1. How many years of history does the Chinese sturgeon have?
The Chinese sturgeon is a sturgeon fish, ranking first among the 27 species of sturgeon in the world. Its ancestors have 140 million on the earth. With a history of tens of millions of years, it belongs to vertebrates in ancient times. It is a rare fish species that only inhabits the coast of China. It is listed as a national first-level protected animal together with the panda.
The Chinese sturgeon has a special physiological structure. It has the characteristics of ancient soft-spine fish and the characteristics of many modern bony fish. It is similar in shape to sharks, and its scales are in the shape of large bony plates. The fish head is pointed, with the mouth under the jaw, small eyes, and behind the eyes on both sides of the head. Each has a crescent-shaped blowhole. It is huge and mighty in shape. It can reach more than 4 meters in length and weighs more than 1,000 kilograms. Some traces of biological evolution can be seen from it, so it is called a living fossil among aquatic organisms. , has high scientific research value.
In recent years, a large number of Chinese sturgeons have died due to river water pollution and the impact of the Three Gorges Dam project. Two years ago, the Science and Technology Bureau of Sanshui County, Guangdong successfully bred this precious fish. The whole body of Chinese sturgeons All are edible, and each part has therapeutic effects. 2. How old is the Chinese sturgeon
The Chinese sturgeon (Aclpenser Sinensis Grdy) is a large anadromous migratory fish and is an ancient unique species in my country. Rare fish. One of the most primitive species of existing fish in the world. As far back as the Zhou Dynasty, more than 1,000 BC, the Chinese sturgeon was called king tuna. The Chinese sturgeon is a bony fish of the order Acipenseriformes. Sturgeons first appeared in the Early Triassic, 230 million years ago, and continue to this day. They live in the Yangtze River Basin in my country and are not found elsewhere. They are truly "living fossils."
The Chinese sturgeon is a specialty fish in my country. It has a spindle-shaped body with five rows of hard scales on the body. It has a long snout, an oral and ventral position, and a crooked tail. This is a marine migratory fish. From September to November every year, it goes up the Yangtze River from Haikou to the area from Jinsha River to Pingshan to breed. The hatched cubs grow in the river for a period of time and then return to the Yangtze River estuary to be fattened. Every autumn, when the Chinese sturgeon migrates up the river for reproduction, a large number of Chinese sturgeons can be caught in various river sections, so it is known as the "King of Fishes of the Yangtze River". Adult Chinese sturgeons are large and heavy, with males generally weighing 68-106 kilograms and females 130-250 kilograms. It is said that the highest record is as high as 500 kilograms. The Chinese sturgeon also lays a large number of eggs. A female sturgeon can lay a million roe at a time, but the survival rate is not high, and only a few will become adults. Because the current of the Yangtze River is relatively fast, fertilization occurs in turbulent water waves, and naturally fertilization is incomplete, which eliminates a batch of fish eggs. During the incubation process, fertilized eggs may encounter predatory fish and other enemies, or "turbulent waves crash on the shore", and a large number of them will be lost. Even if they hatch into small fish, "big fish eat small fish", there will still be certain losses. In this way, although there are many fish eggs laid by "three, five, and two", not many can "grow up into adults" and continue the family line. In fact, this is the result of reproductive adaptation in animals during their evolution. Those species that suffer a large loss of young offspring during the ontogeny will have more offspring; conversely, there will be fewer offspring. This is not the arrangement of "God", but those species that make few moves and suffer heavy losses have been eliminated in the long river of history.
