Two, nursery selection and ground preparation
Nursery land to choose fertile soil, good drainage, low water table. Before land preparation, more organic fertilizer, preferably deep plowing before winter, can make seedling beds after good land preparation, seedling beds to the north-south direction is good. The width of the bed is 1.5 meters, the width of the ridge is 0.3 meters, the height of the ridge is 0.15 meters, the bed should be flat, the soil should be fine.
Three, soak the seed to promote germination
Toon seed skin hard, the surface has wax. Direct seeding is not easy to absorb water, germination difficulties. For this reason, before sowing, the seeds should be soaked and germinated to promote seed germination. First deflated to remove impurities, and then rubbed off part of the wax on the seed coat, and then put the seeds in the tank (about up to one-third of the depth of the tank) with warm water (water temperature of about 45-47 ℃) immersed for one day and one night. Fish out the already swollen seeds and drench them dry, and place them at room temperature to germinate. Rinse with water once a day, 5-7 days later, the seeds can break the embryo white, then can be sown in the ground. The seeds treated with warm water germination can improve the germination rate in the field.
Fourth, sowing season
Toon seedling sowing time should not be too early or too late. Too early, low ground temperature, delayed seedling emergence time, vulnerable to late frost damage. Too late, shorten the growth period of seedlings, affecting the growth of seedlings and the degree of lignification. According to experimental observation, the city generally in late March or early April sowing is more appropriate.
Five, seeding and mulching
Before sowing, the seedling beds should be thoroughly irrigated, to be all water seepage, will be treated with 15-20 times the seed weight of the seed of fine sand or finely shredded garden soil and mix, evenly spread in the seedling beds, can also be sown in strips, rows spaced 25 centimeters. Use 2-3 kilograms of seed per mu. Immediately covered with fine soil, mulch thickness of 0.5-1 cm.
Six, seedling management
After sowing, keep the temperature of the seedbed 20-25 ℃, after sowing about 7-10d flush, at this time, toon seedling root system is less, it is best to spray 15-20 ℃ of warm water, the daytime temperature is maintained at 20-24 ℃, the nighttime temperature is maintained at 15 ℃ or so, with the rise in temperature can increase the amount of ventilation, when the lowest outside temperature stabilized at 10 ℃ or more, you can When the lowest outside temperature stabilizes above 10℃, the insulating coverings can be removed and the seedlings can be trained under open field conditions. Seedlings 2-3 leaves time seedling 1 time, 4-5 leaves when the seedling, cultivate annual seedlings should be 20cm 25-30cm spacing according to plant rows and set seedlings, stay seedlings 150,000-210,000 plants / hm2. When the seedling height of 10cm or so can be moved into the field nursery.
Transplanting should be according to the row spacing of about 5cm deep ditch, and irrigation along the ditch, while every 10d or so in the evening when sprayed with 3g/kg urea solution. mid-June to mid-August is the annual seedling fast-growth period, this period to strengthen the management of fertilizer, generally fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer is the main and with the application of a certain amount of phosphorus and potash fertilizer, each time to apply urea 150-225kg/hm2, 150kg/hm2 of diammonium phosphate, with the appropriate amount of potash fertilizer.