Sweet potatoes contain a lot of water and sugar, so if you eat them directly, the taste is not bad. When eaten directly, the nutritional value contained in it can enter the body better.
Sweet potato, also known as sweet potato, shage, cold potato, etc., is an annual or perennial twining herbaceous vine that can form root tuber in Leguminosae sweet potato genus. It is native to tropical America and is now widely distributed in tropical regions of the old hemisphere. It is commonly cultivated in southwestern provinces of China, and its economic value is slightly low, but its nutritional value is high. Let's take a look at the high-yield cultivation technology of sweet potato together!
Seed selection and soil preparation of sweet potato
The edible part of sweet potato is underground root tuber, so sandy loam with deep soil layer, good drainage, medium fertility and strong water and fertility conservation should be selected. After the previous crop is harvested, soil preparation is carried out. The shape of root tuber of sweet potato is related to variety, soil and cultivation. If the cultivation of oblate variety is too deep, the fleshy root will run down and form long root, and the fiber will increase, which will lead to the quality decline. Generally, tillage17 ~ 20 cm is suitable, while sandy loam is only13 ~17 cm, and the hammer shape of spinning can be slightly deeper. 500 kg of plant ash and 2,000-3,000 kg of decomposed manure are applied per mu. Before sowing 15 days, the clods will be broken and raked to make a high border with a width of1.2 ~1.3 meters, and the depth of the border ditch is about 25 cm to facilitate drainage.
Cultivars of sweet potato
1, early-maturing species: the plant has medium growth potential, small leaves, early root swelling and short growth period. The tuberous root is oblate or spindle-shaped, with thin skin and little fiber. The weight of a single root is 0.4 ~1kg, and it is eaten fresh or fried. Its varieties include Ping Huang sweet potato in Guizhou, Suining sweet potato in Sichuan, Mumashan sweet potato in Chengdu, Malay species in Taiwan Province and Shage in Shunde, Guangdong.
2. Late-maturing species: the plant has strong growth potential, long growth period and late maturity of root tuber. The root tuber is flat spindle-shaped or conical, with thick skin, many fibers, high starch content and less moisture. The weight of a single root is1~1.5 kg, and the largest one can reach more than 5 kg. Suitable for processing and milling. The commonly used varieties are Dagu potato in Zhanjiang, Guangdong, Lagerstroemia indica in the suburbs of Guangzhou, and cone-shaped species in Taiwan Province.
Sowing method of sweet potato
1, accelerating germination: sweet potato seeds are hard, dry seeds germinate slowly and irregularly, and accelerating germination is often used in production. Seeds should be carefully selected before germination, and mature, full and fresh seeds should be selected. When accelerating germination, the seeds are soaked for 1 0 ~12 hours, then put in a temperature box at 25 ~ 28℃ to accelerate germination, take out and rinse1time every day, select the germinated seeds and sow them in 2 ~ 3 times after 4 ~ 5 days.
2. Sowing: The sweet potatoes are generally planted directly, and the sowing methods can be divided into crawling planting and bracket planting. Climbing planting generally has a row spacing of 50 cm and a plant spacing of 33 cm. L ~ 2 seeds are sown in each hole, and 3000 plants can be planted per mu, and the seed consumption is about 2 kg. Bracket planting adopts deep furrows with a height of 20-25cm, a width of 50cm and a surface of 90cm, with 2 rows per furrow, a row spacing of 50cm and a plant spacing of 33cm, and 3-4 seeds are placed in each hole, with a seed consumption of 2.5-3.0kg per mu, and 2-3.0kg of soil is covered after sowing.
Field management of sweet potato
1, interplanting and replanting: the seedlings of sweet potatoes are unearthed 15 days after sowing, and after the first pair of basal leaves appear, the seedlings are interplanted and replanted, with 1 ~ 2 seedlings per hole, and finally the seedlings are fixed1plant. Replenish the seedlings in time, and transplant the seedlings with soil balls on cloudy days.
2, intertillage weeding: sweet potato in the seedling height of 7 cm to the side vine before laying the ground, intertillage should be shallow, avoid damaging the roots, intertillage can be 4 ~ 7 cm, so as to avoid the fleshy roots exposed outside the soil, the color becomes green, and the quality becomes worse, but also avoid too deep intertillage, and the root tuber is easy to be long.
3. Water and fertilizer management: The sweet potato seedlings should be loosened and topdressing in time. Every time the soil is loosened, human excrement and urine should be poured to promote its early development, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be applied again in the first half of June when the root tuber is swollen. In case of drought, pay attention to watering. Drainage should be done in time in case of heavy rain. If there is waterlogging in the field, it will easily lead to brown skin color or root rot of sweet potato, which will affect its yield and quality.
4. Flower-picking: Sweet potatoes begin to draw inflorescences at 5 ~ 6 knots, and then almost every node will bear inflorescences with the elongation of vines. If they are allowed to blossom, they will bear numerous pods and waste nutrients, and the roots are not easy to be enlarged. Therefore, except those who want to keep seeds, as soon as they see the inflorescence, they should be cut off immediately and their leaves should be kept for photosynthesis, up to 2 ~ 3 times. When the main vine18 ~ 24 leaves are plucked, the vine stops growing after coring.
5. Pruning and scaffolding: When the local sweet potato seedlings grow to 30 cm high, insert small mangosteen or cotton stalks 1 root into each hole to form a herringbone scaffold, and tie the adjacent sweet potato seedlings together for vines to climb on the shelf.
6. Harvesting and seed reservation: Generally, the fleshy roots can be harvested after 5-6 months after the sweet potato is sown, and the early and middle-hot varieties in the Yangtze River valley can be harvested in September, and the middle and late-maturing varieties can be harvested from late October to early October of 1 1. Raw tubers should be harvested early. The tubers are crisp, juicy and sweet, but they are not resistant to storage. The middle and late maturity varieties of sweet potato have thin skin and are not frost-tolerant, so they should be harvested before frost. Generally, the yield per mu can reach more than 3000 kg.