Although the Chinese sturgeon is huge in size, it eats "gentlely". It only feeds on plankton and plant debris, and occasionally swallows small fish and shrimps. According to statistics, the upper reaches of the Yangtze River can produce 20,000 to 30,000 kilograms of Chinese sturgeon every year. However, overfishing in recent years, coupled with the fish's low reproductive rate and long maturity period (about 10 years), has caused its population to decrease. In order to save this "living fossil", a specialty of my country, from extinction, relevant departments have listed the Chinese sturgeon as a protected object. But some specific issues remain to be resolved. For example, after the Yangtze River Gezhouba Water Conservancy Project was completed, it cut off the reproductive migration channel of Chinese sturgeons from Haikou up the Jinsha River. As a result, those pot-bellied female sturgeons were blocked under the dam and died. How to solve the fish passage problem in the dam area is urgent. Fortunately, it is reported that artificial breeding and release of Chinese sturgeons have been successfully tested. It would be more realistic if, through specific practice, Chinese sturgeons could settle down in freshwater and reproduce.
my country has discovered sturgeon fossils named Beipiao Acipenser in the Late Jurassic (140 million years ago) strata in Beipiao, Liaoning. This kind of sturgeon only has one row of lateral line scales on both sides of the body, and the rest of the body surface is yellow, which is different from the Chinese sturgeon with five rows of scales on its body.
Chinese sturgeon, also known as catfish, is a national first-level protected animal. It is a cartilage squamous fish with a long spindle-shaped body, a plow-shaped snout, a broad and thick base, and a pointed snout that is slightly upward. The mouth is located in a horizontal row, with short whiskers in front of the mouth. The eyes are small, with a crescent-shaped water spout hole on each side of the head behind the eyes, and the body is covered with five rows of prismatic bone plates. The caudal fin is crooked and the upper lobe is particularly developed. The Chinese sturgeon is the largest of the 27 species of sturgeon in the world. It is huge in size and has a majestic shape. It can reach more than 4 meters in length and weighs more than 1,000 kilograms.
The Chinese sturgeon has a special physiological structure, which has the characteristics of both ancient soft-backed fishes and many modern bony fishes. It is similar in shape to a shark, with scales in the shape of large bony plates; the head is pointed and the mouth is under the jaw. Some traces of biological evolution can be seen from it, so it is called a living fossil among aquatic organisms and has high scientific research value. It is a treasure in the Yangtze River!
The Chinese sturgeon is a rare fish among the 27 existing species of sturgeon in the world. It is the southernmost sturgeon species in the world and the oldest vertebrate on the earth, with a population of 140 million. With a history of more than 100 years, it is known as a "living fossil".
Due to the construction of the world-famous Gezhouba Dam project on the Yangtze River, the spawning and migration channels of Chinese sturgeons have been blocked. In order to prevent human production and construction from affecting the survival of fish, in 1982, the Party Central Committee and the State Council adopted the suggestions of fish experts and designated relevant national departments to examine and approve the establishment of a professional institution for the rescue of Chinese sturgeons - the Gezhouba Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute. The institute releases more than 300,000 Chinese sturgeons into the Yangtze River every year. Since the first artificial breeding in 1984, a total of 4.44 million Chinese sturgeons of various sizes have been injected into the Yangtze River, and 6,500 large-size mullet fingerlings have been released.
While taking the protection of Chinese sturgeons as its primary purpose, the Gezhouba Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute also carries out diversified operations within the scope permitted by national laws and policies. In 1993, the Chinese Sturgeon Park was officially established and opened to the public. The Chinese Sturgeon Garden is located on the island in the middle of the river on Xiaoxitajijin Road, Yichang County, Hubei Province, covering an area of ??189 acres. Sturgeon Garden is strategically located, with the airport, train station, port, etc. within easy reach. 3. The history of fish dumplings
In the Pre-Qin Dynasty, the original meaning of dumplings refers to finely chopped raw meat, "Hanshu". "Dongfang Shuo Zhuan": "Raw meat is meat." "Book of Rites." "Nei Principles": "Meat with a fine fishy taste is called pork belly." Some meats lose their original flavor and are not tender enough after steaming and cooking, and fresh fish is one of them.
