When did Eight-Nation Alliance burn Yuanmingyuan?
Eight-Nation Alliance burned Yuanmingyuan 1900 On August 4th, Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing. Empress Dowager Cixi fled to xi 'an with Emperor Guangxu in her arms. There was chaos in the two capitals. Eight-Nation Alliance was burned and robbed, Yuanmingyuan was burned again, and all the remaining buildings in the park were demolished and robbed.
It was not Eight-Nation Alliance who burned Yuanmingyuan for the first time, but the British and French allied forces. Xianfeng occupied Yuanmingyuan after the British and French allied forces captured Beijing for ten years. China's defenders were outnumbered, and Wenfeng, the chief minister of Yuanmingyuan, committed suicide by throwing himself into Fuhai. Chang Ai, who lived in the garden, was scared to death.
When will Eight-Nation Alliance burn Yuanmingyuan?
After the British and French allied forces captured Beijing for ten years in Xianfeng, Qing Dynasty, they occupied Yuanmingyuan on June 6th 10. China's defenders were outnumbered, and Wenfeng, the chief minister of Yuanmingyuan, committed suicide by throwing himself into Fuhai. Chang Ai, who lived in the garden, was scared to death. Two days after the British and French allied forces looted, they marched into the city. On June 65438+1October1day, the British army sent 1200 cavalry and an infantry regiment to rob Yuanmingyuan again. James Bruce, the British plenipotentiary, took Parkes and others as an excuse to put the burning of Yuanmingyuan on the agenda as a prerequisite. 10 year 10 month 18 day, 3500 British troops rushed into Yuanmingyuan and set fire to it. The fire didn't go out for three days, and the Yuanmingyuan and its nearby Qingyi Garden, Jingming Garden, Jingyi Garden, Changchun Garden and Haidian Town were all burned into ruins. Nearly 300 eunuchs, ladies-in-waiting and craftsmen were buried in the fire of Anyou Palace. Become a rare atrocity in the history of world civilization.
Burning Yuanmingyuan is a common saying. In fact, the real concept of burning Yuanmingyuan is not just burning Yuanmingyuan, but burning the royal three mountains and five gardens in the west of Beijing. The burning area is much larger than that of Yuanmingyuan.
These three mountains and five gardens are: Wanshou Mountain, Yuquan Mountain, Xiangshan Mountain, Qingyi Garden, Yuanmingyuan Garden, Changchun Garden, Jingming Garden and Jingyi Garden.
Invaders burned Yuanmingyuan twice in history. The Yuanmingyuan was burned for the first time in the tenth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty, when the British and French allied forces invaded Beijing. The British and French allied forces burned and looted everywhere, savagely plundered and burned the world-famous Yuanmingyuan, and most of the temple buildings in the park were destroyed by fire. The British and French allied forces burned the Yuanmingyuan, aiming to raze it to the ground. However, due to the large area of Yuanmingyuan, scattered scenic spots and vast waters, some remote places and scenic spots in the water survived. According to the winter survey in the 12th year of Tongzhi, there are still 13 buildings in the park. For example, Pengdao Yaotai and Cangzhou Wu in Yuanmingyuan, Dagongmen and Zhengjue Temple in Qichun Garden, etc.
Yuanmingyuan was burned for the second time in the 26th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty. Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing and set fire to Yuanmingyuan again, which made the remaining 13 royal palace buildings looted and burned again.
In literary works, it seems that the sin of burning Yuanmingyuan is attributed to the incompetence of Empress Dowager Cixi. It sounds reasonable, but it's not exact. Countless facts in history show that a poor, backward and weak country and nation can only be oppressed, exploited, humiliated and plundered. The history of burning Yuanmingyuan once again proves that a poor, backward and weak country will be beaten.
Now, Yuanmingyuan has been turned into a ruins park, and protective maintenance is being carried out on the ruins, and the mountain water system, garden vegetation, bridges and culverts are restored, and some ancient buildings will also be rebuilt.
