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What about altitude sickness?
Altitude sickness, namely acute altitude sickness (AHAD), is a natural physiological reaction of human body to adapt to the changes of air pressure difference, low oxygen content and dry air caused by altitude. When the altitude reaches about 2700 meters, there will be altitude sickness, commonly known as "altitude sickness". Altitude sickness, the human body will have symptoms such as headache, dizziness, dizziness, tinnitus, general fatigue, difficulty in walking and falling asleep within 24 hours, and severe cases will have symptoms such as abdominal distension, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, palpitation, shortness of breath, chest tightness, purple complexion and lips or facial edema.

Generally, painkillers are very effective for headaches and have little irritation to the stomach. Aspirin is ok, but it is very irritating to the stomach. In short, most painkillers can be used.

altitude stress

If blood pressure is too high, use Jiediling (a drug for early hypertension) and low-dose diuretic tablets.

Edema: parts that are greatly affected by gravity, such as eyes and lower limbs, are prone to edema. There is a shallow pit on the skin, which belongs to mild edema. Can be treated with aminophylline, aminophylline has diuretic and vasodilator effects, and the effect is good. If the degree of edema is serious, you can use dihydrochloride urine plug, 100mg/ tablet, 1 tablet, 1 ~ 3 times a day, and it will take effect after five or six hours. Diuretic tablets, 25mg/ tablet, 1 tablet is enough, the dosage is small, furosemide tablets have great side effects, so it is not recommended.

high altitude pulmonary edema

High altitude pulmonary edema is a common severe altitude sickness with an incidence of about 3%. It usually occurs above 4000 meters, and it often happens quickly 3-48 hours after climbing, and then in 3- 10 days. The important inducement is respiratory infection caused by cold, fatigue and decreased resistance. When you have a headache, chest tightness, varying degrees of cough (dry cough at first, then phlegm), and difficulty breathing, you can't lie on your back. In severe cases, you will cough up pink foam-like sputum. The rescuer will put his ear close to the patient's chest wall and hear the gurgling breathing sound in the lungs (medically called wet rales). At this time, the patient is frightened, flustered, cyanosis in mouth, lips and face, and in severe cases, hematuria or gradual unconsciousness. Severe pulmonary edema will worsen rapidly, and the patient will be in a coma and die within a few hours.

The first-aid measures for on-site pulmonary edema are to rest in an absolute semi-recumbent position, with legs drooping, and immediately take oxygen, preferably oxygen containing 50%~70% alcohol at a flow rate of 6 ~ 8 liters/minute; Take furosemide (furosemide) 40mg/day immediately. The use of furosemide may cause slight nausea, diarrhea, drug eruption, blurred vision, upright vertigo, muscle spasm, thirst and so on. Be careful not to use too much at first, and you can increase it to 80 mg twice a day according to the situation. Nifedipine reduces pulmonary edema. Antibiotics and dexamethasone 4 mg can be used to prevent and treat upper respiratory tract infection (only once orally). You can use a small amount of sedatives when you are upset. Keep warm and don't drink a lot of water. After initial first aid, the condition was stable and quickly moved to a lower altitude. In case of respiratory or cardiac arrest, perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation immediately.

Avoid catching a cold

It should be noted that colds should be avoided as much as possible in plateau areas. When you catch a cold at high altitude, you will have the illusion of fever temperature. The temperature of body temperature is often lower than the actual temperature 1 degree, which is easily overlooked. Even a slight respiratory infection can increase the risk of high altitude pulmonary edema. So keep warm. After entering the plateau, reduce the number of baths or not take a bath. When you find the first symptoms of a cold, take anti-cold medicine immediately. If you take anti-cold medicine after two days, it is generally ineffective.

Patients with recurrent high altitude pulmonary edema are susceptible, and the incidence rate of men is five times that of women. If pulmonary edema has occurred before, we recommend not to climb mountains above 3000 meters.

High altitude brain edema

It is another kind of severe altitude sickness, which has an acute onset and often occurs at night. The incidence rate is low, but the mortality rate is high. Its symptoms: in addition to early altitude sickness, there are severe headaches, vomiting and even jet vomiting; Gradually trance, poor sense of orientation, personal convulsions, incontinence, and finally lethargy to coma. A few people may have retinal hemorrhage.

In the past, mountain friends always judged whether there was brain edema by experience. The usual method is to let people suspected of brain edema walk in a straight line to judge whether their directional ability is poor. From a scientific point of view, this method is not desirable! The brain tissue of patients with cerebral edema has been seriously deprived of oxygen. At this point, people in a trance state are likely to fall to the ground immediately and fall into a coma. This inspection method that aggravates the damage is risky. The correct judgment method is to let the patient lie in a semi-supine position and guide him to point to the nose, ears, eyes and so on. According to the instructions, see if his movements can be accurate. Once there is no, it means that brain edema may have occurred.

If brain edema and coma are found, oxygen containing 5% carbon dioxide should be given quickly and continuously until waking up, and oxygen should be given intermittently after waking up. Conditional use of hypertonic glucose, mannitol, adrenocortical hormone, cytochrome C and other treatments can reduce brain edema and promote recovery. Central nervous system stimulants such as lobeline hydrochloride and nikethamide can be used as appropriate. Pay attention to the balance of water, salt and electrolyte and the necessary anti-infection measures. After the condition is stable, immediately go down the mountain and rush to the hospital.

respiratory alkalosis

In the anoxic environment, people will improve the anoxic state by accelerating and deepening breathing, which will increase the exhaled carbon dioxide and lead to respiratory alkalosis. Respiratory alkalosis not only constricts cerebral vessels, but also leads to loss of consciousness and brain edema at high altitude. The most effective way to prevent respiratory alkalosis is to roll a newspaper into a cone, tear a small hole with a diameter of 1-2 cm at the top of the cone, and put the conical newspaper close to the face, so that the exhaled gas can be sucked back, that is, the exhaled carbon dioxide can be sucked back again, thus improving the pH in the body and correcting respiratory alkalosis.

There is no need to reluctantly face the plateau.

Not everyone who climbs the plateau will have altitude sickness. The incidence and recovery speed of altitude sickness are related to the individual's compensatory adaptability, which varies greatly from individual to individual. People who have no altitude sickness this time may not be unresponsive when they climb the plateau next time. Some people have altitude sickness every time. These people are sensitive or highly prone to altitude sickness. What needs to be reminded here is that altitude sickness cannot be overcome by repeated exercise. So, in order to protect