Chinese name: banana English name: banana; Latin scientific name: Musa paradisiaca Malay: pisang Alias: Musa, Ligustaceae Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Plantae Plantae Phylum: Angiosperms Phylum Magnoliophyta Class: Liliopsida Order: Zingiberales Family: Musaceae Genus: Musa Banana, pineapple, longan and lychee are known as the "four major fruits of the South". The weaker root shoots that emerge from the banana tree are pruned away, leaving the stronger ones that grow into fruit-bearing plants. There are hundreds of cultivated varieties, and some confusion arises due to different names for the same varieties around the world. Records of eating bananas appear early in Greek, Latin and Arabic writings. Perhaps the most important species is the common banana (M. sapientum, the saint's banana), of which there are several varieties, the most commonly grown being 'Gros Michel'. Records of eating bananas appear early in Greek, Latin and Arabic writings. Alexander the Great saw bananas during his expedition to India. After the discovery of America, bananas were introduced to the New World from the Canary Islands. They were first cultivated on the island of Hispaniola and soon expanded to other islands and continents. The cultivation area continues to expand and it has become a staple food in many areas. Bananas appeared on the American market in the 19th century. Bananas like hot and humid climates and thrive in deep, loose soil and well-drained soil. Irrigated cultivation has also been successful in semi-arid areas like southern Jamaica. It can be cultivated by sucking roots and pseudobulb divisions; the first harvest takes 10 to 15 months, and then harvesting is almost continuous. Banana---flowers in layers and bears fruit in layers. Frequent pruning is required to remove excessive growth of new plants and prevent overcrowding of the plants. The commercially ideal banana bunch has at least 9 bunches and weighs 22 to 65 kilograms (49 to 143 pounds). One hectare of land can produce more than 300 bunches per year. The carbohydrate content of mature fruits is as high as 22%, mainly sugar. It is rich in potassium and vitamins A and C, and has low protein and fat content. Contains 75% moisture. Bananas can be eaten fresh, fried or mashed into pies or puddings. It can also be used for seasoning muffins, pastries, and bread. Plantain is a culinary variety. Unlike other bananas, the mature fruit mainly contains starch and is not sweet. It is widely cultivated and eaten in the tropics and exported to big cities. The United States imports the most bananas, followed by the United Kingdom and Western European countries. Bananas are generally harvested before they are ripe, even when sold in the country of origin. Pre-harvest ripeness of bananas for export depends on distance to market and mode of transportation. After shipment, it is ripened with ethylene. Dedicated refrigerated ships are used for transportation between exporting countries and consumer locations in North America and Europe. The world's main production bases include Costa Rica, Honduras, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Jamaica and Martinique in Central America and the West Indies, and Brazil, South America. Colombia and Ecuador, the Canary Islands, Ethiopia, Cameroon, Guinea and Nigeria in Africa, Taiwan Island and Hainan Island in China. Banana is the fruit of the banana plant of the Musa family. Originating from southeastern Asia, it is also cultivated in Hainan, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, etc., with Taiwan and Guangdong being the most common. Harvest the fruits when they are ripe in autumn. After processing to remove astringency, wash them and use them fresh. There are two varieties of sweet banana and pink banana cultivated in our country. Sweet banana fruit is short and slightly rounded, while pink banana fruit is small and slightly curved. Its flesh is sweet and sweet, and in addition to being eaten raw, it can also be used to make a variety of processed products. Banana is one of people's favorite fruits. Europeans call it "happy fruit" because it can relieve depression. Banana is also a favorite fruit for girls to lose weight. Bananas are also known as the "fruit of wisdom". Legend has it that Buddha Sakyamuni gained wisdom after eating bananas. Bananas are high in nutrients and low in calories. They contain phosphorus, which is called the "salt of wisdom." They are also rich in protein, sugar, potassium, vitamins A and C, and also have a lot of dietary fiber, making them a very good nutritious food.

[Edit this paragraph]Variety classification

Among the four types of bananas, there are many varieties that are the main varieties of bananas.