When will Eight-Nation Alliance burn Yuanmingyuan?
1860 Yuanmingyuan was burned. It was burned by the allied forces of Britain and France in the Second Opium War, not by Eight-Nation Alliance. Although Eight-Nation Alliance includes Britain and France, it is 1900.
When will Eight-Nation Alliance burn Yuanmingyuan?
1860 Yuanmingyuan was burned. Xianfeng occupied the Yuanmingyuan after the British and French allied forces captured Beijing for ten years. China's defenders were outnumbered, and Wenfeng, the chief minister of Yuanmingyuan, committed suicide by throwing himself into Fuhai. Chang Ai, who lived in the garden, was scared to death.
With the support of British Prime Minister Pa Max Don, British leader Elgin ordered the burning of Yuanmingyuan. 3500 British troops rushed into Yuanmingyuan and set fire to it. The fire lasted for three days.
Yuanmingyuan and its nearby Qingyi Garden, Jingming Garden, Jingyi Garden, Changchun Garden and Haidian Town were all burned into ruins. In Anyou Palace, nearly 300 eunuchs, maids-in-waiting, and craftsmen were buried in the sea of fire. Turn this world-famous garden into ruins. The fire burned for three days and nights and became a rare atrocity in the history of world civilization.
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Event assessment:
Burning Yuanmingyuan is undoubtedly one of the worst cultural destruction actions in history, which can be compared with burning Alexander the Great's library and Gothic tribes trampling on Rome.
The French pointed out at the time that it was like the Louvre and the French National Library being destroyed at the same time. Moreover, this atrocity is the representative behavior of the so-called "civilized" non-European world in the two countries.
The burning of Yuanmingyuan fully illustrates the hypocrisy of this action and its racist basis. In the civilized countries of Europe, such cultural destruction is unimaginable even in wartime, but China is obviously not within this moral principle. This lesson is still fresh in China people's memory.
Hugo, a great French writer, commented on Yuanmingyuan in 186 1: "Imagine that it is a fascinating building like the castle of the Moon Palace, and the Summer Palace is such a building."
People often say: Greece has the Parthenon, Egypt has the pyramids, Rome has the Colosseum, and the East has the Summer Palace. This is an amazing and unparalleled masterpiece. "
The disaster of burning Yuanmingyuan was described and criticized by Hugo, a famous French writer: one day, two robbers broke into the Summer Palace, one robbed and the other set fire. They returned to Europe happily. These two robbers, one is called France, and the other is called England. They * * * shared the Yuanmingyuan, the treasure house of the East, thinking that they had won a great victory!
Some commentators said: the destruction of Yuanmingyuan, a famous garden of a generation, is not only a witness to the brutal destruction of human culture by western invaders, but also a proof that ancient civilization will be beaten if it falls behind.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-burning Yuanmingyuan
When will Eight-Nation Alliance burn Yuanmingyuan?
In the 26th year of Guangxu, Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing and burned the Yuanmingyuan.
When it comes to burning the Yuanmingyuan, many people will say that it was 1900 when Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing. In fact, as early as 1860, the British and French allied forces burned the Yuanmingyuan.
1860 65438+1October18,3500 British troops rushed into Yuanmingyuan and set fire to it. The fire lasted for three days and nights, and thick smoke hung over Beijing for a long time. This unique garden masterpiece was burned together.
1900, Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing, and the gardens in the western suburbs were looted again. This time, the Qing government has completely lost control of Yuanmingyuan. Bandits and local ruffians are not satisfied with robbing foreigners of their surplus wealth. They sawed off the scattered buildings, columns and wooden bridges in the garden after the fire robbery, and pulled them down with big ropes. The trees and trees in the garden were also cut down.
