2. The climate is dry
3. With the adjustment of industrial structure, the enlivening of economy and the increase of vacation days, the number of people entering the forest area for production activities such as construction and mining and sightseeing has increased greatly, and the fire source has doubled, making the management more and more difficult, making forest fire prevention face new difficulties; Superstitious activities such as burning paper on graves and setting off firecrackers have risen. Another worry is that in recent years, forest fires caused by aging transmission lines, strong winds blowing off power lines or knocking down telephone poles in forest areas are on the rise, and the consequences are very serious.
Due to the global climate anomaly, the influence of drought, high temperature and windy weather, the accumulation of combustible materials and the periodicity of fire, the risk of forest fire is increasing. The content of fire fighting equipment and forest fire prevention technology is not high, and the facilities and equipment are outdated. The means of preventing and fighting forest fires and the management of forest fires do not meet the needs of heavy tasks, especially the lack of ability and means to control fires.
Question 2: What are the causes of forest fires? In addition to human factors, forest fires are mainly caused by lightning.
The fallen leaves piled up in the forest, especially the needles with high fat content, slowly oxidize and heat up in the wet state after light rain, but the heat can not be emitted in the piled state, and the temperature rises. The increase of temperature intensifies the heat of oxidation. Such a vicious circle leads to the process from dark fire to open fire, from small fire to big fire, and finally leads to forest fire. In this state, the scorching sun after the light rain accelerated this process.
Not only fallen leaves, but also rags, cotton silk and waste paper. There is spontaneous combustion in the slightly wet state.
Question 3: Where in China are forest fires caused by natural causes? 50 points 1987~2004, the provinces (regions) with the most forest fires and the largest forest area in China are mainly Guangxi, Fujian, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Sichuan and Guangdong (Figure 2). Among them, the southern forest areas and southwest forest areas have the most forest fires, and the top 10 places are Zhejiang, Hunan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Sichuan, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hubei, and Guangdong, and the above-mentioned 10 provinces (regions) account for more than 8 1% of the national forest fires. The provinces (regions) with the largest fire damage area are Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Yunnan and Guangxi. The over-burned forest area in the above four provinces (regions) accounts for 85% of the national over-burned forest area; The provinces (regions) with large affected forest areas are Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Fujian, Guangxi, Hunan and Guizhou, and their affected forest areas account for about 80% of the national affected forest areas. It can be seen that the forest areas affected by forest fires in China are mostly concentrated in the northeast, south and southwest forest areas.
The forest area in Northeast China is the largest.
Question 4: What behaviors are likely to cause forest fires? One is to throw cigarette butts, the other is to set off fireworks, the third is to be struck by lightning, and the fourth is for children to play with fire. The above situation is the most common cause of forest fires.
Question 5: Forest Fire Case 1: Longdou Village, Shuibei Town, Shaowu City "2? 14 "fire case 1. On February 14, 2004, farmers in Dashishan Farm of Xiachang Formation, Longdou Village, Shuibei Town, Shaowu City burned weeds in vegetable fields, causing a forest fire, which caused 8 deaths. The affected forest area is 27.5 hectares, and the fire duration is 19 hours. The direct cost of fire fighting is 26,000 yuan. 2. 1 1 40: 00 Introduction to the fire situation On February 4, 2004, Peng Yikang, a villager of Xiachang Formation in Longdou Village, set fire to reeds on the edge of the rice field without taking preventive measures, and left the bean farm for dinner. As a result, the fire head crossed the highway and railway, causing forest fires. At noon 12, the villager Dai found a fire on the mountain and immediately reported it to the secretary of the village party branch. Kiwi Feng immediately organized villagers to rush to the fire to put out the fire. (1) Overview of the fire scene The 76th forest class (burned by the 77th forest class) is mountain-shaped, surrounded on three sides by a small grass pond ditch, with a valley bottom width of10m and a ditch bottom width of only 2-3m, which is the southeast slope with a slope length of100m. The casualty accident site is at the lower part of the hillside, only 20 meters away from the bottom of the slope. The mountain is high and steep with a general slope. Shanchang is a mixed plantation of Chinese fir and Pinus massoniana in 2000, which has not been nursed for 3 years. There are 3-meter-high five-section awns, 2-meter-high awn bones and some small miscellaneous irrigation of succession trees in the forest, and the weed coverage rate reaches 95%. It is precisely because of the narrow slope and narrow ditch and the relatively concentrated combustible materials that the environmental conditions prone to high-intensity forest fires are formed. On that day, the weather was northwest wind, the wind force 1-2, the temperature -0.6℃-23. 