语（yù，yǔ，）yǔ
① talk about; speak. The Record of the Nuclear Boat: "Lu Zhi holds the end of the volume in his left hand and points to the volume with his right hand, as if he had something ~."
② words; speech. Pipa Xing: "And heard this ~ heavy chirping."
③ Proverbs; sayings. Zuo Zhuan? The Second Year of Emperor Xi Gong: "~ said: 'Lips are dead, teeth are cold.'"
yù
Tell. For Learning: "The poor ~ in the rich said ......"
Between the words of the conversation.
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文 (wén,) wén
① interlacing lines; pattern. It is later written as "纹". Gongshou: "Jing has a long pine ~ zi (()()()()()豫章."
② Flamboyant; literate. Feng deceived the guest Meng Changjun: "A thousand kilograms of gold, ~ car two teams, clothing sword one."
③ article.
④ Text. The Book of Traveling to Mount Baochan: "The only one whose ~ is still recognizable."
⑤ Non-military, as opposed to "wu". The "Remonstration of Emperor Taizong Shisi疏"："~武并用，垂拱而治。".
⑥ Tattoo on the body, called "tattoo". Zhuangzi? The Easy Journey": "The Yue people broke their hair ~ body."
⑦ Culture; literacy. The Analects of Confucius (论语?)："～Zihan Zihan": "~ King is not, ~ is not in Zihu?"
⑧ used in the old copper money, anciently known as copper money a for a text. Wei book? Gao Chong biography ":" in the market price of copper, eighty-one ~ to get copper a catty, privately made thin money, catty balance two hundred."
⑨ modification; cover. The Analects? Zi Zhang ":" small man's fault will be ~." Idioms include "文过饰非".
⑩ regulation, ceremony. Su Shi "on the round mound of the six rituals": "the ritual must also said: save the complicated ~ end, then a year can be another suburb." The idiom of "red tape".
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课 (kè,) kè
① test, examination according to certain standards. The seven methods are as follows. Seven Laws": "into a tool not ~ not use, not try not to hide."
② To urge the completion of assigned work. South Qi Book? Emperor Wu Ji": "It is appropriate to strict ~ agriculture and mulberry." Cite learning or teaching according to the prescribed content and portion. Bai Juyi's "Book with Yuanjiu": "Bitter festival reading, twenty has come, day ~ fugue, night ~ book."
③ To collect taxes according to the prescribed amount and time. Xiaowu Emperor's current period": "This is the year, the beginning of the ~ South Xuzhou Qiaomin rent." Another tax. Baozhao "to be ancient": "the well at the end of the year Fu finished, Cheng ~ phase tracing."
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代 （dài,）dài
① instead of; in place of. Admonish Taizong Shisi疏: "Why bother to labor and think hard, ~ Hundred Division of the service."
② alternate; take turns. Zuo Zhongyi Gong Yi: "choose ten healthy pawns, so that two people squatting and leaning on the back, the leakage of the drum to move to the番~."
③ Dynasty. Live Board: "Five ~ when the first printing of the Pentateuch."
④ Generation; passed from father to son. Wang Wei, "The Collection of Wang Yuancheng? Li Ling Wing": "General Li of the Han family, three ~ will be the son of the door." Discriminate generation, generation. In ancient times, father and son succeeded each other as a generation, and "generation" refers to dynasties, such as "three generations" refers to three dynasties, not three generations, while "three generations" refers to three generations of grandparents and grandchildren. Tang Taizong Li Shimin avoided the word "Shi", since then, the meaning of "Shi" has been replaced by the word "Dai".
Instead of plowing, the official is paid to do so, so it is called "generation of plowing". Tao Yuanming's "Miscellaneous Poems": "~ This is not a hope, the industry in the field."
On behalf of the kitchen instead of the cook to cook, the metaphor is to do other people's work. Liu An, "Huainanzi? The main art training ":" human masters overwork, human ministers over escape, is like ~ Zai stripped animals and for the master craftsman hacking."
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表 （biǎo）biǎo
① outer garment. Zhuangzi? Let the King": "Zigong rode a large horse, in the blue and ~su."
② appearance; outside. Tongguan Huai Gu": "The mountains and rivers ~ Li Tongguan Road."