At that time, the timber in Qinghe town was piled up like a mountain, and the trade was busy. There were many charcoal factories in the park, and all the branches and roots were burned into charcoal. [20] All the buildings and ancient and famous trees in Yuanmingyuan were destroyed.
Extended data
Judging from the historical facts at that time, the British and French allied forces burned not only the Yuanmingyuan, but also other gardens in the three mountains and five gardens.
On September 2 1 day in the tenth year of Xianfeng, the British and French allied forces fought fiercely with the Qing army led by SengQin, Shengbao and others for three or four hours in Baliqiao, Tongzhou, Beijing. After the defeat of the Qing army, the British and French allied forces also took a few days off.
654381October 3, British and French troops marched into Beijing. When they learned that the main force of the Qing army was deployed in the Yuanmingyuan area, the allies followed closely. 6543810.6, the British and French allied forces outflanked the Sengqin and Ruilin departments stationed in Deshengmen and Andingmen. At 9 o'clock in the evening, the French army was ready to invade Yuanmingyuan, and was desperately resisted by more than 20 eunuchs headed by the general eunuch Ren Liang.
On the morning of October 7th, 65438/KLOC-0, the French army broke into Yuanmingyuan and began to rob it crazily. British soldiers who arrived in the afternoon also joined the robbery, and the most precious things in Yuanmingyuan were looted. At that time, it was recorded in the Biography of Geng Shenyi's Atmosphere that Yuanmingyuan "searched for imperial treasures, books, calligraphy and paintings, and royal clothes."
Elgin, the chief British negotiator, shirked the responsibility of looting Yuanmingyuan to the French army. In Lord Elgin's letters and diaries, he described the tragic scene of the looting of Yuanmingyuan: "It is bad enough to plunder and ravage such a place, but it is even worse to destroy it.
The original property with a total value of/kloc-0.00 million pounds, I dare say that 50,000 pounds is not worth it. French soldiers tried their best to tear up the most beautiful silk, break jade ornaments and porcelain, and so on. "
However, the invaders did not stop there. According to French Pierre Mathieu's From Paris to Baliqiao, Ellison's Translator's Notes and Paru's Journey to China, 10 On the afternoon of June 7th, the British and French allied forces began to set fire to the palace outside the Grand Palace of Yuanmingyuan, and the fire became more and more fierce.
654381October 9, after the British and French allied forces withdrew from Yuanmingyuan, the Qing army put out the fire. The fire burned for three days. 165438+1On October 8th, Minister Akiyama of the Ministry of Interior and General Manager Wang personally went to Yuanmingyuan to investigate the situation in detail.
According to the record of "Chad Robbed and Burned in and out of Yuanmingyuan in Mingshan", on August 23rd, the British and French allied forces burned down the Qingyan Hall in Jiuzhou, Changchun Hall, Shangxiatianguang, Gaoshuichangshan, Tong Yuan Park and Dadongmen in Yuanmingyuan.
Meanwhile, what about other royal gardens? On the third day of September in the tenth year of Xianfeng, Bao _, Minister of Interior Affairs, said in his book "Bao _ Played Forbidden Garden Was Robbed" that on August 23, 200 invading troops broke into Qingyi Garden in Wanshou Mountain, "looting the furnishings of various temples, and many large pieces were damaged and small pieces were robbed."
The next day, the invading army rushed into the Jingming Garden of Yuquan Mountain and looted it. In this letter, Bao _ also said: "Jingyi Garden, the barbarians have not gone, and the furnishings in the temple are still blocked."
It can be seen that after the first invasion of the Three Mountains and Five Gardens by the British and French allied forces, Yuanmingyuan was mainly burned, Qingyi Garden and Jingming Garden were robbed, but they were not burned. Xiangshan Jingyi Garden may be due to the long distance, and the British and French allied forces did not get there.
1860, 10 On June 7th, Elgin, an Englishman, swore to burn the Yuanmingyuan under the pretext that the Qing government abused and killed 18 British and French "expatriates", "as a punishment for the treachery of Emperor China".