According to some statistics, there are more than 300 banana varieties in the world, 80 in Taiwan Province of my country, and more than 30 in mainland provinces and autonomous regions. In my country, bananas are most commonly cultivated, and plantains, pink bananas, and dragon tooth bananas are also cultivated in small areas. 1. Da Zhong Gaoban Da Zhong Gaoban banana belongs to the high-dry type Xiangya banana, also known as Qinggaoba, Gaoban Xiangya banana. It is called Gaozhong Tianbao banana in Fujian and is an excellent variety in Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. The plant is tall and strong, with a pseudostem height of 260 to 360 cm and a circumference of the pseudostem of 85 to 95 cm. The leaves are long, the leaf sheaths are sparsely spaced, and the main veins on the back of the leaves are covered with white powder. The fruit ears are 75 to 85 cm long, and the number of fruit combs is 9. ~11 combs, fruit finger length 19.5~20 cm; pulp is smooth, sweet and fragrant, soluble solids 20%~30%; under normal circumstances, the yield of a single plant is 20~25kg, up to 60kg. This variety has high yield, good quality, strong drought and cold tolerance, and recovers quickly after being damaged by cold, but is susceptible to wind damage. 2． Gao Jiao Dun Landi Gao Jiao Dun Landi is a high-stem type Xiangya banana and one of the fine varieties in Gaozhou City, Guangdong Province. The plant is the tallest, with a pseudostem height of 300-400 cm and a circumference of 70-80 cm. The pseudostem is obviously thicker at the bottom and thinner at the top; the leaves are narrow and long, the petiole is slender, the leaf color is light yellow-green, and the leaf sheaths are sparsely spaced; the fruit ears are medium in size, The fruit comb and fruit index are both small, but the single fruit is long and heavy; the fruit finger is 20 to 24 cm long, the single fruit weighs more than 150 grams, the soluble solid content is 20% to 22%, and the quality is medium; under general cultivation conditions, the yield of a single plant reaches 25 to 30 kilograms, and high yielders can reach 70 kilograms. This variety has long fruit shape, high yield, and good quality. However, it has high requirements for fertilizer, water, and temperature. Its economic performance in the Pearl River Delta is not ideal. It has extremely poor wind resistance and low recovery ability after frost. Also susceptible to banana bunchy top disease. 3. Qiwei Qiwei is a high-dry type banana, mainly distributed in Gaozhou City, Guangdong, and is an excellent variety in Gaozhou City. The false stem height of the plant is 300-360 cm, the stem circumference is 65-80 cm, the stem is uniform up and down, and the skin color is light green; the leaves are upright and elongated upward, the leaves are narrow and long, the petioles are slender, the leaf sheaths are sparsely spaced, and the leaves are densely packed. The bunching is especially obvious before and after budding, hence the name; the fruit ears of Zhengzhi are longer and larger. Generally, the number of ear combs and the number of fruits are similar to those of stilt mines. The average number of ear combs is 8 to 10, the fruit finger length is 18 to 22 cm, the single fruit weight is 130 to 140 grams, the soluble solid content is 19% to 20%, and the quality is medium to high; under normal circumstances, the yield per plant can reach 25 to 25%. 