of eels.

4. Pay attention to the prevention and control of eel disease

Eel seed stocking, with 4% salt water or 10ppm bleach bath 10-20 minutes, can effectively prevent eel disease, eel injury will be born after the water mold disease, so in the process of breeding to be careful operation, so as to avoid eel body injury. When the eel has this disease, can use four ten thousandths of baking soda and salt combination of the whole pool sprinkling, can also be used 3-5% of the salt water to wash the eel body 5-8 minutes.

5. Overwintering of eels

(1). Dry also overwintering: the pool will be drained in winter, the soil should be kept wet, the upper layer covered with 18 cm of straw to prevent the soil layer from freezing, pay attention to rats and cats into the pool damage to the eel body.

(2). With the water over winter: deepen the water level in winter to fertilize the water, improve the water temperature, the surface of the ice should be broken in time to prevent eels from dying of asphyxiation due to lack of oxygen.

Four. Eel disease and prevention technology

During the growth period, especially just put the eel seedling and eel breeding season, absolutely not be able to put ducks straight pool predator. In order to prevent cats, rats, birds and other animals from eating eels, it is best to cover the pool with old mesh or take other protective measures.

Summer, sometimes the temperature is too high, eels will appear heatstroke coma phenomenon, at this time should be replaced with cool water, or shade cooling, and then feed fresh tadpole meat.

In the early stages of eel feeding, if the eel is injured, it is easy to cause water mold disease. The sick turtle will have white hairs, lose its appetite, and finally die of the disease. The method of prevention is to choose the body surface without injury, strong young eels, before stocking with lime disinfection of eel pools, eels found to suffer from water mold disease should be used in a timely manner 5% iodine wipe the affected part or 3-4% of the saline water immersion in the body of the fish for 5 minutes, will be able to get a better result.

Plum blotch disease is a yellow circular spot on the back of the eel that is as big as a soybean grain.

The prevention method is to put some toads in the eel pond, because the toadstools on their bodies have a preventive and therapeutic effect. If the disease has occurred, can be peeled off the skin of the toad head, tied with a rope and dragged in the pool a few times, 1-2 days to get rid of the disease.

Eel nematode disease is caused by nematode invasion of eel intestinal disease, nematode parasites caused by a large number of eel death. The method of prevention is to use quicklime to clear the pool before stocking eel fry, which can kill the eggs to prevent the disease. After the discovery of sick eels, every 50 kilograms of eels with 5 grams of trichlorfon crystals (90%), doped with 3 kilograms of soybean cake powder, made of bait feeding treatment.

V. Several common eel disease prevention and control

In the process of eel farming should do a good job of disease prevention and control.

1. Rotten skin disease:

The sick eel is weak, all day will head out of the water, the body surface has a lot of different sizes of round red spots, to the abdomen on both sides of the more, some will also appear in the abdomen of the size of the beans purple spots, serious skin rot into a funnel-shaped hole, if you peeled off the skin meat, often see the rotten skin and viscera.

Prevention methods:

(1) Frequent replacement of pool water, maintain good water quality, is one of the important measures of prevention.

(2) At the same time as adding new water, sprinkle bleaching powder 1ppm in the whole pool for 3 days, which has a good effect.

(3) Erythromycin 25,000 units of thiazole per cubic meter of water, mixed with bait feeding, once a day for 3-6 days

2. Botrytis:

This disease is caused by stocking density is too large or insufficient bait and cause the eels to bite each other, wounds infected with mold and caused by the wounds, the wounds out of the cotton-wool-like "white hairs", the sick eels loss of appetite, and finally wasting to death.

Prevention:

(1) Use 5% salt water to wash the eel seeds after stocking.

(2) Splash the whole pond with 0.04% salt and 0.04% baking soda.

(3) Tail rot disease: this disease is easy to occur in the high-density eel pond or on the way of transportation, the diseased eel tail is inflamed and congested, and then the muscle rots and necrotic, so that the caudal peduncle or tail muscle rots, the tail vertebrae are exposed, and the sick eel's head is sticking out of the water, and the eel's reflection is slow, and the action is feeble.

Prevention methods: (1) pay attention to the environmental hygiene of the eel pool water, can reduce the occurrence of this disease and harm. (2)Splash the whole pond with 0.2ppm furazolidone. (3)Use 0.25 units of gentamycin per milliliter to disinfect the fish body, the effect is very good.

3. Capillary nematode disease:

This disease is caused by the invasion of capillary nematodes into the eel intestine, resulting in eel wasting, and then died.

Prevention methods: (1) before stocking eel pool with quicklime disinfection, can prevent this disease. (2) Every 50 kilograms of eels with 9% crystal trichlorfon 5-7.5 grams mixed into the mussel meat feeding, feeding for 6 days. (3) with Guanzhong, Jing, Su terrier, neem root bark and other Chinese herbs, according to each 50 kg of eels with a total of 290 grams of medicines (proportion in the order of 16:5:3:5), add the equivalent of the total amount of medicine 3 times the amount of water, decocted to the original amount of 1/2 of the water, pouring out the medicine, and then according to the above method of decocting a second time with water and the two juices of the medicines mixed with feed feeding for six consecutive days.

4. caused by echinoderm parasites in the intestinal tract, intestinal inflammation and congestion, blockage of intestinal tubes, serious intestinal perforation, causing eel death.

Prevention and control methods: (1) eel pools can be prevented by disinfecting with quicklime before stocking. (2)Use 90% crystal trichlorfon 40-50 grams per 50 kilograms of eels mixed in the feed for 6 days.