(1) The origin of poetry Poetry is the oldest and most literary style with literary characteristics.

Originated from the labor chants and folk songs of ancient people, it was originally a general term for poetry and songs.

In the beginning, there was no distinction between poetry and song. Poetry was combined with music and dance, collectively called poetry.

Chinese poetry has a long history and rich heritage, such as "The Book of Songs", "Chu Ci" and "Han Yuefu" as well as the works of countless poets.

Poetry in Western Europe began with poets such as Homer and Sappho in ancient Greece and Virgil and Horace in ancient Rome.

(2) Characteristics of Poetry Poetry is a literary genre that highly summarizes and reflects social life. It is full of the author’s thoughts, feelings and rich imagination. The language is concise and vivid, with distinctive rhythm, harmonious phonology, and rich

For the beauty of music, sentences are generally arranged in separate lines, focusing on the beauty of structural form.

He Qifang, a modern Chinese poet and literary critic, once said: "Poetry is a literary style that most concentratedly reflects social life. It is full of rich imagination and emotions, often expressed in a direct and lyrical way, and is refined and harmonious.

To a certain extent, especially in the distinctiveness of rhythm, its language is different from the language of prose. "This defining statement summarizes several basic characteristics of poetry: first, it reflects life in a highly concentrated and general way;

Second, it is lyrical and full of rich thoughts and feelings; third, it is rich in imagination, association and fantasy; fourth, the language has musical beauty.

(3) Poetry's expression techniques There are many poetry expression techniques. The earliest and most popular traditional expression techniques in my country are "Fu, Bi and Xing".

"Preface to Mao's Poems" says: "Therefore, poems have six meanings: one is wind, the second is Fu, the third is Bi, the fourth is Xing, the fifth is Ya, and the sixth is Ode." Among these "six meanings", "wind,

"Ya, Song" refers to the types of poems in the Book of Songs, and "Fu, Bi, Xing" are the expression techniques in poetry.

Fu: It is a way of expressing things directly.

Zhu Xi, a scholar of the Song Dynasty, said in the annotation of "Collected Poems": "The poet states the story and speaks directly." For example, "Ge Tan" and "Fu Tiao" in the "Book of Songs" use this technique.

Bi: It is the use of metaphors to describe things and express thoughts and feelings.

Liu Xie said in "Wen Xin Diao Long·Bixing": "What is a comparison? It is a person who writes things to attach meaning and threatens to express things." Zhu Xi said: "A comparison is to compare this thing with another thing.

." For example, chapters such as "Katydid" and "Shuo Rat" in "The Book of Songs" were written using this method.

Xing: It is a writing method that uses the beginning of something to evoke the thing to be described in the topic and to express thoughts and feelings.

Kong Yingda of the Tang Dynasty said in "Mao Shi Zhengyi": "The one who inspires is to start. Taking examples to attract others and arousing one's own mind. Poems and essays that use plants, trees, birds and animals to express ideas are all inspired by words." Zhu Xi is even more clear.

He pointed out: "Those who are Xing first talk about other things to trigger the words to be chanted." For example, chapters such as "Guan Ju" and "Tao Yao" in the "Book of Songs" use the expression technique of "Xing".

These three expression techniques have been handed down and are often used comprehensively to complement each other. They have a great influence on the poetry creation of past dynasties.

There are many expression techniques in poetry, and they have been continuously developed and created throughout the ages, and their application is also flexible and varied. It is difficult to describe them all, such as exaggeration, repetition, overlap, jump, etc.

However, all methods are inseparable from imagination. Rich imagination is not only a major feature of poetry, but also the most important expression technique of poetry.

In poetry, another important technique of expression is symbolism.

Symbols, simply put, mean "to symbolize meaning", but in modern poetry, symbols are also expressed as direct images of the soul, which should be noted.

From a modern point of view, there are three main ways of shaping images in poetry: 1.

match.

Liu Xie said in the book "Wen Xin Diao Long": Comparison is "either a metaphor for the sound, or a metaphor for the appearance, some imitation of the heart, or an analogy for things." There are many examples of these in the poems we listed above.

.

Another commonly used technique in comparison is "personification": using things to imitate people, or people to imitate things.

The former is like Xu Zhimo's "Farewell Cambridge": Gently I leave, / Just as I came gently; / I wave gently, / Say goodbye to the clouds in the western sky.

/ The golden willows by the river, / are the bride in the sunset; / the beautiful shadows in the ripples of light, / are rippling in my heart.

Treat "clouds" and "golden willows" as human beings.

People are used to imitate things, such as Love's "Because of the Wind":...My heart/is as bright as the candlelight in front of your window/a slight ambiguity/is inevitable/because of the wind/…

…With a whole life’s love/Light a lamp/I am a fire/It may be extinguished at any time/Because of the wind.

Compare "my heart" to candlelight and me to a lamp.

Of course, in the final analysis, the essence is still "anthropomorphism".

2.

exaggerate.

It is to enlarge the things to be depicted, like the "capital" and "close-up" shots in movies, to attract the readers' attention and association.

Li Bai's "The water of Peach Blossom Pond is a thousand feet deep, not as deep as Wang Lun's gift to me" ("A Gift to Wang Lun"), "The water flows down three thousand feet, it is suspected that the Milky Way has fallen from the sky" ("Wanglu Mountain Waterfall"), which says "A thousand feet deep"

"Three thousand feet", although it is not the truth, the image he created vividly shows the characteristics of things and expresses the poet's passion. The readers are not only able to accept it, but also convinced, which is a surprise.

However, this kind of exaggeration must be artistic and beautiful, and cannot be too absurd, or too realistic or too vulgar.