quail breeding method
Hatching
Quails can be artificially hatched in an incubator, with the temperature of 38℃ and humidity of 6% on the first to sixth day, 37.8℃ and humidity of 5% on the seventh to fourteenth day, and then put into a hatcher on the 15th to 17th day, with the temperature of 37.7℃ and humidity of 65-75. Turn the eggs every 2 hours at an angle of 9 degrees. Ventilation can use the ventilation holes of the incubator. Generally, the first photo is taken on the 5th-7th day of hatching, and the second photo is taken on the 12th-13th day.
After rearing
chicks, when the hair is dry, put them in the incubator. The temperature of the incubator is 35℃ on the first 3 days, and then the temperature is lowered day by day, and then it is lowered to 32℃ on the 7th day, 3℃ on the 14th day, 25℃ on the 21st day, and after the 28th day, it can be raised at about 22-2℃. The principle of feeding is to drink water before eating.
it can be divided into single feeding and group feeding. Single feeding means keeping a male or female bird in a cage. The cage can be made of barbed wire and bamboo. The cage is 9 cm long, 2 cm wide and 15 cm high. It is divided into five small cages. The mesh size at the bottom of the cage is suitable for quail feces to pass through without toes stepping in, and the spacing is about 1 cm. The feeding surface of quail cages has a wide mesh, which enables them to feed out of their heads and necks. A trough and sink are hung outside the cage. The group feeding method is to feed in small groups in large cages, with about 1 animals as appropriate.
Feeds
include corn flour, rice bran, bean cake powder, bran, fish meal, bone meal, leaf meal, salt, vegetables, insects and so on. Feed should be more diversified and comprehensive in nutrition. Feed with good quality, strong palatability, complete nutrition, low price and sufficient supply can be selected to form compound feed. Quails are mainly fed semi-wet feed, five times a day, and each quail is given about 3 grams of concentrate every day. Quails like warmth and are afraid of cold. Do a good job in heatstroke prevention and cooling in summer; The house should be heated in winter, and the room temperature should be kept above 1℃.
disease prevention
quail grows fast, has short maturity and rapid reproduction, so it is relatively simple to raise quail. However, quails are prone to diseases in the feeding process, and the common diseases are pullorum, coccidiosis, ulcerative enteritis, diphtheria and so on.
pullorum disease is a common and harmful bacterial infectious disease. The sick quail is listless. The feces are white paste. Adding .4% sulfadiazine or .1% sulfaquinoxaline to sick quail feed has certain effect. Cages should be kept clean and dry, and the temperature should be stable to prevent overcrowding.
Coccidiosis is an acute epidemic disease caused by intestinal infection, with loose feathers and bloody feces. Sulfamethazine or sulfadimidine can be mixed into feed or dissolved in drinking water at a ratio of .2%. Take it for 4-5 days.
Ulcerative enteritis is a highly contagious disease of domestic quail. Quail hunched back, eyes closed, diarrhea, dihydrostreptomycin and tylosin are all good therapeutic drugs. Tetracycline and furans also have certain curative effects.
Diphtheria usually occurs in the rainy season, with swollen eyes and tears and loss of appetite. .1% dimethoxypyrimidine sodium powder can be mixed or dissolved in water for drinking. At the same time, the head of the sick quail should be cleaned and disinfected in .5% potassium permanganate solution, and the effect is better.
Marek's disease is also a common viral disease of quail. The diseased quail is characterized by listlessness, paralysis, anemia, drooping wings and loose green feces. Visceral type is common at autopsy, which is characterized by single or multiple tumors in heart, lung, gland, stomach, liver, kidney, testis and ovary. There is no specific drug treatment for this disease, and prevention is the main way. It is effective to inject Marek vaccine subcutaneously into newborn quail.
Colibacillosis is an infectious disease caused by Escherichia coli, including acute septicemia, omphalitis, pneumonitis, perihepatitis, enteritis, arthritis, granuloma and vitelline peritonitis. The disease is a conditional disease, and improving the environment is an effective measure to prevent the disease. Enterobacter canis is mainly infected through digestive tract, respiratory tract, navel and panel wounds. Put an end to the use of spoilage and feed contaminated by mold and Escherichia coli. Strengthen quail feeding management, brush sinks and drinking utensils frequently, and use high-quality feed to enhance disease resistance.
The pathogen of calcareous foot disease is mutant knee mite, which is mostly parasitic in gaskin and toe of quail. Gaskin and toe of diseased quail are inflamed, with inflammatory exudate, forming off-white or yellow scab. In severe cases, it can cause joint swelling, toe bone deformation, walking difficulty, growth retardation and egg laying decline. During treatment, 2% sulfur ointment can be applied to the affected part twice a day for 3-5 days. You can also wash off the scabs on gaskin and toes with warm water, and then soak them in .1% trichlorfon solution for 4-5 minutes.