30kg, up to 50kg. This variety has high yield and long fruit fingers. It is one of the varieties suitable for export and transportation to the north. However, it has poor wind resistance, cold resistance and disease resistance, and requires high water and fertilizer conditions. This breed has two strains: tall legs and tail and short legs and tail. 4. Hekou Gaoban Banana Hekou Gaoban Banana is a high-dry type Xiangya banana and is the main cultivated variety in Hekou County, Yunnan. The plant is tall, with pseudostems 260 to 300 centimeters high, neatly shaped combs, and many fruit indexes. Each ear usually has 10 combs, more than 200 fruit fingers, and the fruit fingers are 15 to 21 centimeters long. The fruit quality is smooth and sweet. The quality is good; under general cultivation conditions, the yield of a single plant is 20 to 40 kilograms, and some high-yield single plants can reach 50 kilograms. This variety has high yield and good quality and is very suitable for planting in areas with high temperature, humidity and sufficient fertilizer and water. 5. The fairy banana is a high-stem type banana. It was bred from the mutation of the northern banana in Taiwan Province. Its comprehensive characteristics are very similar to the northern banana, and it is the main variety grown in Taiwan Province. The plant is thin and tall, with a pseudostem height of 270-320 cm. The leaves are slightly longer and wider than the northern banana, and the color is lighter green. The fruit has high sugar content but the quality is slightly worse than the northern banana, with thicker fruit skin. The fruit is more resistant to storage and transportation; the plant yield is better than that of the northern banana; it has strong resistance to bunchy top disease and is suitable for extensive cultivation in thinner and barren mountains. However, the growth period is 15 to 30 days longer than that of the northern banana, and its wind resistance is also poorer. . In addition, oil bananas, Yunnan tall bananas, Guangxi tall bananas, Boyo (also known as Taiwan green bananas), Brazilian bananas, etc. are all high-dry bananas. 6. The short-footed Dunlei is a medium-dry type banana and is one of the main varieties cultivated in Gaozhou City, Guangdong and other places. The pseudostem of the plant is 250-280 cm high, with strong growth potential, long leaves and short petioles; the fruit ears are long and closely spaced. The small fruits are numerous and large, with a fruit finger length of 18 to 22 cm and a soluble solid content of 20% to 22%. The quality and flavor are better than those of Gao Jiao Dun mine and Qi Tail, and the quality is medium to high. Generally, the yield per plant is 20 to 28 kg. Individually it can reach 50 kilograms. This variety has stable yield, strong adaptability, moderate wind resistance, strong cold tolerance, and recovers quickly after frost. 7． Williams Williams is a medium-dry banana, introduced from Australia.

