A complete list of foods that are taboo for kidney disease

A complete list of foods that are taboo for kidney disease. For patients with nephrotic syndrome, daily taboos are very beneficial to the treatment of the disease. The foods that are taboo for kidney disease are: There are a lot of them. I have compiled relevant information on the foods that are taboo for kidney disease for everyone. Let’s take a look. List of foods that are taboo for kidney disease 1

1. Limit low protein intake

Nephrotic syndrome causes high edema and hypoalbuminemia due to the loss of a large amount of protein. The diet of patients with nephrotic syndrome should determine their protein intake based on the degree of their kidney function damage. If the disease course is long and the kidney function damage is not severe, the protein in the food does not need to be strictly limited, but it should not exceed one kilogram of body weight per day. 1 gram, high-quality protein should reach more than 50%. Since some patients restrict protein, their heat energy supply must be based on carbohydrates and fats as the main sources, and the energy supply depends on the intensity of labor. For those who are resting, adults can provide 126 kilojoules to 147 kilojoules (30 kcal to 35 kcal) per kilogram of body weight per day. And to meet the patient's activity needs.

2. A high-protein diet is appropriate

Hypoalbuminemia in nephrotic syndrome increases the liver’s ability to synthesize albumin. If sufficient protein and calories can be provided in the diet, The patient can synthesize up to 22.6 grams of albumin per day, which can effectively alleviate the negative nitrogen balance and improve hypoalbuminemia. It is generally recommended that the patient's daily protein intake should be 1 g/kg of body weight, plus the daily Protein lost in urine.

For example, a patient weighing 60 kilograms with proteinuria (c) needs 80 grams of protein per day, and at the same time, he must supplement enough calories. For every 1 gram of protein ingested, he must also take in Non-protein calories: 33 kcal. If you use carp as a supplement, every 100 grams of carp contains 17.3 grams of protein, and you need to eat 450 to 500 grams of carp. Note that if patients with nephrotic syndrome have developed azotemia, the amount of protein should be appropriately restricted.

3. Low salt and water restriction

Due to high degree of edema, daily water intake must be limited, including intravenous fluid and drinking water intake. Water intake should be greater than urine output. few. Edema itself involves excess sodium in the body, so a low-salt or low-salt diet is necessary. Generally, the salt-restricted diet is 1 to 3 grams per day. The salt-restricted diet should be tolerable to the patient and does not affect his or her appetite.

4. It is best to eat a low-fat diet

Pay attention to low-fat in the diet. Due to the hyperlipidemia of nephrotic syndrome, the blood is thickened. While supplementing high protein, Eat less fat and greasy food, and focus on a light diet.

5. Vitamin supplements

Adequate vitamins should be given, especially vitamin C, because patients with long-term nephrotic syndrome may have anemia. Supplementing vitamin C can increase the absorption of iron, such as tomatoes, green leafy vegetables, fresh dates, watermelon, Xinmi radish, cucumber, watermelon, citrus, kiwi and natural juices. In addition, those with poor appetite can supplement vitamin C preparations, and should also supplement foods rich in vitamin B and folic acid.

6. Supplement trace elements

Due to the increased permeability of the glomerular basement membrane in patients with nephrotic syndrome, in addition to losing a large amount of protein in the urine, they also lose protein-bound proteins. Certain trace elements and hormones cause the body to be deficient in calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron and other elements, and should be appropriately supplemented. Generally, you can eat vegetables, fruits, cereals, seafood, etc. that are rich in vitamins and trace elements to supplement.

What vegetables should patients with nephrotic syndrome not eat?

For patients with nephrotic syndrome, there are strict dietary controls and requirements. Taking vegetables as an example, there are many vegetables that patients with nephrotic syndrome cannot eat. Here are some of them for everyone.

1. Spinach

It is sweet in taste and cool in nature. In some areas, it is considered to be a "fat food". "Yilin Zhuan Yao" also believes that eating too much can lead to sores. "Mengying, the food doctor of the Qing Dynasty, once pointed out: "Patients should avoid it. "Modern medical clinical observation shows that after some patients with nephritis eat spinach, they can see an increase in casts or salt crystals in the urine, and the urine becomes muddy. Therefore, people with kidney disease should avoid eating spinach or eat spinach with caution.