1℃, the humidity was 20%, there was no rainfall, and the fire risk rating was 5. (II) Fire Development Process and Analysis On June 4 12:20 or so, after receiving a phone call from the secretary of the Party branch of Longdou Village, the ranger He immediately called his three brothers and villagers Lin Quanshui 16, boarded the small four-wheeled agricultural vehicle of the villager You Jianjun, and rushed to the side of the burning mountain, ready to open a fire road to stop the fire from spreading. At about 12:40, the fire area of Xushanchang has reached 100 mu, and 12 villagers directly entered the fire point and arrived at the drinking water source of Xiabian Group. The soldiers were divided into two ways. All the way to the water source is only about 20 meters away from the fire head, and the other way is up along the small ridge in the north direction. Four people jumped to the northeast along the drinking ditch on the right side of the fire source. After driving for 2-3 minutes, it was found that the northwest valley wind was blowing in the fire, accompanied by a cyclone of magnitude 3-4, and the fire was fierce and the visibility was low. Why did you tell everyone to retreat quickly? How did four people run to the ecological public welfare forest in the northeast on the right side of the hillside and escape safely? What 65,438+00 people first ran to the hillside in the northeast, and then turned back to the northwest to run to the top of the mountain. Not far away, they were blocked by the fire from the top of the mountain. Because the mountain is steep, the mountain road is dangerous, the fire is strong, and the fire temperature reaches 2 1℃, and the wind speed reaches 2-3 meters per second. The river wind and the valley wind convect to form a whirlwind, and the smoke and dust are mixed on the hillside, so the visibility is extremely high. He and He Guoshui ran at the end, slipped down the mountain and lay in a small ditch only about 8 meters away from the scene of the accident, and escaped by luck. The other eight people were confused, choked by the smoke in the fire, suffocated and burned to death by high temperature. The whole combustion process only takes 20 minutes. This is an example of casualties caused by a rapid and high-intensity ground fire. Three. Case analysis (1) Cause analysis Judging from the occurrence of this fire, the fire started in vegetable fields along the old 3 16 national highway, followed by weeds in farmland, railways, forests, roadsides and ridges, which were high and dense and easily burned. It takes about 1 hour from the time the perpetrator lit the weeds to the mountain field, and the fire was not far from the village, so it should be found in time, but no one called the police until the forest fire crossed the road and the railway burned up the mountain. It shows that there is a dead end in some places to publicize the masses in forest areas, and the responsibility for the management of wild fire sources is not implemented, especially after 1 1: 00 in the morning or after 4: 00 in the afternoon before the farmers call it a day, which is the peak period of agricultural fire use, and the rangers and those responsible for management and protection are not in place, resulting in a management vacuum, thus leading to a major disaster. Judging from the death of firefighters, after the villagers arrived at the fire site, they rushed into the woodland to set up a fire isolation belt without carefully observing the fire, meteorology and vegetation of the fire site. The route chosen to enter the fire site is unreasonable, the location of the isolation belt is incorrect, the fire fighting tools are crude, and the firefighters have no safety guarantee ... >>
Question 6: 99% of forest fires in China are caused by human beings. Why are they natural disasters rather than man-made disasters? They refer to forest fires that are not controlled by human beings and spread freely in woodland, causing certain harm and loss to forests, forest ecosystems and human beings. Forest fire is a kind of natural disaster with strong suddenness, great destructiveness and great difficulty in disposal and rescue. To put out forest fires, it is necessary to understand the burning law of forest fires, establish a strict emergency mechanism and a strong command system, organize a well-trained firefighting team, and use effective and scientific methods and advanced firefighting equipment to put out fires in time to minimize fire losses.
Forest fire in a broad sense is called forest fire, which means that it spreads and expands freely in the forest land without human control, bringing certain harm and loss to the forest, forest ecosystem and human beings. In a narrow sense, forest fire is a sudden, destructive and difficult natural disaster to deal with and put out. Forest fire prevention is an important part of China's disaster prevention and mitigation work, an important part of the national emergency system, an important guarantee for social stability and people's living and working in peace and contentment, the basis and premise for accelerating forestry development and strengthening ecological construction, and it is related to the overall situation of forest resources and ecological security, people's life and property safety, reform, development and stability. Simply put, forest fire prevention is to prevent the occurrence and spread of forest fires, that is, to prevent and extinguish forest fires. To prevent the occurrence of forest fires, we must understand the laws of forest fires, adopt the method of combining administration, law and economy, and use scientific and technological means to minimize the number of fires. To put out forest fires, it is necessary to understand the burning law of forest fires, establish a strict emergency mechanism and a strong command system, organize a well-trained firefighting team, and use effective and scientific methods and advanced firefighting equipment to put out fires in time to minimize fire losses.
Question 7: Natural causes of forest fires 1. Crime of intentional arson
2. Unintentional arson (farmers burning straw and cigarettes)
3. The weather is dry and spontaneous combustion occurs
thunder
five ......