Living habits of goats
active
Goats are brave, lively, agile and witty, and like climbing mountains and swimming. They belong to lively little ruminants and love to fight.
foraging
Goats have strong foraging ability and miscellaneous eating habits, and can eat all kinds of grasses, shrub branches and leaves, crop straws, vegetable leaves, peels, vines, agricultural and sideline products, etc. They eat a wider variety of plants than other livestock. According to the experiment of five kinds of plants that livestock eat, there are 607 kinds of plants that goats can eat, and 83 kinds of plants that don't eat, with a feeding rate of 88%, while the feeding rates of sheep, cattle, horses and pigs are 80%, 64%, 73% and 46% respectively.
In the case of forage shortage, goats have strong foraging ability. In desert and semi-desert areas, goats can also effectively use most plants that cows can't use. The feeding time of goats is mostly concentrated in the daytime, and they start to feed at sunrise, but they don't feed continuously. On the contrary, they eat a lot at certain times every day and ruminate and rest at other times. According to the measurement, every morning and evening, goats eat a lot. Therefore, the forage of goats should be diversified, and they should eat less and eat more meals when they are fed in houses or semi-grazing.
sociability
Goats live in groups. Regardless of grazing or house feeding, goats always like to walk together, and the older they are, the more offspring they have and the stronger their bodies are? A sheep? This role. Under the leadership of the first sheep, the other sheep can only obediently follow the grass, go in and out, get up, cross the bridge and cross the narrow place. Social nature provides convenience for large-scale grazing of goats.
polygamy
Goats have the characteristics of early sexual maturity, strong reproduction and multiple births. Most goat breeds can produce 2 ~ 3 lambs per fetus, and the average lamb production rate is over 200%, which is much higher than that of sheep. The prolificacy of goat makes its reproductive efficiency much higher than that of sheep, which creates conditions for the development of self-propagation and self-support and large-scale breeding of mutton sheep.
clean
Goats like clean, like dry, hate dirty and wet, and their sense of smell is highly developed. Before eating, they always smell with their noses. Goats would rather be thirsty and hungry than eat any feed with peculiar smell, feces or spoilage, polluted drinking water or trampled forage. Therefore, the sheep farm should be selected in a dry, ventilated and sunny place, and the forage should be fed less, and the drinking water should be put in a sink or basin to keep it clean and hygienic.
Origin and domestication of goats
Most scholars believe that modern domestic goats originated from alpacas in Central Asia. Alpacas are 90 cm tall and have horns as long as 1 m. It is still distributed in the mountainous areas of Asia Minor, Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan. Others believe that C.falconeri and C.prisca, European wild goats living in the mountains of Kashmir, Afghanistan and Pakistan, are also ancestors of domestic goats. Domestication began about 8000 years ago, and it was one of the earliest domesticated animals.
Goat breed classification
China is the country with the richest goat variety resources in the world. For thousands of years, through hard work and careful selection, the working people have cultivated nearly 40 goat breeds with excellent quality and unique characteristics, such as black goats.
There are more than 150 goat breeds in the world, which can be divided into the following categories: milk goat, cashmere goat, cashmere goat, fur goat, meat black goat and ordinary local goat. According to the incomplete statistics of authoritative departments, there are 65.438+0.074 billion goats in the world. Most of them are distributed in Asian and African countries. Due to the low level of productivity, the development and utilization of variety resources in the 1990 s have not been fully exerted. With the continuous growth of the national population and the progress of production science, the demand for high-quality meat food is increasing.
According to its economic use, it can be divided into three types: milk type, meat type and cashmere type.
First of all, the type of milk
This is a variety that mainly produces goat milk. The typical appearance characteristics of dairy goat are: it has a wedge-shaped body of dairy animals, with clear outline and obvious meticulous and compact performance. High milk yield and good milk quality.
Guanzhong dairy goat, the representative of dairy goat, is named after it was produced in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province. Guanzhong dairy goat is a famous fine breed among China dairy goats. It has strong constitution, symmetrical structure and stable genetic performance. Head is long, forehead is wide, nose is straight, mouth is straight, eyes are big and ears are long. Guanzhong dairy goat mainly produces milk, with stable milk production performance, high milk yield, excellent milk quality and high nutritional value. The lactation period is usually 7 ~ 9 months, and the annual milk yield is 450 ~ 600 kg, and the milk yield per unit live weight is five times higher than that of yellow cattle. Fresh milk contains 3.6% milk fat, 3.5% protein, 4.3% lactose and 1 1.6% total dry matter. Compared with milk, goat's milk contains more dry matter, fat, heat energy, vitamin C and nicotinic acid, which is not only rich in nutrition, but also small in fat globules. Casein is similar in structure to human milk, and its acid value is lower, so it is more easily absorbed by human body than milk. ? It is a good nutrition for infants, the elderly and patients, and a health food for special work and arms.
Second, the meat type.
This is a variety that mainly produces goat meat. The typical appearance characteristics of goats are: taking livestock as meat? Rectangular? In terms of body shape, the body is drooping, the muscles of the whole body are full, and the meticulous and relaxed performance is obvious. Early rapid growth and development. Goat and mutton have high yield and good meat quality. Among them, Boer goat and black goat are economic breeding varieties developed in modern agricultural areas.
Third, cashmere type.
This is a goat breed that mainly produces cashmere. The appearance characteristics of cashmere goats are: miscellaneous hair on the body surface, long capillary, white and shiny coat, small and big head, thick neck, straight back and developed hindquarters. The cashmere yield is large and the cashmere quality is good.
Liaoning Cashmere Goat is a precious cashmere goat variety in China, and the cashmere it produces is called by experts because of its excellent quality. Fiber gem? It is the best animal fiber textile raw material in textile industry. Liaoning cashmere goat ranks among the top in the world in cashmere quality and yield, and is known as? China national treasure? Liaoning cashmere goat is a white cashmere goat with the highest cashmere yield and excellent cashmere quality in the world. It belongs to a variety that produces both cashmere and meat, with high cashmere yield, strong adaptability, stable genetic performance and remarkable improvement effect on local goats, and enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad.
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