● The heart is a powerful, tireless and hard-working pump. The relationship between the heart and the body is like the relationship between the engine and the car.

● If a person's heart beats 70 times per minute on average and his life span is 70 years old, his heart will beat nearly 2.6 billion times in his life. Once the heart stops beating and cannot beat again through rescue, it means that a person's life is terminated.

Heart disease is the number one killer of human health. 13 of the world's population deaths are caused by heart disease, while in China, hundreds of thousands of people die of heart disease every year.

Early symptoms

Look at your face and find out early

As the saying goes, prevent diseases early, nip in the bud; It's never too late to treat a disease early. The key to heart disease prevention and treatment is "early".

So how to find heart disease at an early stage? That is, look at the face and observe the color: apart from the familiar symptoms such as palpitation and precordial pain, heart disease often has some superficial symptoms. Pay attention to these premonitory symptoms, and you can find them early and treat them early.

These body surface signs include:

◆ Shortness of breath occurs when breathing is slightly active or quiet, but it is not accompanied by cough and expectoration. This situation is likely to be a manifestation of left ventricular dysfunction.

If your face is pale, purple and indifferent, it is a dying face in the late stage of heart disease. If the face is dark red, it is a feature of rheumatic heart disease and mitral stenosis. If it is pale, it may be a sign of mitral insufficiency.

◆ If the nose is hard, it means that there is too much heart fat accumulation. If the tip of the nose is swollen, it means that the heart fat may also be swollen, or the heart disease is expanding. Besides, a red nose usually indicates a heart disease.

◆ The skin of patients with chronic heart failure and pulmonary heart disease can be dark brown or deep purple, which is related to long-term hypoxia and decreased adrenal cortex function. The skin mucosa and limbs are blue-purple, indicating that the heart lacks oxygen and the reduced blood protein in the blood increases.

◆ Patients with ear and heart have tinnitus of different degrees in the early stage. This is because the microvascular dynamics of the inner ear is abnormal. When the disease does not cause systemic reaction, the inner ear will receive a warning signal. If there are continuous wrinkles in your earlobe, it is probably caused by coronary atherosclerosis.

◆ If the head and neck protrude from the clavicle to the earlobe, if the little finger is thick, it is probably right heart insufficiency.

◆ The weather on the shoulder is obviously good, but there are bursts of soreness on the left shoulder and the inside of the left arm, which may be coronary heart disease.

◆ The fingers or toes of hands and feet are obviously thick, and the nail surface is raised like a drumstick, which is common in patients with chronic pulmonary heart disease or congenital cyanotic heart disease.

◆ Edema of lower limbs in middle-aged and elderly people is often a manifestation of venous blood return obstruction caused by cardiac insufficiency. In addition, if you often have palpitations and asthma, you can only relieve it by squatting, which is a unique manifestation of purple clamp heart disease.

Pay attention to chest tightness and palpitation

I found that many elderly people lack understanding of some of their symptoms, while some young people don't pay much attention to symptoms such as chest tightness and palpitation, and often think that it doesn't matter, just bear with it. It is these thoughts that delay the best treatment time. There is a 40-year-old college leader who is usually uncomfortable, but he doesn't pay attention to it. As a result, he died suddenly and young, which is a great pity. If he went to see a doctor in time, the result would be very different. Therefore, as long as active treatment, the cure and remission of heart disease is still very optimistic.

High incidence population

1. Male over 45 years old, female over 55 years old.

2. smokers.

3. Patients with hypertension.

4. Diabetic patients.

5. Patients with hypercholesterolemia.

6. Family history of genetic diseases.

7. Obese people.

8. Lack of exercise or work pressure.

way of life

Although it is difficult to change the risk factors such as age, sex and family history of hereditary diseases, some heart diseases can be effectively prevented if the remaining risk factors are effectively controlled. It is very important for heart patients to learn self-management in daily life and establish a good and healthy lifestyle.

From 65438 to 0954, Eisenhower, the 34th president of the United States, suffered from severe heart failure. His personal doctor, Dr. White, advised him to change some lifestyles, such as losing weight, quitting smoking and keeping exercising. Although he was busy with government affairs, Eisenhower accepted the doctor's advice and persisted. Soon after, he actually resumed full-time work and became active in the political arena. It can be seen that a scientific lifestyle will not only prevent diseases, but also reduce the degree of diseases. It is entirely possible for patients' quality of life to return to the level before illness, or even be healthier than before.

Suggested preventive measures may include:

Control weight

Studies show that weight gain 10%, average cholesterol increase 18.5, and the risk of coronary heart disease increases by 38%. Weight gain of 20% increases the risk of coronary heart disease by 86%, and the prevalence of coronary heart disease in hypertensive patients with diabetes is 1 times higher than that in hypertensive patients without diabetes.

give up smoking

Nicotine in tobacco can accelerate the heartbeat, increase blood pressure (excessive smoking can reduce blood pressure), increase cardiac oxygen consumption, vasospasm, abnormal blood flow and increase platelet adhesion. These adverse effects make the incidence of coronary heart disease in male smokers aged 30-49 three times higher than that in non-smokers, and smoking is also an important cause of angina pectoris and sudden death.

give up drinking

An experiment by American scientists confirmed that ethanol is toxic to the heart. Excessive intake of ethanol can reduce myocardial contractility. For people with heart disease, alcoholism will not only increase the burden on the heart, but even lead to arrhythmia, affect fat metabolism and promote the formation of arteriosclerosis.