There are records of eating sashimi (fish breasts) in China as early as the Zhou Dynasty, which can be traced back to the fifth year of King Xuan of Zhou (823 BC). The inscription on the unearthed bronze vessel "Xi Jiapan" records that the Zhou army fought against the wolf in Pengya (in today's Baishui County, Shaanxi Province) and returned in triumph. General Yin Jifu held a private banquet for Zhang Zhong and other friends. The main course was roasted turtle and sashimi. "Book of Songs." Xiaoya. "June" recorded this incident: "Drinking all my friends, cannons, turtles, and carp." "Wei carp" means raw carp. "Book of Rites" also says: "Wang, use green onions in spring, and mustard in autumn." The Analects of Confucius also has a description of "eating water chestnuts and other foods without their sauce." Therefore, raw fish and water chestnuts in the pre-Qin period should be eaten with added salt. Onion and mustard sauce for seasoning. "Mencius. "I will do my best" also mentions the name. Zeng Xi was fond of goat dates, but Zeng Zi could not bear to eat goat dates. Gongsun Chou asked: "Which one is more beautiful, water chestnut or lamb jujube?" Mencius said: "Wangzizhi is the best!" Gongsun Chou asked: "Then why did Zengzi eat water chestnut and not sheep jujube?" He said, "Both zhi zhi and lamb jujube are the same." "Yangzao is unique. The name is not disclosed, the surname is the same, and the name is unique." This is also the origin of the idiom "popular", which originally refers to the delicious food, but later refers to the popularity and familiarity of the work.
The record of eating sashimi in southern China can be traced back to the "Wuyue Chunqiu" written by Zhao Ye of the Eastern Han Dynasty. According to "Wuyue Chunqiu". According to "He Lu Nei Zhuan", after the Wu army conquered the capital of Chu and Ying, King Helu of Wu set up a fish dumpling banquet to comfort Wu Zixu, and fish dumplings appeared in Wu. This was in 505 BC. Although many of the contents of "Wu Yue Chun Qiu" come from folklore and are not entirely reliable, they can be used as a reference in the absence of other information.
During the Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and after the Qin and Han Dynasties, the meat of cattle, sheep and other domestic animals and wild beasts became increasingly rare. The meat was usually fish meat, and the word "鲲" was derived to refer specifically to sashimi. "荍" and "鲲" are often used interchangeably, but they should not be confused with the word "焍" which means food processed with fire.
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Chen Deng, the prefect of Guangling, loved to eat raw fish and clams. Due to excessive consumption, he contracted serious diseases such as intestinal infectious diseases and parasites. He recovered after being treated by the famous doctor Hua Tuo, but he recovered After that, he continued to eat sashimi and eventually died due to his greed for sashimi.
Fish and clams were a very common food in ancient times. Ying Shao of the Eastern Han Dynasty recorded customs and strange people and strange things from various places in "Customs and Customs". One of them is: "Zhu'a (now Qihe County, Shandong) I wish Azhen will not eat raw fish." It represents Ying Shao's belief that not eating raw fish is a strange custom. This custom of wishing the A people persisted until the Sui Dynasty. It is also recorded in Geography.
Cao Zhi of the Wei Dynasty of the Three Kingdoms also liked to eat raw fish. His "Famous Capitals" contains: "Seared carp and fetal shrimp, fried turtle and bear's legs." Eat raw fish dipped in shrimp paste . 4. The history of the discovery of krypton
After discovering argon and helium, Ramsey studied their properties and determined their atomic weights. He then considered their place in the periodic table of elements. Because the properties of helium and argon were not similar to those of other elements that had been discovered, he proposed to include helium and argon as members of a new group of chemical elements in the periodic table of chemical elements. He also speculated that this group should also include elements with atomic weights of 20, 82, and 129 based on Mendeleev's hypothesis about the periodic classification of elements.
Between 1896 and 1897, Ramsey, with the assistance of Travis, tried to obtain the element he predicted by heating rare metal minerals in the same way he found helium. They tested a large number of ores but found none. Finally they figured out how to separate the gas from the air. But it is very difficult to remove argon from the air, and chemical methods are basically impossible to use. Only by turning the air into a liquid state first, and then using the different boiling points of its components to turn them into gases one after another, can they be separated one by one. Turning air into liquid requires high pressure and low temperature. It was at the end of the 19th century that the German Linde and the British Hampson simultaneously created the refrigerator and obtained liquid air. On May 24, 1898, Ramsey received a small amount of liquid air from Hampson. Ramsey and Travis successfully isolated a new gas from liquid air.