10 year 10 month 18 day, binary ordered the Yuanmingyuan to be burned. As a result, 3,500 British troops led by Lieutenant General Mitchell swarmed in, and the Yuanmingyuan suffered a second fire. The fierce fire brought great losses to Yuanmingyuan.
British Infantry Lieutenant Colonel wolseley said in Memoirs of the War against China in 1860 that by the evening of June in 19, only broken walls was left in Yuanmingyuan. More than 300 ladies-in-waiting, eunuchs and craftsmen in Anyou Palace were burned alive, which is really inhuman.
China News Network-When the British and French allied forces burned Yuanmingyuan twice, which other gardens were burned?
Baidu encyclopedia-Yuanmingyuan
When did Eight-Nation Alliance burn Yuanmingyuan?
1709, Kangxi decided to build a garden for Yin _, the fourth son of the emperor, which was later Yongzheng.
By the time Yongzheng 1722 ascended the throne, the scale of the garden had not only expanded, but also Zheng Da Guangming Hall and Qin Zhengtang were added. Later, Yongzheng simply asked the cabinet, six departments and military departments to set up offices here so that they could come here to cool off in summer.
After Qianlong acceded to the throne, he also liked it here, so he added Changchun Garden and Wanchun Garden, which later became Yuanmingyuan.
After the management of Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfeng dynasties, Yuanmingyuan is famous overseas and in the world for its magnificent architectural scale, outstanding construction skills, exquisite garden scenery, rich cultural collection and profound national cultural connotation, and is called "the model of all gardening arts".
However, this treasure of human civilization was completely destroyed by the self-proclaimed British-French Coalition forces on June 6, 1980, leaving only today's ruins in the vast Yuanmingyuan.
After signing the treaty of nanking, the western invaders were still not satisfied, and they hoped to continue to expand their rights and interests in China. Then, in 1856 and 10, Britain and France flagrantly launched the second opium war against China.
Because of the corruption and incompetence of the Qing dynasty, even though many soldiers of the Qing army fought bravely, they could not resist the invasion of the British and French Coalition forces in the end. On August 1860 and 1 day, the British and French allied forces landed in Tianjin. More than a month later, on September 22nd, Emperor Xianfeng fled to the summer resort Jehol with the top officials of the Qing government in the name of hunting in the north.
It's ironic. Obviously, it is an escape, but also the reason of "hunting in the north" to cover it up.
After Xianfeng fled, many troops in Beijing still stayed behind to fight the invaders. However, due to backward equipment, Beijing eventually fell. 101On the evening of October 6, the British and French allied forces entered the Yuanmingyuan.
No one would have imagined that the last group of people defending Yuanmingyuan turned out to be more than 20 eunuchs.
Although they have physical defects, they are well-deserved national heroes compared with Emperor Xianfeng.
After the British and French allied forces entered the Yuanmingyuan, everyone went crazy. They can't believe that there will be such a magnificent building in this world. You know, with Britain and France, how can their cultural heritage compare with ours?
As soon as he entered the Yuanmingyuan, French commander montauban told the French Foreign Minister to get ready, because they wanted to dedicate the most valuable and rare things in Yuanmingyuan to the French emperor Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte or collect them in the French museum.
Before long, all the invaders who entered Yuanmingyuan went crazy, and all the military rules and disciplines, benevolence and morality were left behind. They just want to grab as many gold and silver treasures and cultural and artistic treasures as possible.
According to eyewitness memories, at that time, the tents of the French army were filled with all kinds of rare treasures inside and outside. Until the British and French invaders couldn't take it away, they set a fire and burned the whole Yuanmingyuan and all the cultural treasures that could not be taken away or moved.
The garden of ten thousand gardens, a model of all gardening arts, was destroyed by a fire for three days and three nights.
The past is like smoke, but I hope Chinese people will never forget that humiliating history.