Improve the living environment

Places with serious pollution and high noise intensity may induce heart disease. Therefore, improve the living environment, expand the green area, reduce noise and prevent all kinds of pollution.

In order to avoid crowding

Avoid going to crowded places. Viral myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, coronary heart disease and rheumatic heart disease are all related to viral infection, and even heart failure is often aggravated by upper respiratory tract infection. Therefore, we should pay attention to avoid going to crowded places, especially in the cold season, so as to avoid infection.

Reasonable diet

The diet should be reasonable. Hyperlipidemia, unbalanced diet, diabetes and obesity are all related to dietary nutrition, so from the perspective of heart disease prevention and treatment, nutritional factors are very important. In principle, we should achieve "three lows": low calorie, low fat and low cholesterol.

Moderate exercise

Take an active part in moderate exercise. Keeping regular and proper exercise is conducive to enhancing heart function and promoting normal metabolism, especially for promoting fat metabolism and preventing atherosclerosis. For patients with heart disease, according to heart function and physical strength, engaging in moderate physical activity is helpful to improve blood circulation, enhance resistance, improve the function of various organs in the whole body and prevent thrombosis. However, excessive activity should also be avoided. In order not to cause symptoms, the amount of activity should be gradually increased.

Regular life

Develop healthy living habits. Live a regular life and be happy, avoiding emotional excitement and overwork.

Special reminder

Reminder 1: Eat more vegetarian food.

Many people think that we humans are carnivores because we eat meat almost every day. However, the study of human evolution and human history proves that human body structure and physiological function are more like herbivores. Everyone must feel strange, so let's take a look at the comparison between herbivores and carnivores.

Main differences of body structure between carnivores and herbivores (table)

Carnivorous herbivore

Claw-free hands or hooves.

Sharp and blunt teeth

Short length of intestine

Drinking pattern licking

Breathing (without sweat glands) and sweating (with sweat glands) by lowering body temperature.

The way to get vitamins is to make them yourself and get them from food.

One comparison is obvious-humans are more like herbivores than carnivores. Although human beings have gradually become omnivores in the process of long-term adaptation to nature, the basic characteristics of herbivores have not changed significantly and have remained so far. However, in the past 200 years, the development of economy has made great changes in human diet, especially people began to stay away from vegetarian food and cereal and eat too much meat. Compared with the evolutionary history of human beings, this change is so rapid that human genes and physiological functions characterized by "herbivores" cannot adapt to the environment dominated by meat food. This disorder eventually leads to many new diseases, including modern heart disease.

Epidemiological research has proved that "economic development → unhealthy lifestyle epidemic → cardiovascular disease epidemic" is a trilogy with obvious causal relationship. The most typical example is Nauru. Nauru was once a poor island. Rare minerals were discovered in the late 1960s, and this country became the richest country in the world overnight. Unexpectedly, a few years later, diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases appeared in Nauru. 70% of people over 50 suffer from diabetes, which is the highest in the world, and the government and people have paid a heavy price for it.

Economic development provides material possibilities for unhealthy lifestyles. Therefore, we must make it clear that although the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases cannot be said to be the inevitable result of economic development, it is the punishment that human beings violate the laws of nature. For example, Western-style fast food, which is regarded as junk by western countries, is rich in calories and saturated fatty acids, but now it is popular in China and has won the love of many children. In the long run, it will seriously affect health. We should imitate our ancestors more, eat more plant foods (including cereal starch, vegetables and fruits), and eat less animal foods (except fish), especially foods containing saturated fat and cholesterol, and stay away from "unhealthy" foods such as McDonald's and KFC.

Standard table of healthy diet

(Healthy eating should meet the following requirements)

1. The daily intake of cholesterol should not exceed 300mg.

2. Fat intake should not exceed 30% of total calories.

3. Eat less or not eat refined sugar foods such as sucrose and glucose.

4. Eat more foods rich in vitamin C, such as fruits, fresh vegetables and vegetable oils.

5. Eat less and foods with high fatty acid and cholesterol content, such as fat, egg yolk, animal oil and animal offal.

6. Diet should be high in potassium and low in sodium, and bean products and tea should be encouraged.

7. Eat regularly, not too hungry or too full.

8. Appropriate intake of cellulose food (including grain starch), keep the stool unobstructed.

Reminder 2: Suitable for sports.

Another important cause of heart disease is lack of exercise. People who live in the same environment often sit still, and the probability of suffering from coronary heart disease is twice as high as that of people who are often active.