③ Above. Fuanji: "The mountains on the Mian are out of the ~ of clouds and smoke."
④ Mark; sign. Chajin (察今)："Walking through the night by following the ~." Also used as a marker. Chajin: "Make people first ~ 澭 water." Also specifically refers to fronts, wine flags. Yanzi Chunqiu? Song people selling wine": "For the ware is very clean and clear, set ~ very long, and the wine is sour not sold."
⑤ The courtier's sonata to the emperor, such as "out of the division table", "Chenfei table".
2. 文言文 三篇 翻译及其阅读答案第一篇
1. Explain the following punctuated words (one word in front of the brackets)
The highest among the towers in the capital city
People are strange and ask about it
2. Translate the following sentences
It looks at it incorrectly and tilts to the north-west ---- it looks at it incorrectly and tilts to the north-west
It is not correct and is skewed to the north-west
The following is not correct and is skewed to the north-west
The following is not correct. and tilted to the northwest
Blow of not a hundred years, when the right also ---- wind blowing it, not a hundred years, will be right
3, "people strange and asked", write the crowd's questions, what is its purpose? The purpose is to set off the vision of the builder prehao
The second
1, explain the punctuation (a word before the brackets)
His mother asked the reason (the reason)
To the person (just now) I see the translation of the "to the person" of the two words
2, translate the sentence
His mother said, "I have heard that those who have accumulated Yin virtues are rewarded by Heaven with blessings, and you will not die." --- I have heard that those who have accumulated Yin virtues will be rewarded by Heaven with well-being, and you will not die,
3. What was the reason why Sun Shou Ao cried and went home after killing the two snakes? He thought he was going to die and was scared to leave his mother.
4. Based on what Sun Shou Ao did, what kind of person can we see that he is? --- A good man who is bold and altruistic, and at the same time loves his mother very much.
The third
Wang Rong was seven years old, and he was traveling with his children, when he saw a plum tree with many seeds, and broke the branch. The children competed to take it, but only Rong did not move. When asked, he replied, "The tree is on the side of the road and has many seeds, so it must be a bitter plum." Taking the letter.
1, the explanation of the punctuation (a word before the brackets)
Tried (once) with the children to swim
All the children competing to take the translation of the word "competing"
Only (only) Rong does not move
See the side of the plum tree and many children (fruit), folded the branch
2, translate the sentence. >2. Translate the sentence
The tree is by the roadside and has a lot of fruits, so it must be a bitter plum. The tree is by the road and has a lot of fruit, it must be bitter plums,
Take it and believe in it.
D. In the spring and winter
3. Ask for some exercises on translating sentences in the Chinese language.The use of "其" in the following is different from the others
A. Is there anyone who dares not do his best? Please resume the battle!
B. The father encourages his son, the brother encourages his brother, the woman encourages her husband, and says: "Who is the king, and can he not die?"
C. I have heard that the ancient wise ruler, do not suffer from the insufficiency of his people, but suffer from the shame of his ambition.
D. A woman who is not married at seventeen, her parents are guilty, and a husband who is not taken at twenty, his parents are guilty
Translate the following sentences
1. The praying mantis waits for the cicadas by picking them, and the leaves fall down from the tree
2. The wife replied, "I see." After a few days is tired of unbearable, deceive the cloud: "do not see." 3, Your Majesty is responsible for the minister to loyal and straight, this minister said is not a private curve evil!
4, public and other do not this not exhaustive words also 5 although the sage can not be, I will not be?
Translation:
6 flaws, then the benefit of the ancient and modern rule of chaos and security, for the upper open said.
Translation:
7 bless the holy body, always ten years, have not seen faults, it is appropriate to cover their small faults, in order to complete the great virtue.
4. 求10篇文言文阅读题及答案1. Huang Wan skillful pair Huang Wan was young and wise.
Grandfather Qiong, Wei County governor. In the first month of the first year of Jianhe, there was a solar eclipse.
The Beijing division did not see and Qiong to the state heard. Empress Dowager edict asked how much food.
Qiong thought it was right and did not know the situation. Wan is seven years old, in the side, said: "Why not say the eclipse of the rest of the month as the beginning of the month?" Joan was shocked, that is, its words should be edict, and the deep strange love.