The plant is 250-280 cm high and 47-58 cm in circumference; the leaves are 175-193 cm long and grow slightly upright; the fruit ears are 65-80 cm long and have a good comb shape, with tightly arranged and straight fruit fingers. , the number of combs is also more, 8 to 10 combs. Fruit number is slightly less; fruit fingers are longer. The fruit size is 19-23 cm and the quality is medium. This variety has good fruit shape and commercial properties, but has poor wind resistance and is more susceptible to leaf spot disease. In various production areas of our country, the performance of traits is different and the reflections are also different. 8. Guangdong Banana No. 2 (formerly 63-1), formerly known as 63-1, is a medium-dry banana. It was bred by the Fruit Research Institute of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences from the bud mutation of introduced Vietnamese bananas. The pseudostem height of the plant is 200-265 cm, the leaf length is 203-213 cm, the petiole is 38 cm long, and the leaves are slightly shorter and wider; the fruit ear is longer and larger at 70-85 cm, and the number of ear combs and fruit index are relatively high, which are 10-11 respectively. comb. 165 to 210 pieces, the fruit fingers are slightly slender at 18 to 23 cm, the weight of a single fruit is 125 to 145 grams, the total sugar content is 19.8%, and the quality is medium to high; the average yield per plant is 22 to 32 kilograms, and it has strong wind resistance and is almost dwarf. Bananas have moderate cold and disease resistance, moderate storability, and recover quickly after being frozen. This variety has high yield, good fruit shape, good quality, and strong adaptability. It is suitable for planting in various places, but it has high requirements for water and soil. 9. Guangdong Banana No. 1, formerly known as 74-1, is a short to medium-dry banana. It was bred by the Fruit Research Institute of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 1974 from the medium bud mutation of Gaozhou dwarf bananas in Gaozhou City. The pseudostem of the plant is 200-240 cm high and strong. The upper and lower sides are relatively uniform; the leaf length is 200 cm, the petiole length is 36 cm, and the leaves are shorter and wider; the fruit ear is medium-sized, with an ear length of 68-76.3 cm, and the number of fruit combs is 10-11 combs, and the fruit number is 190-208. Each fruit is 17 to 22 centimeters long, weighs 100 to 130 grams, has a total sugar content of 19.4%, and is of medium-to-high quality. Generally, the yield per plant is 18 to 27 kilograms. It is resistant to wind, cold, and leaf spot. Storage stability is moderate. This variety has high yield, stable yield, strong stress resistance, and quick recovery after cold exposure. It is a new variety that is very suitable for cultivation in South China, especially in coastal areas with frequent typhoons. However, cultivation requires higher soil, fertilizer and water conditions, and attention should be paid to loosening the soil and proper drainage and irrigation. In addition, Guangdong Dazhong Dianba, Dongguan Zhongba, Zhongshan Yajiao, Taiwan's Beijiao, Yunnan Hekou Zhongba, Guangxi Longzhou Zhongba and other varieties are all medium-dry Xiangya bananas. 10. Gaozhou Dwarf Banana Gaozhou Dwarf Banana is a dwarf dry banana and is one of the local varieties in Gaozhou City. The pseudostem of the plant is short and strong, with a height of 150 to 170 cm; the leaves are wide, the petiole is short, and the leaf sheath distance is dense; the fruit trough is short, the fruit comb distance is dense, the fruit index is large, the fruit shape is slightly smaller, and the fruit finger length is 16 to 20 cm , the fruit quality is relatively good; under general cultivation conditions, the yield per plant is 13 to 18 kilograms. It can reach up to 28 kilograms; it has strong wind resistance and cold resistance, recovers quickly after cold damage, and is more tolerant of lean soil. It is suitable for dwarf and dense planting cultivation, but has low yield, small fruit shape, and weak resistance to bunchy top disease. 11. Tianbao Banana Tianbao Banana is a short dry banana, also known as dwarf banana, local banana, and Dujiao. It is native to Tianbao area of ??Fujian Province and is now one of the main cultivated varieties in southern Fujian. The pseudostem is 160-180 cm high, the leaves are oblong, the base of the leaves is oval, the apex is flat, the petiole is thick and short; the flesh is light yellow and white. The meat is smooth, sweet, rich in aroma, and of very good quality; the yield per plant is generally 10 to 15 kilograms, and it has strong wind resistance. This variety has good quality, is suitable for dense planting, and is suitable for cultivation in coastal areas. It is one of the best varieties for transportation to the north and export. However, it has poor cold tolerance, weak disease resistance, and degradation of the variety, so attention should be paid to it during cultivation. 12． Guangxi Dwarf Banana Guangxi Dwarf Banana is a dwarf banana, also known as Pubei Dwarf, Baishi Water Banana, Guping Banana, etc. It is the main banana variety grown in Guangxi. According to Liu Rongguang’s report: Guangxi dwarf banana plant’s pseudostem height is 150-175 cm, circumference 46-55 cm, leaf length 140-161 cm, leaf width 65-78 cm, leaf width 275-310 cm; ear length 50-56 cm cm, the fruit combs are 9 to 12 combs, the fruit index is 135 to 183, and the fruit fingers are 16.2 to 19.2 cm long. It is of high quality. The yield per plant is generally 11 to 20 kg. It has strong wind and disease resistance but small fruit fingers. In addition, Nalong bananas from Guangxi, Honghe dwarf bananas from Yunnan, and Mexican bananas introduced from Mexico are all shorter than the bananas. 13. Jiantou Plantain Jitou Plantain belongs to the plantain type and is one of the local varieties in Xinhui, Guangdong.