Ramsey decided to call it krypton (Kr), from the Greek krptos (hidden). 5. The history of Hull
From the map of Britain, Hull is in a remote corner.
This may explain why this ancient seaport city at the mouth of the Humber, where the turbulent waters merge with the North Sea, is so special and even a little weird. Hull has long served as a gateway to continental Europe, accessible by water on the world's largest cruise ferry, or by air from Humberside Airport.
Others arriving on direct trains to London will cross the Humber Bridge (once the longest suspended bridge in the world) to reach the unique urban district of Hull. The accents of the residents here are dry and slightly deep, they are friendly and enthusiastic, humble but full of pride in their city.
Hull is a city in change, with a revival of culture and art, especially the ruins and architectural styles of the Discovery Period. More and more museums have been built here, most of which are free to visitors, more and more bars and restaurants are opening, various shops are constantly changing their appearance, and various art galleries have also sprung up.
People come here to enjoy jazz, salsa, beach house music (music from the Age of Discovery), ballet, opera, symphony, poetry readings, and watch football, ice hockey and rugby games. There are also many traditional favorites to choose from, such as sashimi and Yorkshire puddings, as well as many new and affordable options.
Spearheading the change is the Esoteric, the world's only submarine museum. The museum was designed by world-famous architect Sir Terry Farrell. The unique glass structure, colored cement and aluminum structures are all classic creations.
The Submarine Museum is to Hull what the famous Guggenheim Museum is to Bilbao in Spain, helping to elevate the city's status. "Profound" is not only a place to attract the audience's attention, but also an education and research and development center. It tells the history of the sea, from the Big Bang to early global navigation, until the later deep-sea exploration.
The highlight is the "Endless Ocean", where viewers can see stingrays, moray eels, and 15 different species of sharks, including Europe's only pair of green sawfishes, which are Rays are considered half shark, half chainfish because of their long, bulging mouths filled with teeth. At Easter 2005, Esoteric will open its new "Glimmer Zone" featuring wonders from the animal world, including a giant Japanese spider crab, a wolf eel and a giant Pacific octopus.
From "Profound", you can visit Hull's "Old Town", which was once the seaport of the Royal Navy and is now the third largest port in Britain, where huge ships sail north to the North Pole. , fishing for delicious seafood such as whales and cod. Following the historical allusion of the "Seven Seas Fisheries", 41 different species of fish are carved on a corridor along the river. There are busy fishing boats on the water, and you can also see a locally carved display board.
Wilberforce Mansion is the residence of William Wilberforce, a pioneer in the abolition of slavery in the 17th century. The mansion is part of the recently built museum district.
The museum area also includes the "Business Life" exhibition, the "Transportation Museum", the "Hull and Eastern Expeditions Museum" (geography, archeology and natural history), and the "Arctic Pirates" (a 1960s On the wooden pier, while tasting delicious shark fins and lips, visitors can also enjoy the beautiful scenery of "The Deep" and the Humber Estuary. At the back, a new art gallery showcases local color.
This is also one of the representatives of the city's growing number of art galleries. It is also worth mentioning the award-winning Ferens Art Gallery, which displays modern art galleries. and classical European paintings, as well as outstanding works by Beardsley, Sickert, Steer and Lucien Pissarro from the University of Hull collection, as well as sculptures by Epstein and Henry Moore. In the evening, tourists can join the local residents and crowd into the many fashionable music bars for entertainment, or find a secluded pub to enjoy a pint of Yorkshire ale.
The "Ye Olde White Harte" pub is decorated with oak throughout and has the famous "Conspiracy Room", where it was decided not to allow King Charles I to enter the city, a move that almost provoked the British Revolution in 1642 civil war. This pub is located in Hull's 'Beer Quarter' and, like pubs like 'Ye Olde Black Boy', serves cider and real ales.
