1. Western musical instruments
Generally speaking, western musical instruments refer to musical instruments originated in Europe, but traditionally they refer to musical instruments often used in concert halls or churches, and sometimes they refer to musical instruments commonly used by orchestras. Western musical instruments can be roughly divided into woodwind instruments, brass instruments, percussion instruments, bowstring instruments (usually called stringed instruments), plucked instrument, keyboard instruments and so on, but this classification method cannot include all western musical instruments, such as harmonica, which does not belong to any of the above categories. The standard of division is not uniform, for example, the difference between percussion instruments and bowstring instruments lies in the different pronunciation principles, while the difference between keyboard instruments and other types of instruments lies in the playing methods, such as piano and piano, which are not percussion instruments. It is worth pointing out that the classification of electronic musical instruments is still different at present, and it seems that it is more reasonable to use the method of playing as the classification standard. For example, the electric piano belongs to the keyboard instrument and the electric guitar belongs to plucked instrument, and those electronic musical instruments whose playing methods are quite different from traditional musical instruments can be counted as one category.
The following are the main western musical instruments and their genera:
woodwind section
Flute
-flute
-piccolo
-Jian Di
-Frazzole whistle
-Chestu clarinet
-Tabo drum flute
Oboe family
-oboe
-British tube
-lyric oboe
-Heickell oboe
-bassoon
-Bass bassoon
-Courtard oboe
-Shom oboe
Clarinet family
-clarinet in c, b flat and a flat.
-Bass clarinet
-clarinet in high pitched E flat.
-clarinet in high-pitched D key
-alto clarinet
-double bass clarinet
-small clarinet
-Heickell clarinet
-Wooden clarinet
Saxophone family
-saxophone with the highest e-drop.
-saxophone in high-pitched flat B.
(saxophone in E-flat alto)
-saxophone with tenor b flat.
-saxophone with E-flat bass.
(saxophone in B flat bass)
-saxophone with double bass and E flat key
-saxophone in B-flat bass.
Brass instrument group
Horn family
-natural horn
-Valve key horn
Trumpet family
-trumpet
-cornet
-Bach trumpet
-Bass trumpet
-don't sheen.
-Claro (Clarion)
Trombone family
-treble trombone
-alto trombone
-tenor trombone
-Bass trombone
-alto-bass trombone
-Double bass trombone
—— Key length number of tenor valve
-Bass valve key length number
Large family
-B flat tenor tuba (Youfengning)
-F-key regular bass tuba
—— E-flat bass tuba, that is, E-flat Bangpadong.
-B-flat bass tuba, namely B-flat Bangpadong.
-c double bass tuba
-Hailikang tuba
-Susa tuba
Saxophone family
-E-flat (or F-flat) for saxophone, and E-flat for cornet.
-saxophone in B (or C) flat, and cornet in B flat.
-alto saxophone in e flat (or f flat)
-tenor saxophone in B (or C) flat.
-B (or C) flat bass saxophone, the same as B flat alto tuba.
-E (or F) flat bass saxophone, the same as F regular bass tuba.
-B-flat (or C-flat) double bass saxophone, which is similar to B-flat bass tuba.
Fulu clan system
-the high-pitched Fulu in E flat.
-LV in B flat.
-E-flat (or F-flat) tenor Fu Lu.
Percussion instrument group
Drum class
-timpani
-Drum
-middle drum
-Drum
-drum set
-steel drums
-tower drum
-Bongo drum
-tambourine
Cymbals
-ancient cymbals
-muffled cymbals
-hissing cymbals
Muqin clan
-xylophone
-Zhong Qin
-Marimbaqin
-Zalorin Baqin
-vibrato piano
-glass piano
other
-tube clock
-triangle iron
-castanets
-sand hammer
-Whip buzzer
-Scraper
-music anvil
Plucked instrument Formation
Harp family
-Two-stage variable-tone harp
-Welsh harp
-semitone harp
-Double-string harp
-Scottish harp
-Zittel Qin
-plucking the strings and playing the dulcimer
-Finger harp
-Renaissance harp
Guitar family
-Spanish guitar
-Hawaiian guitar
-Peak guitar
-bass guitar
-Balalaika
-Banduriya
-Sitten
-JiTeng
-Viviera
Liute clan system
-Liu Te
-mandola
-mandolin
-Angelica
-Double-necked Ryukyu
Keyboard musical instrument group
piano
accordion
reed organ
organ
Harpsichord
clavichord
electric organ / electronic organ
celesta
Tuning fork piano
Bowstring instrument group
Violin family
-violin
-Viola
-cello
-double bass
-High-pitched violin
-five-string viola
-large viola
-round to wipe the violin
Viol clan
-small bass viol
-Lira viol
-viol on the bass.