According to reports by Xu Linbing and others: the pseudostems of border plantain plants are 350 to 400 centimeters high and the stem circumference is 85 to 99 centimeters. The upper and lower sizes are the same, the fruit comb and fruit index are large, and the fruit index is 11 to 13.5 cm; the soluble solid content is 24% to 25%, and the quality is the same as other plantains; the yield per plant is generally 15 to 27 kg, and it has good wind resistance but The reproductive period is longer. In addition, Shunde Zhongba bananas in Shunde City, Guangdong, Guangxi horn bananas, Fujian Chai bananas, Sichuan ban bananas, and Yunnan rice bananas are all inferior plantain types. 14. Saigon banana is a type of pink banana, also known as pink banana, rice banana, glutinous rice banana, and egg banana. It was introduced from Vietnam in about 1932 and is the main variety grown in Nanning and Longzhou, Guangxi. It has been introduced in various production areas. . The pseudostem of the plant is 400-500 cm high, the petiole is 70 cm long, and the leaves are light in color with red markings. The back of the leaves is densely covered with wax powder; the number of fruit residues is as many as 14 to 18 combs, and the fruit index is high. The shape of the fruit is similar to that of Aralia elata but larger, with tapered and plump ends. The fruit fingers are 11 to 13.5 cm long, and the skin is thin and thick. The color is gray-green, light yellow when mature and easy to turn black; the flesh is milky white, tender and very sweet, with a soluble solid content of 24%, up to 28%, and a slightly light aroma; the average yield per plant is 15 to 20 kilograms. It has strong adaptability to wind resistance, cold resistance and drought resistance. This variety has medium yield, excellent quality, and strong stress resistance, but its skin is thin and easy to crack, is not resistant to storage and transportation, and is susceptible to Panama wilt disease. In addition, the Bengal banana and Zhongshan pink banana introduced from Bangladesh in 1982 by the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences are all later pink banana types. 15. Canna is a type of Aralia elata, also known as Aralia elata or Mountain banana. It is the main variety grown in Fujian Province. The pseudostem of the plant is 340-400 cm high, yellow-green in color with a few brown spots; the leaves are narrow and long, with deep petiole grooves; the fruit-shaped lines are short and slightly curved. The fruit finger is 13.0 to 16.5 cm long, plump, with sharp tips at both ends, and the peel is very thin. When mature, the skin is bright yellow and beautiful, with no spots; the pulp is milky white, the pulp tissue is firm, the flesh is smooth and sweet, and the soluble solids content is 23% to 26%. ; The yield per plant is generally 15 to 20 kilograms, and it is cold-resistant. This variety has average yield, but has good quality, strong adaptability, weak wind resistance, and is susceptible to Panama wilt. In addition, Yunnan Bengal, which was introduced from Jinghong, Yunnan to the Fruit Tree Research Institute of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 1984, also belongs to the Aralia banana type. Classification of Bananas Bananas belong to the monocotyledonous class, Musa order, Musaceae, and Musa genus in botany. Bananas have two ancestors, the pointed-leaf banana and the long-stemmed banana. Banana cultivated species evolved from the intra- or inter-specific hybrids of these two original wild banana species. Banana is a general term, also known as xiongjiao (named because of the slightly curved causal finger), ganjiao (this name has been known in ancient times), plantain, and farm banana. In my country, it is customary to classify bananas into bananas, plantains, longya bananas and pink bananas based on the shape of their stems, leaves, flowers and fruits. In 1955, Simon proposed a banana classification method. In the 1980s, the Guangdong Provincial Fruit Tree Research Institute and others used isozymes, chromosomes, fruit traits and botanical morphology to conduct more than 100 national fruit tree germplasm conservation and planting in Guangzhou banana nurseries. Each variety and strain was classified and some rules were discovered. Simon's classification. Simon's classification method uses the 15 characteristics of bananas as the standard, and then compares them one by one with the sharp banana and the long-stemmed banana, and marks them separately according to their similarities and differences. If the banana has the same characteristics as the sharp banana, 1 point will be given. , those with the same characteristics as long-stemmed bananas will be given 5 points. Those with characteristics between the sharp bananas and long-stemmed bananas will be given 2 to 4 points respectively according to the degree of similarity. The points will be determined by the number of points. The size of banana influence is used as the basis for classification (Table 5).