What are the benefits of exercise for the heart? Exercise can promote the enlargement, extension and increase of small blood vessels in the heart, improve oxygen supply to the myocardium and improve lipid metabolism in the blood. Exercise also helps to improve myocardial metabolism, improve the working ability of myocardium and the metabolic function of the heart. In addition, it can also improve the fibrinolytic activity of blood and prevent hypercoagulability, which is very helpful to prevent and delay the development of atherosclerosis.

Taking an active part in physical exercise is one of the effective means to prevent and treat heart disease. In order to protect the heart, we suggest the following exercise methods:

Physical exercise table

1. Walking: Walking can enhance myocardial contractility, dilate peripheral blood vessels, enhance heart function, lower blood pressure and prevent coronary heart disease. It can improve the condition of people who will cause angina pectoris when participating in sports. Each walk can last 20 minutes to 1 hour, 1 ~ 2 times a day, or walk 800 ~ 2000m a day. People in good health can improve their walking speed appropriately.

2. Jogging: Jogging or running in situ can also improve heart function. As for the distance of jogging and the time of running in situ, it should be decided according to everyone's specific situation, and there is no need to force it.

3. Tai Ji Chuan: It has a good preventive and therapeutic effect on hypertension and heart disease. Generally speaking, patients with good physical strength can practice old-fashioned Tai Ji Chuan, while patients with poor physical strength can practice simplified Tai Ji Chuan. If you can't play a full set, you can play a half set. If your body is weak and your memory is poor, you can only practice individual movements and practice them in sections without coherence.

Matters needing attention in physical exercise:

1. If anyone's heart rate is still above 100 times per minute after exercise10 minutes, he should not increase the amount of exercise, and should appropriately reduce the amount of exercise according to the situation.

2. The amount of exercise is from small to large, and the time is from short to long, step by step.

3. The interval between eating and exercising should be at least 1 hour.

4. The optimum temperature for exercise is 4℃-30℃.

5. If you have dizziness, headache, palpitation, nausea, vomiting and other uncomfortable symptoms during exercise, you should stop immediately and seek medical advice if necessary.

In addition, one thing to remind everyone is that it is inappropriate to exercise in the morning. According to the measurement of foreign scholars, 6:00-9:00 am is the most dangerous time for coronary heart disease and cerebral hemorrhage, and the incidence rate is more than three times higher than that of 1 1 am. In addition, human sympathetic nerve activity is high in the morning, which leads to the increase of bioelectrical instability and easily leads to arrhythmia, ventricular fibrillation and sudden death. In addition, people's arterial pressure is high in the morning, which increases the possibility of atherosclerotic plaque rupture and leads to the attack of acute coronary syndrome. Therefore, when doing physical exercise, we should avoid the "peak period" of cardiovascular events and arrange the time in the afternoon and evening.

Reminder 3: Peace of mind

Emotion and health are inseparable. No matter what age people are, bad emotions are very unfavorable. Once a person's mood is tense and excited, it will excite sympathetic nerves and increase catecholamine. In this way, the heartbeat will accelerate, blood pressure will rise, and myocardial oxygen consumption will increase significantly, aggravating the condition of patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure. More seriously, these changes sometimes lead to fatal arrhythmia and cardiac arrest.

Great rejoicing and great anger are taboos. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that when you are happy and sad, there will be a series of symptoms of heart deficiency, such as palpitation, fatigue, chest tightness, shortness of breath, pulse stagnation and so on. In severe cases, there will be cold sweat, tepid limbs, heartburn, palpitation, chest tightness, chest pain and other symptoms. This change is similar to coronary heart disease arrhythmia, cardiogenic shock and so on. On the contrary, anger is contrary to qi, and the operation of qi is blocked. Qi handsome is blood, pneumatic is blood, qi stagnation is blood stasis, and qi stagnation is blood stasis, which leads to obstruction and pain. A series of reactions caused by anger are similar to angina pectoris of coronary heart disease or acute myocardial infarction. It can be seen that maintaining a healthy mental state is very important for each of us.

The ancients advocated "harmony and wealth, yin and yang, and rigidity and softness." This can be said to be the motto of maintaining the heart. We should keep in touch with people, understand the society and environment, and realize that we are a member of society. Older friends can also cultivate their temperament by planting flowers, raising fish, playing chess, painting and calligraphy according to their hobbies.

Reminder 4: insist on taking medicine

I also want to remind you that you can't wait until you have a heart attack before you go to the hospital. You should take medicine often. Only taking medicine regularly is the best way to control the disease. Many patients with coronary heart disease have a box of musk pills around them, but more than half of them don't eat them, some are reluctant to eat them, and some think they haven't taken their medicine until angina attacks. This is actually a misunderstanding of medication. Shexiang Baoxin Pill is a drug that can exert the greatest effect when taken frequently. Only taking it regularly can improve cardiovascular function, reverse cardiac hypertrophy, protect cardiac function and reduce the incidence of angina pectoris.