-Bass viol
-Double bass viol
-Lyric viol
Other non-affiliated musical instruments
mouth organ
Materno Qin
Music saw
Wooden pipe number
Electronic synthesizer
bagpipes
There are many kinds of western musical instruments, and those that are not commonly used or have been eliminated are not introduced here. Due to the development history of musical instruments, language differences between countries or other reasons, some musical instruments with different names are actually not much different, for example, some musical instruments of tuba family are almost no different from some musical instruments of saxophone family; However, other musical instruments with the same name are actually not the same thing, such as alto tuba and a glass instrument invented by Kladni 1790, all of which are called You Fengning. Sometimes, composers feel that the existing instruments are not enough to express their intentions, so they design new instruments or transform the original ones to suit their own requirements. Sometimes these instruments still use their old names. Therefore, it is not necessarily possible to correctly understand and identify an instrument only by its name, but to determine the true meaning of an instrument name by knowing the nationality and age of the composer.
2. China National Musical Instruments
China is a big multi-ethnic family, and all ethnic groups have splendid cultures. People of all ethnic groups have created beautiful music and various musical instruments in their production and life. The cultures of different ethnic groups blend with each other, and Chinese and Western cultures learn from each other, forming a wide variety of musical instruments. It is difficult to classify the national musical instruments in China according to ethnic groups, because in fact, many non-ethnic musical instruments were imported from ethnic minorities. The well-known Huqin (including Erhu, Jinghu, etc.) can be seen from the name that it is a musical instrument originated from the northern minorities. There are also many places where minority musical instruments can learn from Han musical instruments. Therefore, it seems that the classification of China national musical instruments should be based on the way of playing.
The following are the main national musical instruments in China:
wind instrument
-bang the flute
-Qu Di
-Xiao
-Nose flute
-Xian Xiao
-short flute
-flute tube
-Nose flute
-eagle flute
-suona
-pipe
-double tubes
-throat
-Bau
-Dong flute
-flute
-oral flute
-Tong Qin
-sheng
-Fang sheng
-Paisheng
-Hulusheng
-Lu sheng
-awning tube
-oral string
plucked/stringed instrument
-Qin
-Arthur
-pipa
-hey!
-Qin Liu
-yueqin
-Sanxian
-four strings
-Ruan
-Zheng
-Qin Qin
-Yatu Ga
-gayageum
-Rewap
-Dong Bula
-Zamu Nie
-the single-stringed piano
-Gongqin
Playing stringed instruments
-dulcimer
String instrument
-erhu
-gaohu
-Zhonghu
-Dahu
-Gehu
-Banhu
-Jinghu
-falling beard
-playing the piano
-Erxian
-big tube
-Sihu
-lyre
-Xi Qin
-coconut palm
-Ma Touqin
-Ai Jieke
-Hami Huqin
-Kebuzi
-Sattar
-Genka
-Niu tuiqin
percussion instrument
-clock
-pan
-osmium
-holmium
-Tudor
-drums
-Cylinder and drum
-Long drums
-Bangu
-book drum
-point the drum
-Paigu
-Jiegu
-octagonal drum
-Taiping drum
-Dabu
-Eight Immortals Drum
-Ring drum
-side drum
-waist drum
-elephant foot drum
-bronze drums
-big gongs
-Xiao Gong
-Inner gong
-just gong
-Deep-wave gongs
-Su Luo
-fighting gongs
-Huyin Gong
-Black Gong
-big sieve gong
-Tian Luo
-high-edged gongs
-Tang gong
-cloud gongs
-Ten-faced gongs
-fill in
-Tan Zhen
-cymbals
-wok
-Qi cymbals
-Fa Ling
-ring the bell
-Bowl bell
-string bells
-waist bell
-bowls and bowls
-What is not idle
-pear slices
-clappers
-simple board
-Four Treasures
-Bangzi
-Nanbangzi
-even the box stick
-wooden fish
-Sabayi
-bamboo board