Beijing; Terrain The city's average altitude is 43.5 meters.

The altitude of Beijing plains is 20-60 meters, and the altitude of mountains is generally 1,000-1,500 meters.

Dongling Mountain is the highest peak in Beijing, with an altitude of 2,303 meters. Climate Beijing's climate is a typical warm temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate, with hot and rainy summers, cold and dry winters, and short spring and autumn.

The annual average temperature in 2007 was 14.0℃ (Beijing Meteorological Bureau).

-7 to -4℃ in January, 25 to 26℃ in July.

The extreme minimum is -27.4℃, and the extreme maximum is over 42℃.

The frost-free period lasts 180 to 200 days throughout the year, and is shorter in the western mountainous areas.

The average rainfall in 2007 was 483.9 mm, making it one of the areas with the highest rainfall in North China.

The seasonal distribution of precipitation is very uneven. 80% of the annual precipitation is concentrated in the three months of June, July and August in summer, and heavy rains often occur in July and August.

In the past, there were frequent sandstorms in spring in Beijing and North China. The number of days when the urban air quality reached Level 2 or better than Level 2 was 246 days (in 2007), 5 days more than the previous year, accounting for 67.4% of the total days in the year.

Introduction Beijing (Běijīng Shì), referred to as Beijing, is the capital of the Republic of China, one of the four central municipalities in China, and the national political, economic, transportation and cultural center [13].

Beijing is located at the northern end of the North China Plain. Part of its southeastern part is connected to Tianjin City, and the rest is surrounded by Hebei Province.

In terms of urban population, Beijing is the second largest city in China after Shanghai, and it is also the main hub of China's land and air transportation.

Beijing has successfully hosted the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

Beijing has a history of more than 3,000 years as a city and more than 850 years as a capital. It is the city with the most world cultural heritage in the world. It is also a famous historical and cultural city and one of the eight ancient capitals in China.

As early as 700,000 years ago, a primitive human group "Peking Man" appeared in the Zhoukoudian area of ??Beijing. The first recorded name of Beijing was "Ji".

There are only a handful of cities in the world that have served as the political and cultural center of a country for as long as Beijing.

It has gathered Chinese culture since the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and has many historical sites and cultural landscapes.

"Encyclopedia Britannica" describes Beijing as "One of the world's great cities".

Beijing is welcoming more than 147 million tourists every year with its ancient and fashionable new look.

Attractions and Temples Religious temples in Beijing are scattered all over the capital. The famous existing ones include: Buddhist Fayuan Temple, Tanzhe Temple, Jietai Temple, Yunju Temple, Badachu Temple, etc.

Taoist Baiyun Temple, etc.

Islamic Beijing Niujie Mosque, etc.

Tibetan Buddhism (Lamaism) Lama Temple, etc., Catholic Xishku Catholic Church, Wangfujing Catholic Church, etc.

Christian churches such as Gangwa City Church and Chongwenmen Church.

Hutong Hutong is one of the most characteristic residential buildings in Beijing. It originated in the Yuan Dynasty. The word "Hutong" means "small street" in Mongolian.

Beijing is dotted with more than 7,000 alleys, each with its own story.

Hutongs have various names, some are named after people, such as Wen Chengxiang Hutong; some are named after markets and commodities, such as Goldfish Hutong; some are named after Beijing dialects, such as Menghutan Hutong.

After investigation, the oldest alley in Beijing is Sanmiao Street, which has a history of more than 900 years; the longest alley is Dongxijiaomin Lane, with a total length of 6.5 miles; the shortest alley is only more than ten meters long; and the narrowest alley is

Qianshi Hutong in the Dashilan area of ??Qianmen is only 0.7 meters wide; while Nanluogu Lane in Dongcheng District has now become one of Beijing's eight characteristic commercial streets.

Siheyuan A Siheyuan is a house built on four sides, southeast and northwest, enclosing a courtyard. The outer walls of the courtyard form the side walls of the alley.

The north room in the courtyard is the main room, and the east and west sides are wing rooms. Except for the door, there are no windows or passages connected to the alley.

The courtyard is quiet and closed, and is a traditional residence in old Beijing.

The former residences of celebrities and royal palaces scattered in the urban area are generally relatively authentic courtyard houses, such as Prince Gong's Mansion on Qianhai West Street.

In recent years, more and more high-rise buildings have been built in Beijing, and courtyards are no longer common. Now there are only two relatively complete courtyard areas in the Second Ring Road.

Central Axis The Beijing Central Axis is the central axis that points out and clarifies the city of Beijing. Beijing's urban planning is characterized by left-right symmetry with the palace city as the center.

The central axis of Beijing starts from Yongding Gate in the south to the Bell and Drum Tower in the north, and is about 7.8 kilometers long.

From south to north, they are: Yongding Gate, Qianmen Arrow Tower, Zhengyang Gate, Zhonghua Gate, Tiananmen, Duanmen, Meridian Gate, Forbidden City, Shenwu Gate, Jingshan, Di'anmen, Back Gate Bridge, Drum Tower and Bell Tower.

Starting from the Yongding Gate at the southern end of this central axis, there are the Temple of Heaven, the Xiannong Altar, the Taimiao Temple, the Sheji Altar, the Donghua Gate, the Xihua Gate, the Anding Gate, and the Desheng Gate, which are symmetrically distributed around the central axis.

Mr. Liang Sicheng, the famous Chinese architect, once said: "Beijing's unique and magnificent order was created by the establishment of this central axis." Yongding Gate, Zhonghua Gate, and Di'an Gate were all built after the founding of the People's Republic of China.

It was demolished and the Yongding Gate Tower was rebuilt in recent years.