Note ① Jian and: the year of Emperor Huan of Han. The first year of Jianhe is 147 AD.
② the capital does not see: the capital can not see that eclipse. General knowledge of culture "Empress Dowager" and others.
Since the Qin Dynasty, the Son of Heaven is called "Emperor", and the wife of the Emperor is called "Empress". "Empress Dowager" (or Empress Dowager) refers to the mother of the emperor (the mother of the vassal kings of the Zhou Dynasty was also called "Empress Dowager"), and the emperor's father was called "Emperor".
The emperor's grandmother was called "Empress Dowager", and the emperor's grandfather was called "Emperor Tai Shang Tai Huang". "Too" has the meaning of the highest and greatest, so the emperor's doctor called "too doctor", the emperor's teacher called "too teacher", the emperor's ancestral temple called "too temple ".
Thinking and practicing 1, explain: ① edict ② strange 2, translation: ① Qiong thought of its right and unknown situation; ② that is, to answer the edict with its words 3, choose: "Qiong to the state heard" has the following understanding, which is not correct? ① Huang Qiong therefore heard the situation; ② Huang Qiong reported the situation to the emperor; ③ Huang Qiong let the emperor hear the situation. 4. Understand: What exactly did Huang Wan say the sun looked like after the eclipse? 2, the prodigy Zhuang Yukong Yuezhong Zhuang Yukong, young have the reputation of the prodigy.
Home next to the Zhen Yue General Department, when the play for the kite, the right fall in the General's Department of the inner house, Zhuang straight into the claim. The servants to its extraordinary character, suddenly asked: "Where is the child?" The first time I saw this was when I was in the middle of the night.
The general said: "Have you ever read? Have you ever belonged to the right?" Chuang said: "Right, a small matter of ear, how difficult it is!" The general said, "How many words?" Zhuang said: "A word can word, a hundred words can also." General to its side of the big and boast also, because of the Hall of the matter of the painting and the order of the right said "the old painting of a hall, the dragon does not chant, the tiger does not whistle, the flowers do not smell the fragrance of the birds do not call, see this kid ridiculous ridiculous."
Zhuang said: "That is, a game of chess in this room, it can be carried out." Ying Sheng Yun: "half a game of chess, the car has no wheels, horses have no saddle, guns have no fireworks pawns have no food, drink the sound of the general guard against guarding."
Notes ① Yuezhong: now Panyu City, Guangdong. ② Zhuang Yougong: Qing Dynasty, the official Ministry of Justice.
③ Shengge: God Article and temperament.
⑤ hall matter: refers to the hall.
⑥ fire pawns: army cooks.
Go and Xiangqi are the two major chess activities in China. Most experts believe that Go came before Xiangqi.
The word "Xiangqi" first appeared in the "Chu Rhetoric - Invocation of the Soul". From the Qin and Han Dynasties to the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, there were only four types of pawns: generals, rooks, knights, and pawns in Xiangqi. In the Tang Dynasty, "cannon" was added, and in the Northern Song Dynasty, "bias" and "chan" were added, which were equivalent to "sergeant", "Elephant".
By the end of the Northern Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, Chinese chess was really finalized: a chess set of 32 pieces, divided into generals, soldiers, bishops, pawns, rooks, knights and cannons. Thinking and practicing 1, explanation: ① Department ② appropriate ③ game ④ on ⑤ boast 2, translation: ① the service to its young and neglect; ② rapid interrogation of the said; ③ Zhuang to the real; ④ what is difficult to have! 3, Cao Zhi intelligent Cao Zhi year ten years old, reciting "Poetry", "Theory" and rhetoric hundreds of thousands of words, good literature.
The Great Ancestor looked at his writing and said, "Are you a good writer?" Plant kneeled and said: "Words out for the theory, the pen down, Gu when the interview. How can I hire someone?" When Yechen Li Cheng, can be seen.
The emperor is very different.
② Fu: an ancient literary style. ③ Taizu: refers to Cao Cao.
④ Analects: arguments. ⑤ Ye: an ancient place name, in present-day Henan.
⑥ Tongquatai: a pavilion built by Cao Cao in Yecheng. General Cultural Knowledge Cao Zhi, a literary scholar.