Table 5 Morphological representation of banana classification method Classification symbols Pointed-leaf banana (referred to as M.A) Long-stemmed banana (referred to as M.B)

1. The color of the pseudostem may be dark or light with brown spots or black spots on the edge, which may not be obvious or absent

2. The edge of the petiole groove is upright or outward, with a membranous wing underneath, not tightly wrapped around the pseudostem. The edge is downward, with no leaf wing at the lower part, tightly wrapped around the pseudostem

3. The fruit axis is generally hairy or smooth and hairless

4. Fruit stem short long

5. Ovules: Two rows of neat ovules in each ventricle. Four rows of irregular ovules in each ventricle.

6. Bract shoulders are generally higher (ratio of the height from the bract stem to the widest point of the bract to bract height <0.28), generally lower and wider (ratio >0.30)

7. The degree of curling of the bracts. The bracts unfold, bend outward and curl upward. The bracts only lift, but do not curl back.

8. The formation of bracts is lanceolate and forms long oval or wide oval

9. Bract tip sharp tip blunt tip

10. The color of the bracts is red, dark purple or yellow on the outside, pink, dark purple or brown on the inside, obvious brownish purple on the outside and bright crimson on the inside

11. The bracts fade, the interior gradually fades to yellow from top to bottom, and the interior fades evenly

12. Bract marks, protrusions, micro-protrusions

13. The shape of the free petals of male flowers. More or less wrinkles under the petal tips. Wrinkles are rare.

14. The color of the male petals is milky white, more or less pink

15. Stigma color: orange, bright yellow, cream, light yellow or pink

Note: According to Simmonds and Shepherd, 1955. According to the trait scores listed in the table, banana cultivars with a score of 15 to 23 are derived from the banana cultivars, while those with a score of 26 or more are hybrids of the banana cultivars with a sharp leaf and a long-stemmed banana.

[Edit this paragraph] Distribution area

It is native to the tropical and subtropical regions of southeastern Asia. Our country is one of the oldest countries in the world for cultivating bananas. Most of the banana varieties currently grown abroad are imported from our country. Bananas are distributed in tropical and subtropical areas within 30° north and south latitudes in the eastern, western and southern hemispheres. There are 130 countries that cultivate bananas in the world, with Central America producing the most, followed by Asia. Bananas in my country are mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Yunnan and Hainan, and are also cultivated in small quantities in Guizhou, Sichuan and Chongqing. Guangdong is dominated by Zhanjiang, Maoming, Zhongshan, Dongguan, Guangzhou and Chaozhou; Guangxi is dominated by Lingshan, Pubei, Yulin, Nanning and Qinzhou; Fujian is mainly concentrated in Zhangpu, Pinghe, Nanjing, Changtai, Counties (cities and districts) such as Zhao'an, Hua'an, Yunxiao, Longhai, Xiamen, Nan'an, Putian and Xianyou, and Kaohsiung and Pingtung are the main banana growing areas in Taiwan, followed by Taichung and Taitung.

[Edit this paragraph] Growth environment

1. The temperature distribution area is mostly above 21℃ on average for many years, and a few are around 20℃. Bananas require high temperature and humidity, and the growth temperature is 20-35℃ , the most suitable is 24-32℃, and the minimum should not be lower than l5. 5℃. Bananas are afraid of low temperatures and avoid frost and snow, and their cold tolerance is weaker than plantains and pink bananas. The critical temperature for growth inhibition is 10°C. When the temperature drops to 5°C, the leaves will suffer from cold damage and turn yellow, and at 1-2°C, the leaves will die. The fruit will suffer chilling damage at 12°C, resulting in a gray-yellow skin color during ripening, which affects the commercial value. 2. Soil and moisture. Banana roots are delicate and the soil selection is strict. Clay soil with poor aeration and poor structure or poor drainage are extremely unfavorable to the development of the root system. The clay content is <40% and the groundwater level is below 1m. Sandy soil, especially alluvial loam or humus loam is suitable. Practice has proved that if the physical properties of the soil are not good, even if the supply of fertilizer and water is sufficient, it will be difficult to promote the normal growth of bananas. The soil pH value is suitable from 4.5 to 7.5, and above 6.0 is the best, because Fusarium in soil below 5.5 reproduces rapidly and blight disease is easy to invade. Although bananas are not very sensitive to saline environments, they are not suitable if the soil contains exchangeable sodium ions exceeding 300mg/L. A monthly average rainfall of 100mm is most suitable. If it is less than 50mm, it is a dry season. Due to lack of water, the budding period of bananas is extended, the fruit fingers are short, and the yield is low. If the banana orchard is waterlogged or flooded, the leaves may turn yellow in the mild case, easily induce leaf spot epilepsy, and the yield will drop significantly. In the severe case, the root mass may suffocate and rot, causing the plant to die.

3. Wind: Bananas have large leaves, brittle pseudostems, and shallow roots, making them susceptible to wind damage. The wind speed is 25-30km/h, the leaves are torn and the petioles are broken, and the wind speed is 65km/h. The pseudostem is broken or the whole plant is blown down; 100km/h can destroy the entire banana orchard.