2. Bamboo shoots

It is frightening in nature, sweet in taste, and can clear away heat and diuresis.

However, according to modern research, bamboo shoots contain more insoluble calcium oxalate, which is not good for people with chronic nephritis and renal insufficiency, so they should avoid eating it.

3. Ginger

Warm in nature and spicy in taste. The gingerin in ginger can irritate the mucous membranes of the urinary system such as the bladder, which can aggravate the inflammatory response of urinary system infections. Therefore, for patients with urinary system infections, whether it is cystitis or urethritis, they should not eat more ginger.

4. Pepper

Traditional Chinese medicine considers urinary tract infections to be a syndrome of "hot stranguria" caused by damp heat injecting into the bladder. Pepper is pungent and very hot, which can easily increase heat and trigger fire. Wang Mengying of the Qing Dynasty also believed that "eating too much dry liquid that stimulates fire will consume qi and damage yin." Therefore, patients with urinary tract infection who have heat accumulation in the bladder should not eat too much pepper, otherwise the condition will be aggravated.

5. Beans

Mainly refers to tofu, tofu skin, vegetarian chicken and tofu made from soybeans, soybeans, broad beans, adzuki beans, mung beans and beans as raw materials. Dried, gluten, roasted bran and other foods. These dishes are rich in nutrients, low in fat, and contain no cholesterol. The protein contained in them is higher than that of mutton, and it is vegetable protein. It is an ideal dish for the elderly, hyperlipidemia, and arteriosclerosis. However, for patients with reduced renal function, a large amount of protein diet can increase the excretion of protein in the urine and aggravate the damage of renal function, so it is best to avoid eating it. People with normal kidney function and patients with kidney disease can eat soy products in moderation, but not too much. List of foods to avoid for kidney disease 2

1. People with kidney disease who are particularly prone to hyperkalemia must not eat fruits and vegetables with high or extremely high potassium content

As mentioned in the above article , this cannot be judged entirely based on whether it is chronic renal failure or uremia, it still depends on the specific condition. If hypokalemia does not appear in regular examinations, the possibility of hyperkalemia needs to be prevented. Food taboos include fruits and vegetables with relatively high or particularly high potassium content, such as dates, coconuts, bananas, jackfruit, hawthorn, longan, durian, cherries, pomegranates, mushrooms and potatoes.

2. People with kidney disease whose blood pressure is difficult to control and/or have obvious edema should absolutely avoid high-salt foods

When chronic kidney disease progresses to the middle and late stages, it is usually combined with Patients with high blood pressure and difficult to control should absolutely avoid high-salt foods in patients with this type of kidney disease. Patients with kidney disease who have significant edema (such as nephrotic syndrome with high degree of edema) should also absolutely avoid high-salt foods. For example, foods such as salted melon seeds, plums, dried meat, pickles, salted fish and bacon, as well as chili sauce and bean paste are very high in salt and should never be eaten. But it doesn’t mean you can’t eat salt (a low-salt diet is enough), but you can’t eat high-salt foods. If you don't eat any salt, it will be detrimental to the recovery of kidney disease.

3. Make it clear that patients with allergic purpura nephritis caused by a certain food must not eat that food

Patients with allergic purpura nephritis are often related to a certain food. Allergens are related, some of which are related to a certain food. After the allergen test has determined which food it is, this food must never be eaten again. For example, if milk or eggs are the allergens of a patient with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis, the patient can no longer eat milk or eggs in the future. Here, kidney friends must also understand that it does not mean that all patients with allergic purpura nephritis cannot eat milk or eggs, but only patients who are allergic to milk or eggs cannot eat them. In the same case of allergic purpura, everyone's allergens are different, and the foods that must not be eaten may also be different and should be treated differently.