Venn is Hull's first Michelin-rated restaurant and is quite popular among European tourists. Its luxurious leather decoration and white interior make them feel at home. The Greeks love strong Italian coffee, fine Italian wines, fresh scallops, pan-fried guinea fowl, corn-roasted chicken, calamari-grilled halibut, fine cheeses and Earl Gray tea, all served on the famous Wedgwood china .
Hull is not full of nightclubs, but there are some worth mentioning, such as: Pozition's coffee bar, roof garden and comfortable sofas, as well as the trendy carnival capital "Fueland Affinity". In the discotheque, famous DJs entertain people, while in the "Light" club, you can enjoy Hull's local music works.
At Durty Nellys, you can enjoy an authentic Irish band performance and taste delicious Guinness beer; at Pave Bar on Princes Street, you can enjoy salsa music and African soul music; at "Hull Trucks" Theater's Sunday Club where you can enjoy authentic jazz. In Adelphi, people still remember that the famous "Oasis" band performed here, and in the newly built "KC Arena", many international stars performed here.
You can watch plays at the Hull Truck Theater, where works by the famous playwright John Godber are often performed. Meanwhile, the Hull New Theater presents dance dramas by Rodgers and Hammerstein, as well as the opera La Traviata and exciting programs by the Moscow City Ballet.
From November 13th to 17th, 2004, the "Humbermouth Literary Festival" was held, where famous writers and poets gathered together to stage a feast of language, literature, art and music. Nearby scenery and accommodation: Unless you want to stay in Hull, you can take the train east along the ancient coastline, where you can see a wide variety of seabirds and strange geological phenomena, as well as Beverley's artistic Galleries and shareholders. 6. The historical story of Lin Xiangru
King Zhao of Qin received Lin Xiangru at Zhangtai (the name of the Qin Palace, its former site is in Xishui, Xi'an City, Shaanxi today). Lin Xiangru held the jade in both hands and presented it to the King of Qin respectfully. More than a jade.
I unfolded the brocade bundle and looked at it. It was indeed pure white and flawless, with sparkling light and carvings. It was truly a rare treasure. I was very happy and handed it to my concubines, civil and military ministers and attendants for appreciation. , everyone tutted in praise, cheered "Long live", and congratulated King Qin. After a long time, the King of Qin never mentioned the matter of exchanging the city for the jade. Lin Xiangru knew that the King of Qin was absolutely not sincere and would not exchange the city for the jade. He came up with a plan and said to the King of Qin: "This jade is very good, but there is a slight problem. Let me show it to the king." After hearing this, King Qin handed the bi to him. Lin Xiangru took the bi and quickly stepped back, leaning against the pillar. He was so angry that he shouted to King Qin righteously: "The king wants this. A piece of beautiful jade was written to King Zhao, promising to exchange it with fifteen cities. At that time, King Zhao summoned the civil and military ministers to discuss, and they all said that Qin was greedy and wanted to defraud Zhao of the jade with a few empty words. p>
Everyone disagrees with sending the jade, but I think: Even if the people make friends and don't cheat each other, what's more, Qin is a great country, and we can't hurt the two countries because of a piece of bi.
The king of Zhao accepted my advice, fasted for five days, wrote a letter of credence, and then sent me as an envoy to bring Baoyu to Qin.
But the king met me in the ordinary palace, and his attitude was so arrogant. The king casually handed such a precious jade to the maids and attendants to look at, which was clearly teasing me and disrespecting the state of Zhao.
I think the king is not sincere in exchanging the city for the jade, so I want it back. If the king must force me, I would rather smash my head against the pillar with this jade." After that, he raised the Heshi Bi, looked at the pillar, and made a gesture to smash it towards the pillar.
The King of Qin was afraid that Lin Xiangru would smash the jade, so he quickly apologized and asked him not to do that. At the same time, he called the official in charge of the map to bring it to him. Five cities are planned to be transferred to Zhao State. Lin Xiangru thought that King Qin was just pretending and would never give the city to Zhao, so he said to King Qin: "This piece of He's Bi is a treasure recognized by the world. King Zhao likes it very much, but because he is afraid that Qin will become too powerful, .