[Edit this paragraph] Value and significance

Banana fruit is sweet, rich in carbohydrates, and rich in nutrients. According to analysis, every 100 grams of pulp contains 20 grams of carbohydrates and 1.23 grams of protein. grams, 0.66 grams of fat, 0.9 grams of crude fiber, 0.7 grams of inorganic salts, 70% water, and contains multiple vitamins such as provitamin A (carotene), vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, and vitamin U. In addition, There are minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and iron that the human body needs. Bananas contain quite a bit of potassium (one medium banana contains 451 mg of potassium) and magnesium. Potassium can prevent blood pressure from rising and muscle spasms; while magnesium has the effect of eliminating fatigue. Bananas are also a natural antacid. Since bananas are very good for digestion and absorption, everyone from children to the elderly can eat them safely and provide balanced nutrition. In addition to being used as fruit, banana fruit is also used as food in tropical areas of Africa, Asia, and America. In addition to being eaten fresh, banana fruits can also be made into various processed products and flavor raw materials. Banana plants have high medicinal value: the fruit is cold in nature and can smooth the large intestine, laxative, and moisturize the lungs; the stems and leaves can be diuretic and can It can treat edema and athlete's foot; the crushed root can cure sores, tuberculosis and dysentery; the flowers and buds can cure vomiting blood and blood in the stool. The fresh stems, sucking buds and male buds are also rich in nutrients and can be used as pig feed after being crushed. The fibers of the pseudostems can be used to make ropes, sacks and paper. In short, bananas, as fruits and grains, can meet the needs of consumers and play a role in alleviating poverty and becoming rich in southern rural areas. 1． Nutritional value of bananas: Bananas are a high-calorie fruit. According to analysis, the caloric value per 100 grams of pulp reaches 378 joules. Bananas are also used as a staple food in some tropical areas. Banana pulp has high nutritional value. Each 100 grams of pulp contains 20 grams of carbohydrates, 1.2 grams of protein, and 0.6 grams of fat. In addition, it also contains a variety of trace elements and vitamins. Among them, vitamin A can promote growth, enhance resistance to diseases, and is necessary to maintain normal fertility and vision; thiamine can resist beriberi, promote appetite, aid digestion, and protect the nervous system; riboflavin can promote normal growth and development of the human body. development. 2． In addition to being eaten as fresh fruit, banana fruits can also be used for processing. For example, ripe bananas can be made into banana powder, which is used to make cakes and breads. After fermentation, banana wine can be brewed or alcohol extracted. Ripe fruits can be processed into cans. , preserved fruits, dried bananas, juices, flavors, etc. The pseudostems, buds, and flower buds of bananas contain a large amount of nutrients and are good green fodder that can be used to feed pigs. The pseudostems and leaves are rich in cellulose and can be used to make ropes, braids and paper; the juice of the pseudostems can be used to extract a food preservative and a fixative for dyes; the ash of the pseudostems has a high alkali content and can be used to make Alkaline water. The potassium content of pseudostems and leaves is high. After being chopped and returned to the field, it can increase soil organic matter and loosen the soil. It also increases the potassium content of the soil. 3． Economic significance Banana is an important tropical fruit in Guangxi and plays an important role in Guangxi's fruit production. The cultivation area was more than 10,000 hectares in 1990, accounting for 3.29% of the total fruit cultivation area in the autonomous region; in 1991, it reached 15,333 hectares, accounting for 4.45%; in 1992, it reached 23,406 hectares, accounting for 5.96%. The output reached 179,600 tons, 327,000 tons and 494,800 tons respectively from 1990 to 1992, accounting for 17.02%, 26.78% and 33.21% respectively of the total fruit output in the autonomous region. The total output value of bananas (calculated based on market purchase price) was 143.68 million yuan in 1990, 261.6 million yuan in 1991, and 395.84 million yuan in 1992. The social benefits brought by banana production (such as post-harvest processing, packaging, loading and unloading, freight in circulation, various taxes, etc.) are calculated in terms of output value, reaching 140 million yuan, 260 million yuan, and 390 million yuan respectively. ; The total economic benefits of banana production in Guangxi are 287 million yuan, 523 million yuan and 791 million yuan respectively.