Cao Zhi was the son of Cao Cao, with the character Zijian. He grew up to be intelligent, and from the above, he had read quite a lot of books by the time he was in his teens, and he wrote well.
Because of his talent, Cao Cao was favored by him in his early years, and at one point he wanted to become the crown prince, which aroused the hatred of his brother Cao Pi. After Cao Pi became emperor, Cao Zhi became even more jealous and died of depression.
Most of his poems are in five lines, with a few wounds in the early part of the poem reflecting the turmoil in society and his own ambitions, and in the later part of the poem expressing his own bitterness. Today there is Cao Zijian Collection.
Thinking and practicing 1, explanation: ① Gu ② Sydney ③ will ④ Zhu ⑤ aid 2, translation: good at generics; ② Naihe invited; ③ Taizu very different 3, understanding: "can be viewed" what does it mean? 4. Write the poem "Seven Steps" silently. 4. Bao Zi is difficult to guests Qi Tian's ancestor in the court, eating thousands of guests.
There are fish and geese offerings, Tian's view, it is the bar said: "The sky is thick in the people! Cultivation of grains, fish and birds, for use." The guests and the...
Bao's son, twelve years old, also sitting, said: "Not as good as Jun said. All things in heaven and earth are born with me, and the class is also.
Classes are not noble and lowly, but small and large intelligence and system, each other and eat each other, not for each other and birth. People take the edible to eat, is not the sky originally for the life of the people? And the gnat is skin, tigers and wolves to eat meat, not the day of the gnat is born, tigers and wolves meat also! Notes ① Tian: Qi surnamed Tian (nobility).
② Zu: the ancients went out to feast on the road god called "Zu". ③ prosperous: Yuk.
④ non-phase for the birth: not for each other's survival and survival. ⑤ Gnats: a kind of blood-sucking insects.
⑥ 囋: bite. Cultural Common Sense Eater.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, people who relied on the nobles for their skills were called "diners". In order to attract talents and show their strength, the powerful and noble families had 3,000 diners and hundreds of diners.
Some of the diners were good at planning, some were good at diplomacy, and those who were good at sneaking around could sometimes become diners. The diners are ranked according to their talents.
Thinking and practicing 1, explanation: ① and ② also ③ and ④ class 2, translation: ① day of the people in the people thick ② not as good as the words of the king ③ futile to small and large intelligence and control each other 3, the title of the "abalone difficult guest" in the "difficult", interpreted as . 5, Cao Shao Kui catch "strange" Luoyang, there are monks, the room has exhausted, day and night, always sounding.
The monk thought it was strange, fear and become ill. The monk thought it was strange, and was afraid of becoming ill. He asked the magician to prohibit it, but he could not do so.
Shao Kui and the monk good, to ask about the disease, the monk to tell, Russia, hit the fasting bell, the exhausted sound. Shao Kui laughed and said: "Tomorrow you can set up a feast, when in addition."
Although the monks do not believe Shao Kui words, but hope that it is effective, is a set of food to wait.
The monk bitterly asked why, Shao Kui Yun: "This exhaust and bell rhythm, hit each other should." The monk was very happy, and his illness was cured.
Notes ① exhausted: a percussion instrument. Monks use to perform Buddhist rituals.
② Warlock: there.
5. 初中课外文言文原文、翻译和答案原文：侍坐 Zi Lu, Zeng Shi, Ran You and Gong Xi Hua sat in wait.
Zi Lu said, "In order that I may be long in one day, I do not need to be long in one day. The first thing I said was, 'I don't want to know.' If I may know you, what is the reason?" Zi Lu, Zeng Shi, Ran You, and Gong Xi Hua sat with (Confucius).
Confucius said, "Don't be afraid to speak just because I am a little older than you. （You often say, 'No one understands me! If someone understands you, what are you going to do?" Zi Lu responded, "A country of a thousand rides is taken in between large countries, and the addition of divisions and travelers is due to famine; by and by, for three years, we can make courageous and know the way."
Zi Lu hastened to reply, "A country of a thousand chariots, between great states, and the encroachments of foreign armies, followed by famine; if I were allowed to govern it, and waited for three years, I could make all men courageous, and good at war, and know the principles of human conduct." (Husband and wife) Confucius heard this, and smiled faintly.
