Harmony means that all elements and parts in the system are well-proportioned and properly coordinated. An ecosystem, especially in the global, regional or local areas, is a system in which the complex cattle community and its environment (including water, atmosphere, soil, rocks, etc.) are interdependent, mutually restrictive, relatively stable and self-organizing, and water is the most active and important controlling factor. While moistening everything, water affects the evolution and change of the whole nature with its own laws of abundance and dryness and dynamic characteristics. All life elements in the ecosystem are born of water and exist according to it, which is very sensitive to the quantitative and qualitative changes of water. To promote water conservancy and eliminate water disasters, human society has been multiplied and developed in the dependence and struggle with water. Dealing with the relationship between man and nature in water control has become an important task for the sustainable survival and development of mankind.
The so-called harmony between man and nature in water control refers to people-oriented and the balance and coordination between man and nature. Under the framework of the whole river basin ecosystem, we should properly handle the relationship between human activities and water conservancy and water disasters, rationally seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, correctly treat natural disasters such as floods and droughts, and reduce man-made disasters such as water pollution, so as to reduce the degree of harm caused by water to human beings to an acceptable level, and at the same time, minimize the interference of human activities on water circulation and reduce human infringement on water; Handle the relationship between human water intake and other water use in nature, and control the development and utilization of water resources in a state that can maintain the basic functions of water bodies and the sustainable utilization of water resources, so that water can benefit the whole nature while benefiting human beings.
Adhering to the concept of harmonious coexistence between man and nature in water control reflects the change of value orientation. From "people-centered" and the value concept of people controlling and ruling nature, it has changed into the concept of people-oriented, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development, emphasizing the harmonious development of man and nature and the progress of * * *. Adhering to the harmonious coexistence between man and nature in water control reflects the change of thinking mode. From an isolated and single-goal thinking mode to a systematic, comprehensive and dialectical thinking mode, from the previous economic growth as the only goal, to the coordination of economic growth and ecosystem protection, taking all advantages and disadvantages into account, while transforming nature to meet human needs, restraining human behavior and taking into account the harmony and stability of nature. The concept of harmony between man and nature involves all aspects of water control, from ideas, countermeasures and measures to planning, design and management, which need constant exploration, practice and innovation.
Second, harmony between man and nature is the only way for economic and social development to a certain extent and stage, and it is the inevitable choice for human beings after summing up their experiences and lessons.
In the long history before the industrial revolution, the level of productivity was relatively low, human activities had little impact on nature, and man and nature maintained a relatively harmonious state. In philosophy, it emphasizes the connection, similarity and unity of "Heaven" and "Humanity", "Nature" and "Man-made". Zhuangzi believes that "heaven and earth coexist with me, and everything is one with me", and man and nature are one; Confucius advocated the theory of "destiny", regarded "destiny" as the master of all things, and asked people to "respect destiny" and "fear destiny"; Laozi advocates "natural inaction" and thinks that people are powerless in front of nature and society. This simple view of "harmony between man and nature" resulted in a close and harmonious relationship between man and nature in China's generation. In dealing with floods, we should avoid floods by "choosing the hills", "moving cities to avoid them", divert floods by "dredging the Nine Rivers", and leave enough space on both sides of the river for the water to "have a rest, swim from side to side, be gentle but not urgent" for flood storage, all of which are sufficient reflections of this idea. In the development of water and soil resources, in the pre-Qin period, it was emphasized that "the axe can enter the mountains with time, and the trees can't be used" and "those who don't plant trees have no trees", which played a very good role in protecting vegetation and planting trees to facilitate afforestation.
With the passage of time, the rapid increase of population, the accumulation of human experience and knowledge, and the development of science and technology, especially after the industrial revolution, the ability of human beings to transform and influence nature has become stronger and stronger, and the idea that "man can conquer nature" and "man is the master of nature" has become stronger and stronger, and nature has been gradually regarded as an inexhaustible treasure, exploited and utilized unscrupulously, and at the same time regarded as a bottomless dustbin without scruple. In recent decades, China's action of "changing the land for another day" is unprecedented. In order to load too many people, strive for more space and produce enough food, people occupy the river beach, reclaim land around the lake, and destroy forests (grass) to open up wasteland; In order to meet the rapidly growing demand for water, people have built one water storage and diversion project after another, which can cut off the Yellow River, dry up the Haihe River, drain the underground aquifer and use every drop of water. In order to reduce the production cost, sewage and wastewater are discharged into rivers and lakes without treatment.