The annual trade volume of world bananas is about 10 million tons. In 1990, the world banana port delivery price was: Hamburg, Germany (supplied by Central American countries) was 750 US dollars per ton, and New York (supplied by Central and South American countries) was 566 US dollars. / ton, Japan (supplied by the Philippines) is 537 US dollars / ton, France (supplied by Martinique) is 944 US dollars / ton; in 1991, the delivery prices at the above ports were 665 US dollars / ton, 572 US dollars / ton, 567 US dollars/ton and 1064 US dollars/ton. my country's banana exports are mainly from Taiwan Province, and most of them are sold to Japan. Due to backward and unstandardized cultivation technology, post-harvest processing, packaging, storage, transportation and sales, mainland provinces have very few exports in the past 20 to 30 years. In the future, In terms of cultivation, if we can plant in stages, break buds early and bag them, pay attention to fertilizer and water management and pest control, when harvesting, pay attention to light picking, field combing, antiseptic treatment, cutting and carton packaging, and low temperature ( 15℃), it is expected that it can meet export standards, rush out of the country, and squeeze into the international market. Food value From a nutritional perspective, bananas are beneficial fruits rich in starch (so it is not suitable to eat too much, as they can easily gain weight). From a traditional Chinese medicine perspective, bananas are sweet in taste and cold in nature. They can clear away heat and moisturize the intestines, promote gastrointestinal motility, but are not suitable for those with spleen deficiency and diarrhea. But not appropriate. There is always a reasonable explanation for everything. Bananas are cold in nature. According to the principle of "hot ones are cold", they are most suitable for people with hot and dry tastes. People with bleeding hemorrhoids and those with uneasy fetal movements due to hot weather can eat raw banana meat. However, just because bananas are cold in nature, it is best to avoid them for those with a weak and cold constitution. For example, those with stomach cold (slight taste in the mouth and bloated stomach), deficiency and cold (diarrhea, easy dizziness), nephritis (also deficient and cold), and swollen feet during pregnancy are best not to eat raw bananas. Unless the banana meat has been steamed and the coldness has subsided, it can only be eaten. As for cold cough, bananas should not be eaten, but steaming bananas before eating them is acceptable. Folk prescriptions include using bananas stewed with rock sugar to treat chronic cough; using bananas to boil wine as a dietary therapy. Modern medicine suggests that bananas can be used to treat high blood pressure because they are rich in potassium, which can balance the adverse effects of sodium and promote cell and tissue growth. Constipation can be treated with bananas because it promotes gastrointestinal motility. The most interesting thing is that German researchers have shown that using bananas can cure depression and emotional upset because it can promote the secretion of endorphin chemicals in the brain. In short, those with hot and dry bodies can eat one banana a day, but if they are afraid of bananas being cold in nature, they can choose to eat plantains (which have stronger laxative power), emperor bananas and other varieties. The value of bananas from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine. Lin Lixing, a Chinese medicine practitioner, said that bananas are cold in nature and sweet in taste, and their nutritional value has long been recorded in ancient books. Its functions include clearing away heat and detoxifying, moistening the intestines and laxatives, moistening the lungs and relieving coughs, lowering blood pressure and nourishing, etc. It belongs to High quality fruit, really cheap and good quality. However, bananas are cold in nature, and people with stomach pain, cold abdomen, and spleen and stomach deficiency should eat less. Several miraculous effects of bananas on the body. Bananas are "common people" among tropical fruits. They are cheap, sweet and delicious. They are "frequent customers" in people's fruit bowls. Do you know what other effects bananas have? Today, let’s listen to what a nutritionist has to say. On the sports field, especially in some "time-consuming" sports competitions, such as tennis matches, we sometimes see players peeling bananas to eat during breaks. Is it to fill their stomachs or to replenish their energy? During exercise, it is not suitable to eat too much and eat bananas halfway. The main purpose is to replenish the body's rapidly losing energy. Nutritionists say that football and tennis players like to eat bananas before going on the field, which helps their performance on the field. From a nutritional perspective, the sugar in bananas can be quickly converted into glucose and immediately absorbed by the body, making it a fast source of energy. Bananas are high-potassium foods. Potassium ions can strengthen muscle strength and endurance, so they are especially popular among athletes. Bananas can help lower blood pressure. Nutritionists say that potassium has an inhibitory effect on sodium in the human body. Eating more bananas can lower blood pressure and prevent hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Research shows that eating two bananas a day can effectively lower blood pressure by 10%. Many mothers like to give their children bananas when they are constipated, and this is absolutely true. Nutritionists say that bananas are rich in soluble fiber, also known as pectin, which can help digestion and adjust gastrointestinal function.