"Seek, what do you know?" "Ran Qiu, how are you?" Said: "Fang sixty or seventy, such as fifty or sixty, seek also for it, than and three years, can make enough people. As its rites and music, in order to wait for the gentleman."
(Ran Qiu) replied, "A country of sixty or seventy or fifty or sixty miles in length and breadth, if I were to govern it, I could make the people rich in three years. As for the cultivation of rites and music, that is only to be done by waiting for a wise gentleman."
"Ch'i, how are you?" "Gong Xi Chi, how are you?" Answer: "Not that I can, I would like to learn. The affairs of the clan and temple, such as Huitong, Duanzhangfu, I would like to be a small phase yan."
(Gong Xi Chi) replied, "I dare not say I can do anything, but I am only willing to learn. For the work of clan and temple sacrifices, or for the alliance of the lords, and the pilgrimage to the Son of Heaven, I am willing to wear a gown and a ceremonial hat, and to be a little praetorian."
"Point, how are you?" "Had point, how are you?" Drumming the thurible, clanging the er, shedding the thurible and making it, he said in response, "It is different from the writing of the three sons of men." (Zeng Dot) The sound of the drumming of the thurible gradually thinned out, and with a clang, he put down the thurible and straightened himself up, and replied, "I am not of the same talent as the three of them!" Zi said, "Why is it hurtful? Each also speaks his own mind!" Confucius said, "What does it matter? It's just that each of them talks about their own ambitions!" He said, "Mo Chun, spring clothes have been completed, crowned five or six people, children six or seven people, bathing in Yi, wind and summer dance, singing and return."
(Zeng Duan) said, "In the twilight of spring (the weather is warm) and spring clothes have been worn. (I and) five or six adults, and six or seven youths, went to bathe in the River Yi, blew the wind on the platform of the summer dance, and walked home singing."
Confucius sighed tersely and said, "I am with the point!" Confucius let out a long sigh and said, "I am in favor of Zeng Dot's idea!" The three sons came out, after Zeng Shi. Zeng Shi said, "What do the three Zi's say?" Zi Lu, Ran You, and Gong Xi Hua all went out, and Zeng Shi went last.
Zeng Shi asked Confucius, "What did the three of them say?" Zi said, "It is also enough for each of them to speak his mind!" Confucius said, "It's just as well that they each talked about their own ambitions!" He said, "What did you say?" (Zeng Shih) said, "Why do you laugh at Zhong Yu?" He said, "For the state to be courteous, his words do not allow, so it is related. If you only seek, you are not a state, are you? I have never seen a man who is not a member of the state, but who is as good as 50 or 60 years old. Only the red is not state also with? The temple will be the same, non-vassal and what? If the red is small, who can be big?" QUESTION: (Confucius) said, "To govern the country should be reasoned to let, but his words are not modest at all, so laugh at him.
Is it not the state that Ran Qiu is talking about? How can we see that a place sixty or seventy or fifty or sixty miles across is not a country? Is not what Gong Xi Chi said a state? What are the sacrifices of the patriarchal temples and the meetings of the vassals if they are not the great affairs of the vassals? If Gong Xi Hua can only be a minor praetor to the lords, then who can come and do the major praetor?" There are people in Qiguo who worry about the collapse of heaven and earth, who lose their bodies, and who waste their sleep and food. And there are those who are worried about what they are worried about, so they went to know, and said, "Heaven, the accumulation of gas ears, where death forgets the gas.
If the flexion and stretching of the breath, all day long in the sky in the line, why worry about the collapse?" The person said: "The sky fruit accumulation of gas, the sun, the moon, the stars and the stars do not fall?" He said, "The sun, the moon and the stars, but also the accumulation of gas in the light, only to fall, but also can not do any harm." The man said, "Why is the earth bad?" Dawn said: "The ground, the cumulative block ear, filling the four virtual, dead place dead block.
If you are hesitant to walk on the ground all day long, why would you worry about it being bad?" The man was overjoyed, and those who knew it were overjoyed.