bronchitis is an acute and highly contagious respiratory disease caused by quail bronchitis virus * * * qbv * *. Characterized by tears, sneezing, coughing, dyspnea, sinusitis, rapid spread, high mortality. QBV is transmitted by contact and air, and turkeys and chickens may also be artificially infected, but the clinical symptoms are not wet. The incidence of quail is as high as 1%, and the mortality rate is 5-1%. The incubation period is 4-7 days. The sick quail has listlessness, conjunctival inflammation, corneal opacity and tears; Inflammation of sinuses, sometimes purulent secretion, head shaking; Sneezing, coughing, shortness of breath, tracheal rales; The lungs and trachea are inflamed and diseased, and there is a lot of mucus in them; The air sac membrane is cloudy with viscous exudate; The liver sometimes has necrotic lesions; Peritoneal inflammation, with thick exudate in abdominal cavity. Often gather together and live in a corner; Sometimes there are neurological symptoms. The eggs laid by adult quails decreased, resulting in abnormal eggs. Adding .4%-.8% oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline to feed and drinking water during illness, properly raising the temperature of the nursery and quail house and improving the ventilation conditions can reduce the death. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen epidemic prevention work to prevent drug carriers from contacting quails.
Diccoccosis is an infectious disease caused by cocci and characterized by diarrhea and tilt of the head. The clinical manifestations are depression, loss of appetite or extinction, drowsiness with eyes closed, dyspnea and disheveled feathers. Most of the sick quails tilt to one side and fall to the ground continuously. They are lifted up manually, tilt their heads and fall to the ground, and some fall to the ground to feed. Severe diarrhea, black sticky or white loose stool. Some joints are swollen and the abdomen is swollen and purple. Laying small eggs or soft eggs, white preserved eggs and brown eggs, the laying rate decreased significantly. The course of disease is 7-21 days. Pathological changes are as follows: the skin on the body surface is red, and there is serous, hemorrhagic or serous fibrous exudate in the abdominal cavity. The wall of the small intestine is thickened, the intestinal canal is thickened, there are diffuse bleeding spots on the intestinal mucosa, and some ulcer surfaces have yellow cheese-like substances with the size of sorghum grains. If the cheese is removed, the red ulcer depression can be seen. The liver is swollen, and the capsule has different degrees of bleeding spots or yellow stripes. Spleen enlargement is 1-2 times with bleeding spots. Renal enlargement is 3-4 times, and the color is dark. The fallopian tubes are pale. Control method: streptomycin 2g, mixed with water solution 24kg; .5% pure water for dysentery bacteria was used for 7 days. After an interval of 5 days, it can be cured by taking it for 7 days. During the medication period, the house and drinking utensils should be cleaned and disinfected frequently to keep the quail house clean.
the breeding mode of quail
The quail breeds from May to July. Male and female birds do not form a fixed spouse relationship, but a marriage system of one male and many females. Usually, shortly after arriving at the breeding ground, the male birds occupy the area and start courtship songs. The male birds are very aggressive in the breeding season. Nest in plain grassland, farmland edge or barren slope grass and shrub. The nest mostly uses shallow pits in the ground, and it is padded with dry fine grass stems, roots, leaves and feathers. Each nest lays 7-15 eggs, the eggs are white or olive brown with brown or rusty spots, the size is 25.6-33× 19-25mm, the weight is 5.6-7g, and the incubation period is 15-17 days.
Quail's living habits
Quail is a migratory bird, which often lives in a warm climate. It is a kind of juvenile family with relatively weak migratory ability. It has short wings and cannot fly high for a long time. It often stays up at night, likes to migrate in groups at night, and tends to flock when migrating. Someone in the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry once put some wild quails with special marks and then put them back into nature. In order to investigate its activities, the results confirmed the temperature tendency of quail. Two kinds of wild quails in China breed in western Xinjiang and eastern Inner Mongolia from June to July every year, and then migrate south for the winter. According to the preliminary investigation and textual research, there may be three routes for the two kinds of wild quails to move south: they will move south directly from Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang, and arrive in Liaoning, Hebei along the Yellow River and * * * Ludu respectively for the winter; Continue to move southward from Changdu area around Qinghai-Tibet via Sichuan, Shaanxi and Henan to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River; Moved from Changdu area to southeast coastal areas via Yunnan and Guizhou. From March to April every year, they will fly back to Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia to breed. The migration distance is about 4-1 kilometers. Of course, there are also quails that stay in the local area to breed or migrate regionally, and they like to nest on the local warm and humid aquatic plants.
except for the breeding season, they usually move in small groups. Except for migration, it rarely takes off, flying in a straight line, and often flies in a straight line at low altitude. The call is a loud and clear three-syllable whistle like dripping water, which is often described as wet my lips, and it is often called in the morning, evening or night. Give a harsh whistle when being driven away. Move to the breeding ground from early April to mid-April every year, and leave the breeding ground from mid-September to the end of September in autumn. Migrate in groups, mostly at night, and hide in the grass and bushes to rest during the day. In Compendium of Materia Medica, there is a record that "the fields are crowded, the nights are swarming, and the days are covered with grass". They mainly eat weed seeds, beans, grains and berries, tender leaves and buds, etc., and eat a lot of insects and larvae in summer, as well as small invertebrates. Breeding mode of quail