The most precious thing left by ancient Greece to the world is its rich spiritual heritage

Ancient Greece was in the 5th and 6th centuries BC, and its contemporary communicative countries mainly included Persia (the Persian War) and Macedonia.

The geographical scope of ancient Greece, in addition to the present Greek peninsula, also includes the whole Aegean region and Macedonia and Thrace in the north, Apennine Peninsula and Asia Minor. In the 5th and 6th centuries BC, especially after the Greek-Persian War, economic life was highly prosperous, which produced brilliant Greek culture and had a far-reaching impact on later generations. The ancient Greeks had profound attainments in literature, drama, sculpture, architecture, philosophy and many other aspects. After the destruction of ancient Greece, this cultural heritage was destructively continued by the ancient Romans, thus becoming the spiritual source of the whole western civilization.

About 8 years before the rise of ancient Greek civilization, brilliant Crete civilization and Mycenae civilization were bred in Aegean region. Around 12 BC, the invasion of Dorians destroyed the Mycenae civilization, and Greek history entered the so-called "dark age". Because the understanding of this period mainly comes from Homer's Epic, it is also called Homer's Age. At the end of Homer's era, ironware was popularized and replaced bronze ware. Maritime trade has also been re-developed, and new city-states have been established. The Greeks used the Phoenician alphabet to create their own characters, and held the first Olympic Games in 776 BC. The convening of the Olympic Games also marked the flourishing period of ancient Greek civilization. Around 75 years ago, with the population growth, the Greeks began to colonize abroad. In the following 25 years, the new Greek city-states spread all over the Mediterranean coast including Asia Minor and North Africa. Among the cities, Sparta and Athens are the most powerful.

Alexander, king of Macedonia, soon put down the uprising of Greek city-states and consolidated the political power. In the first 334 years, Alexander led a great army to cross the sea and crusade eastward, which opened the prelude to his conquest of the world. Alexander's greatest enemy is the powerful Persian Empire. Alexander defeated the Persian army in the Kass River in grani and Isus, and seized Syria and Egypt from the Persians. Persian King Darius Iii tried to make peace, but was rejected by ambitious Alexander. Before 331, the decisive Battle of Gauguin Milla broke out between Alexandria and Darius Iii. Alexander won again, and seized Babylon, and the Persian Empire perished. Alexander continued eastward until the Indus Valley turned back. In 323 years ago, Alexander died of illness, and his huge empire was divided. The history of ancient Greece ended and the Hellenistic era began.

the achievements of ancient Greek civilization mainly include

Olympic Games

ancient Greek mythology

ancient Greek philosophy

ancient Greek mathematics

ancient Greek literature

ancient Greek drama (ancient Greek tragedy, ancient Greek comedy)

ancient Greek medicine

ancient Greek military

ancient Greek health

ancient Rome usually refers to the ancient Greek history from BC. By 395, the Roman Empire was divided into two parts. The Western Roman Empire died in 476. The Eastern Roman Empire (the Byzantine Empire) became a feudal country and was destroyed by the Ottoman Empire in 1453.

Because it is on the peninsula, there are not many countries that intersect with it, and its emergence and demise are mostly from within.

The ancient Roman culture absorbed the essence of oriental civilization and Greek culture extensively and merged them. Roman architecture and sculpture have developed rapidly. The existing buildings are:

Colosseum

Arc de Triomphe in Constantine

Pompeii

Pantheon

Latin letters have become the basis for many ethnic groups to create words. Roman law and jurisprudence have had a far-reaching impact on all countries in the world. Latin prose, represented by Caesar and Cicero, and Roman poetry, represented by Virgil, Horace and Ovid, are the objects of study by scholars all over the world. Christianity, which came into being and developed in the Roman Empire, has a far-reaching influence on the development of the whole mankind, especially the European culture.

Tacitus, a famous historian, has immortal works such as Chronicle, History and Germanic Annals. Li Wei is the author of History of Rome. Appian, a former Egyptian governor of the Roman Empire, also wrote the famous History of Rome. At the same time, Julius Caesar himself also wrote a series of wars described in the third person, such as The Wars of Gaul. Philosopher Lucretius's On Physical Properties is the only book that has been handed down so far to expound the ancient atomism, and the famous scholar Pliny Sr's Natural History is an important document to study the history of science and technology in ancient Rome.