Another man, who was worried about the worries of this man in Qi, went to him and said, "The sky is just an accumulation of gases, and there is no place where there is no air. Every move you make, every breath you take, all day long you are moving in the sky, so how can you be worried about the sky collapsing back down?" The man said, "If the sky were really a gas, wouldn't the sun, moon and stars fall down?" The man who enlightened him said, "The sun, moon and stars are also things that shine in the air, and even if they fall, they will not harm anything."
The man said again, "What if the ground sinks?" The man who enlightened him said, "The earth is nothing but heaps of earth, filling up all around, there is no place where there is no earth, and you stand and walk and move around on the earth all day long, so how can you be worried about sinking?" (After this man had explained) that man of Qigong put down his heart and was happy; and the man who enlightened him also put down his heart and was happy. Once upon a time in the state of Qi, there was a man who was very timid and a little bit nervous, and he would often think of some strange problems, which made people feel puzzled.
One day, after dinner, he took a big fan, sat in front of the door to take a cool, and said to himself:" "If one day, the sky collapsed, what should we do? Wouldn't we have no way to escape and be crushed to death, which would be too wrong?" From then on, he worried and fretted about this problem almost every day. His friends, seeing that he was in a trance all day long and that his face was haggard, were all very much worried for him, but when they realized the reason, they all came to him and advised him, saying, "Buddy, why do you bother yourself with this matter? Why do you bother yourself about this? How could the sky fall? Even if it did fall, you can't solve it by worrying about it alone, just think about it!" However, no matter what people said, he didn't believe them and continued to worry about this unnecessary problem from time to time. .
6. Seek 5 literary reading, containing the original text, reading questions, reading answers and notesA Yanzi's Royalty Yanzi was the prime minister of Qi, out.
His imperial ① wife peeped through the door. His husband as a minister of defense, embracing a large cover, steering a team of horses ②, the spirit of the lofty, very self-congratulatory.
When he returned, his wife asked him to leave. He asked her why.
The wife said: "Yanzi is less than six feet long, the body phase ④ Qi, the name of the vassal. Today, my concubine is watching him come out, and her ambition ⑤ is so deep that she is always trying to get down ⑥ from him.
Now, the son is eight feet long, and he is a servant. The first is that the first is to be a man of the world, and the second is to be a woman of the world.
I am seeking to go." The first is that the first is the one who has been in the same boat for a long time.
Yan Zi strange and asked, the Royal to the real right ⑧. The first is the "Daikan", the "Daikan", the "Daikan".
Note: ① Royal: horseman. ② team of horses: four horse-drawn car.
③ go: leave, here refers to divorce.
⑤志念：志向和思考的东西。 ⑥自下：谦虚虚.
⑦自损抑：to restrain oneself and remain humble. ⑧ Right: to answer.
[Translation]: When Yanzi was the minister of Qi, he went out one day. The wife of the coachman, peeped at her husband through the door.
Her husband was driving for the minister of the state, sitting under an umbrella, whipping the four horses in front of the car with a whip, high and mighty. When the driver came back, his wife asked for a divorce, and when the driver asked her what the reason was, his wife said, "Yanzi is less than six feet tall, and as the prime minister of Qi, he is famous in all countries.
Today, I see him go out, far-reaching wisdom, modest attitude. Now look at you, you are eight feet tall, but you are the driver of other people's car, but look at you, as if you still feel very satisfied, I therefore ask for a divorce."
From then on, her husband was much more modest in every way. When Yenzi found it strange, he asked him what happened, and the driver told him the truth, and Yenzi recommended him to become a great doctor.
1. Explain the following phrases. (1) the spirit of the people: (2) the name of the lords: 2. Write the meaning of the following two sentences in modern Chinese.
Nowadays, the concubine observes his out, and his ambition is deep, often with a self down. 3. Select the one that is wrong in understanding and analyzing.
( ) A. This article is a fable, short and concise, profound meaning, implicitly indicating the point of view, explaining the reasoning, persuasive.B. This article is very delicate to narrate a story, although distinct and vivid, but it is difficult for the reader to grasp the author's true intentions.
Using such a technique to recommend the state ministers, it seems that it is not prudent enough.4. Yanzi is a famous prime minister in ancient times, combined with the passage, in his own words, what are the criteria for his selection of talents.
Answers: 1.(1) high-flying, complacent, hand-waving, forgetful, etc.; (2) having a great reputation in the vassal states. 2. Today, I see him go out, and although he has great ambition and far-sightedness, he always shows himself to be very humble.