He did not dare not to present this piece of bi to King Qin. When he sent this piece of bi away, King Zhao fasted for five days and held a grand ceremony in the court. Now the king should accept this piece of bi. After fasting for five days, I can present the jade to the king in a ceremony of nine guests at the court."
King Qin thought that the jade was in Lin Xiangru's hands and could not be taken by force, so he agreed to fast for five days. Then, someone was sent to take Lin Xiangru to the Guangcheng Hotel to rest. When he arrived at the hotel, Lin Xiangru thought that although King Qin had promised to fast for five days, he would not really give the city to Zhao, so he chose a capable entourage and asked him to put on coarse cloth and dress up as an ordinary citizen. Bi, quietly hurried back to Zhao State through the night. ”
Besides, the King of Qin pretended to fast for five days and held a grand ceremony of nine guests at the court. The civil and military ministers on both sides lined up and issued an order for Lin Xiangru to come and present the jade. 7. Cast iron pot How old is it?
The earliest pot was a clay pot, a type of pottery, so when talking about the historical origin of clay pots, we must first talk about the origin of pottery, because the invention of pottery was epoch-making in the history of the development of human society. The logo is also the greatest invention of human development.
Pottery has a history of about eight or nine thousand years, but its origins are even earlier. Since primitive humans invented making fire and roasting food, they have been studying the invention of containers. It was initially estimated that Weaving branches into vessels, smearing clay on them and burning them to form water-impermeable containers began with continuous exploration and the emergence of the first pottery pots, which are primitive pottery.
It is still not clear what the earliest pottery in my country looked like. However, according to the excavation of old kiln sites discovered in recent years, some experts classify it as Peiligang Culture and Cishan Culture (also known as Cishan Culture) based on their different properties. Experts consider both types to belong to the same culture).
These cultures are a situation of pottery making in the New Age of my country, which is earlier than the Yangshao culture. The pottery of this period was mainly red pottery, with two types: clay and sand.
The firing temperature of clay pots has always been 900-960°C. Its production is generally washed, and different shapes are made according to needs. The workmanship is relatively delicate, and there are also some production methods that do not go through washing.
The emergence of sand-filled pottery is estimated to have appeared in the process of the ancestors using clay pottery. Clay pottery is more delicate, has smaller pores, and is denser than sand-filled pottery. Some factors determine the clay pottery. Because it is not resistant to burning on fire, the ancestors added a certain amount of sand or other materials to the clay pottery at this time.
There is a difference between the sand grains we are talking about here and the sand grains we are talking about. Because I am engaged in sandware and ceramics, I have a clear understanding of some raw materials. The grit mentioned has also been used before. We call it sand gangue, which mainly contains iron, silicon and aluminum. Not resistant to grinding and burning. Sand-filled pottery was mainly used as cooking utensils and is still used today, such as casseroles.
Later, after the emergence of bronze, pots made of bronze were called "ding". Nowadays, clay pots are also called "ding pots". Dings are only utensils used by the upper class, and clay pots are still used among the people.
After the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, iron became more and more popular, and iron gradually became the main material for making pots, which continues to this day. 8. The historical significance of large-scale contract work
Introduction to household-based contract work, also called large-scale contract work, generally takes farmers as a unit, under the unified organization and management of collective economic organizations, and according to a unified plan, contracts for one season or a whole year or even more Long production tasks.
That is, according to the contract concerning the rights, responsibilities and interests signed by both parties, the farmers arrange various production activities by themselves. In addition to paying agricultural taxes to the state, paying accumulation and other provisions to the collective, the products are completely owned by the contract. owned by. The main form of China's rural household contract responsibility system.
Farmers contract the collective's basic means of production (mainly land) to operate independently, paying various fees due to the state and the collective, and the remaining products or income belong to the contracting household. Farmers enjoy the right to operate and manage land, but ownership still belongs to the state and is still exclusive.
This system was first developed in Fengyang County, Anhui Province.