4. Most kidney patients definitely do not recommend eating animal offal and meat soup.

This does not mean that all patients with kidney disease must not eat animal offal and meat soup, but for the vast majority of patients with kidney disease, For patients, animal offal and meat soup are really not good things. Because the liver, lungs, kidneys and other internal organs of various animals not only have high purine content, which can aggravate or cause an increase in blood uric acid in patients with kidney disease, but can also lead to hyperphosphatemia. Animal organs may also contain excessive levels of heavy metals, which can also damage the kidneys. Various meat soups (such as fish soup, meat soup, pork rib soup, etc.), especially Laohuo soup that has been boiled for more than one or two hours, contain a large amount of salt, phosphorus, purine and other ingredients. Most patients with kidney disease will Not suitable for drinking it. This is because excessive consumption of meat soup can easily cause high blood pressure, increase uric acid and blood phosphorus, induce gout, and cause other metabolic disorders, which will further aggravate kidney disease.

However, if patients with kidney disease have iron deficiency anemia, they can supplement it by eating animal liver. List of Foods to Avoid with Kidney Disease 3

What should not be eaten with nephritis?

Patients with nephritis need to avoid many things, such as wine, tea, coffee, etc., as well as various spicy condiments such as onions, ginger, garlic, curry, mustard, and pepper; Spices and vegetables containing a lot of volatile oils, such as leeks, fennel, celery, radishes, etc. In addition, spinach, bamboo shoots, amaranth, etc., as well as beans and bean products, animal offal, thick chicken soup, broth, etc. are also foods that patients with nephritis need to avoid. At the same time, patients with nephritis cannot eat fried foods.

1. High-salt diet

Chronic nephritis edema is closely related to blood volume and sodium salt, so salt must be restricted and a low-salt diet must be given. Daily salt intake should be controlled below 2-4 grams to prevent aggravation of edema and increase in blood volume and accidents.

2. High-fat food

Patients with nephritis have symptoms of hypertension and anemia. Animal fat is a negative factor for hypertension and anemia, because fat can aggravate arteriosclerosis and inhibit hematopoietic function. Therefore, nephritis patients should not consume too much. However, if there is no fat intake for nephritis, the body will become weaker, so vegetable oil can be used instead in daily life, about 60 grams per day.

3. Foods high in purine and nitrogen

In order to reduce the burden on the kidneys, foods that stimulate kidney cells should be limited, such as spinach, celery, radishes, beans, Soy products, sardines and chicken soup, fish soup, broth, etc. Because those foods are high in purine and nitrogen, when kidney function is poor, their metabolites cannot be excreted in time, which will have a negative impact on kidney function.

4. Strong condiments

Strong condiments are harmful to kidney function and should be avoided. Because MSG will make you thirsty after eating too much, you should use less MSG when limiting the amount of water you drink.

5. Foods with high potassium ion content

For nephritis patients with high creatinine, they should not eat foods with high potassium ion content, such as mushrooms, amaranth, and cauliflower. , spinach, water spinach, bamboo shoots, tomatoes, carrots, pumpkins, mustard greens, pomegranates, loquats, peaches, willow dices, hard persimmons, oranges, sugar apples, etc., and avoid eating raw vegetables; others such as coffee, strong tea, chicken essence, beef Essence, ginseng essence, thick broth, thin salt soy sauce, unsalted soy sauce, half salt, salt substitute, etc. also have high potassium content. When cooking, blanch food in boiling water first, remove the soup, and then stir-fry in oil to reduce potassium intake.

6. Plant protein

Protein intake should depend on kidney function. When the patient has oliguria, edema, hypertension and nitrogen retention, it can reduce the burden on the kidneys and avoid the accumulation of non-protein nitrogen in the body. In particular, plant proteins contain a large amount of alkaloids, which can aggravate the intermediate metabolism of the kidneys, so beans and soy products should not be used as nutritional supplements.

7. Limit the amount of fluids

Patients with nephritis, high blood pressure and edema should limit their fluid intake. The daily intake should be controlled at 1200-1500 ml, including 800 ml of water content in drinks and dishes. If the edema is severe, the amount of water intake must be strictly controlled. In the case of urination, it can be relaxed appropriately.