3.B4. Yanzi's standard is that he can humbly accept opinions with shortcomings and correct them in time. Er ZiYu argued that the Duke of Song and the Chu people war with ICP (①).
Song people have become a column, Chu people have not been both (②) Ji (③). Sima (④) said: "They are many and I am few, and their not yet both Jinji also, please hit it."
Gong said: "No." The first time I saw this, I was told that I was not going to be able to do it.
The king said, "No." The Song division was defeated when it was attacked after Chen (⑤).
(excerpted from the ") Notes (1) Hong: Hong water (2) both: all, finished (3) Ji: crossing (4) Sima: the highest officer in command of the army, here refers to Zi Yu. (5) Chen: with the "array", set up the position.
[Translation]: Duke Xiang of Song led his troops to fight with the Chu army at the place of Hongshui. The Song army was already in formation, but the Chu army had not yet crossed the river.
Zi Yu said, "They are many and we are few, please order an attack on them before they all cross the river." Duke Xiang said, "No."
When the Chu army had crossed the river and had not yet formed a line, Zi Yu reported the above opinion to Duke Xiang. Duke Xiang said, "Not yet."
He waited until the Chu army had lined up, and then attacked them, and as a result, the Song army was greatly defeated.1. Explain the meaning of the punctuated words.
The Song people have become a column ( ) 2. Translate the following sentences. The Song people have formed a column ( ) 2.
3. Answer the question with the original statement. (3 marks) In the text, "the Song division was defeated" because the Duke of Song missed the opportunity to launch an attack: (1) , ; (2) .
答案：1.队列2.对方人多而我们人少，趁趁他们还未完全渡过泓水，请(您)命令攻击他们.3(1)宋人既成列，楚人未既济(如答后半句也可可)；(2)既济而未成列三孔子见齐景公孔子见齐景公，景公致廪丘①以养②。
Confucius resigned not to accept, into the disciples said: "I heard that the gentleman when the work to receive pay. Now said Jing Gong, Jing Gong not to line ③ and give the Grange mound, it does not know the mound ④ is also very far."
He told his disciples to drive, and left. (excerpted from "Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals") Note: ① Grange mound: the name of the place.
② foster: the place of provision. ③ not the line: did not take my advocacy.
④ Qiu: Confucius, name Qiu. [Translation]: Confucius paid a visit to Duke Jing of Qi, who presented him with the Grange Qiu Eup as a place of sustenance for Confucius.
Confucius refused not to accept the gift of land, and returned to his residence, saying to his disciples, "I have only heard that a gentleman should be rewarded for his merits. At the present time, I lobbied Duke Jing, and Duke Jing did not act on my advice, but gave me a granary mound of land; he knows me too little."
So he made his disciple drive the car and bid farewell to the Duke of Jing and left.1. Explain the meaning of the punctuated words in the following sentences.
(1) Confucius resigned not to accept Resignation: (2) Today said Jing Gong said: 2. Write the meaning of the following sentences in modern Chinese in the text. Is it also not possible to have been?3. Why did Confucius refuse to accept the place of sustenance given to him by Jing Gong? Answer：1.(1) to excuse, to refuse (2) to persuade, to convince 2. can't this practice also be stopped? 3. Confucius thought that he was not entitled to receive the land of sustenance because he had no merit and had not done his job well.
Four [a]: both the crown, more adoration for the way of the sages, but also suffering from the lack of master celebrities and tour, tasted tend to a hundred miles away from the township of the first up to the execution of the scriptures to ask. The first da Tak Lung hope Zun, disciples fill their rooms, did not taste a little lowering of the rhetoric.
Yu standing service around, aid in questioning the reasoning, stooping down to listen to please; or meet its scolding, color more respectful, more to the courtesy, do not dare to say a word to reply; once it is pleased, and then please. The first time I saw it, I was able to hear about it.
[B]: People's learning, not the day into the day back. The first is to learn from a friend, and the second is to learn from a friend, and the third is to learn from a friend.
Long time in a party, the habit and not consciously. Unfortunately, in the poor and remote area, no car and horse capital ②, should be learned and scrutinized ③ question, in order to find its right and wrong, so that a few ⑤ can get five or six of ten.