More than a hundred years ago, Engels pointed out that human beings can dominate nature by changing nature to make it serve their own purposes, but every step we take should remember that human beings never stand outside nature when they rule nature.
Nowadays, the concept of sustainable development is deeply rooted in people's hearts. Facing all kinds of problems in the field of water resources in China, it is an inevitable choice to change from "transforming nature to conquering nature" to "harmony between man and nature". Of course, this choice is not a simple repetition and regression of the distant past, but a comprehensive development and sublimation, based on a deeper understanding and grasp of the law of water control and the pursuit and desire for sustainable development.
Three, adhere to the harmony between man and nature, we must adhere to respect for the laws of nature and give full play to people's subjective initiative in water control, and take the road of sustainable development of water conservancy.
The sun and the moon keep running, the rivers keep running, and nature has its own running rules; Human beings take water, use water and drain water, and water enters human society, and water control activities need to follow social laws. Only by constantly discovering and understanding the law in the practice of water control, and following the law and using the law, can we achieve tangible results.
1.Under the framework of the protection and restoration of the whole basin ecosystem, consider the countermeasures to solve China's water resources problems as a whole.
Watershed is the carrier of water resources, and any river, lake and other water bodies are closely related to their watersheds. Healthy rivers and lakes must have a healthy watershed ecosystem as the foundation and support. In the practice of water control, we should consider the solution of water resources problems under the framework of the protection and restoration of the whole basin ecosystem.
The protection and restoration of watershed ecosystems includes not only water ecosystems such as lakes, rivers and wetlands, but also land ecosystems such as forests, grasslands and farmland. Mainly refers to the rational development and utilization of water, land, wetlands, vegetation and other natural resources in the basin, limiting or eliminating all kinds of disturbances that cause the degradation of the ecosystem, and realizing the sustainable utilization of water resources and the virtuous cycle of the ecosystem.
2. The flood disaster is inevitable, and the flood loss can be reduced, so the flood management mode of "human and water * * *" should be established.
There is about1000000 km2 alluvial plain in the lower reaches of rivers in China, which is the product of river flooding and sediment deposition, and is also the most threatened area in China. Because of fertile land, flat terrain and convenient transportation, many areas such as the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta have become densely populated and economically developed areas in China. It is impossible and impossible to make major adjustments and changes to the population distribution and productivity distribution that has been formed in China. The loss and influence caused by flooding and river diversion are unbearable and tolerable in today's society. Therefore, it is unrealistic to let the river flow freely and return to the natural state, and it is by no means a manifestation of harmony between man and nature.
3. Drought can't be cured, water shortage can be alleviated, and a reasonable and coordinated water use model can be established.
Drought is the main natural disaster in China, especially in the northern region. Due to the limitation of renewable water resources and the changes of abundance and drought, the problem of ten droughts is inevitable and can not be completely eradicated. In arid, semi-arid and other fragile areas and semi-humid areas in China, the development and utilization of water resources must fully consider the water demand of ecosystems in the basin, and consider the water demand of life, production, cattle and environment as a whole to maintain the basic ecosystem balance.
4. Water pollution is a problem in the process of human development.
The damage to water bodies should and can be solved. If floods, droughts and some natural disasters are involved, water pollution is purely a man-made disaster. The serious pollution of water body not only endangers people's life and health, but also causes serious losses to the national economy, and also affects the development and utilization of water resources. Different from developed countries and regions such as the United States, Japan and Europe, China has encountered serious water pollution problems in a low development stage and a short period of time. When the United States and Japan started to prevent and control pollution in the late 1960s, the per capita GDP was more than 10 times higher than China's current level, and China was faced with sustained and rapid economic and social development and
Double pressure on improving environmental quality.
5. Dialectically treat the advantages and disadvantages of human water control activities, and establish a comprehensive, long-term and dialectical concept.
The starting point of water control activities is undoubtedly to benefit mankind, but compared with different reference systems, different goals and different time, the evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of human water control activities may draw completely different conclusions. With the gradual improvement of the level of understanding, the development of science and technology and the change of pursuing goals,