If you don't go out of the house and don't study, you are a man of the wall, and even though you have the virtues of Zi Lamb and Yuan Xian, you will not be of any use to the world. Zi said, "In an area of ten rooms, there must be a person as loyal and faithful as Qiu, who is not as good at learning as Qiu."
If Confucius was so holy that he had to learn well, can we not be more diligent nowadays? (excerpted from Gu Yanwu "and friends of the book") [Note] ① [lonely] one-sided, shallow.
③ [scrutinize] detailed.
7. 古文翻译及答案选D(A离开/距离[摘自《两小儿辩日》],B轻视/交换[摘自《愚公移山》],C禀告/白颜色[摘自《送东阳马生序》],D连词，如果[摘自《史记-高祖本纪》/《汉书-高祖纪上》])
选C(A到[摘自《郑人买履》],B助词 , which only serves to regulate the syllables in the sentence, C third person pronoun [from "The Table of the Exodus"], D to ...... go [from "The Records of the Grand Historian - Chen Shibu Shiji"])
Translation:
(1) Instead of selling him and then splitting the money between the two of them, where is the better way than to keep it all for myself?
(2) The assassin Yan Zhi thought he was very great, so he kept him as a minor official, but Au Zai was reluctant.
(3) the countryside to do robbery hook robbers, all slanting eyes do not dare to look squarely at the district寄, none of which dared to pass through his door,
wit and flexibility (send pseudo-children cry, fear of chestnut, for the child constant strong.)
Valor and fearlessness ("At midnight, the child since the turn ...... resumed to take the blade to kill the city.")
Know the law and understand the reason ("Because of the big number ...... wish to be heard in the official.")
Do not want to be rich and powerful (the assassin Yan Zhengqiqi, stay as a minor official, refused to.)
Translation of Liu Zongyuan's "Biography of Tong Zu Zi":
Tong Zu Zi was a child who was fetching firewood and herding cows in the Chenzhou area. One day, while he was herding cows and fetching firewood, two brutal robbers kidnapped him, tied him up with his hands behind his back, covered his mouth with a cloth, and left the township for more than forty miles, wanting to sell him at the market. The district mail pretends to be a child-like crying, trembling with fear, make a picture of a child's often timid appearance. The robbers did not take him seriously, but drank and got drunk. One of the robbers left to go to the marketplace to talk about the business of buying and selling children, and the other lay down and stuck his knife in the road. When Au sent secretly saw that he was asleep, he leaned the rope by which he had bound himself against the blade of the knife, and rubbed it up and down with such force that the rope broke; then he took up the knife and killed the robber. When Au sent had not escaped far, the robber who had gone to the market to buy and sell came back, and seized Au sent, and was so frightened that he intended to kill him. Au sent hurriedly said, "Being the slave of two masters is not as good as being the slave of one master. He does not treat me well; if you, master, can really preserve my life and treat me well, whatever it takes." The robber pondered for a long time and thought, "Instead of killing this slave, where better to sell him? Instead of selling him and dividing the money between the two, where is better for me to have it all to myself? Fortunately, I killed him (the slain robber), so good!" Then he buried the body of the robber, and took Au Yon to the master of the marketplace who had harbored the robber. The more he did so, the more he tied Au Yon up tightly. In the middle of the night, the district sent himself to turn around, and burned the rope of the binding over the fire, though he burned his hand, and was not afraid; and he took his sword and killed the robber who was doing business. Then he cried out so loudly that the whole marketplace was alarmed. Au mail said, "I am the child of a family named Au, I should not be a slave. Two robbers kidnapped me, fortunately I killed them both, I would like to report this matter to the officials." The officials of the market town reported this matter to the state official. The state official in turn reported it to the government official. The prefectural official summoned Au Zai, who was but a childish and honest boy. Yan Zhi, the governor, thought he was marvelous and kept him as a minor official, but Au Zai was reluctant. The governor then gave him clothes and sent officials to escort him back to his hometown. The robbers in the countryside all squinted and didn't dare to look at Au Zai, and none of them dared to pass by his door, saying, "This boy is two years younger than Qin Wuyang, but he killed two robbers, so how can we go near him?"