Changsha ancient painting drama is popular in Changsha, Xiangtan, Zhuzhou, Ningxiang, Liuyang and Heping River, and it is the most popular and influential drama in Hunan. As early as the mid-Qing Dynasty, it became popular and flourished in these places.
The main tune of Changsha ancient painting drama is "Sichuan tune", and most plays adopt Sichuan tune. Folk call it "Black Boy Play" because it is equipped with silk and bamboo instruments. Influenced by "Naughty Yellow" in Han Dynasty, Heizai opera gradually moved closer to banqiang music, including one, two, three, guide plate, sad son, four-cavity sad son, singing and sharp cavity. The main repertoires are Pan Fu, Sacrifice Tower and Catch-up.
Changsha Huagu Opera, with Changsha Mandarin as the stage language, is an influential Hunan Huagu Opera. It is developed from rural folk songs, folk tunes and local flower drums, including playing flower drums and ground flower drums-flower drum lanterns, and has a history of 160 years.
Changsha Flower Drum Opera has developed from the clown and Xiao Dan's "second small" to the clown, Xiao Dan and Xiao Sheng's "third small", and then from the "third small" to various roles. However, it is still an important feature of Changsha ancient painting drama.
Among the traditional plays of Changsha ancient paintings and operas, there are a large number of small plays and passbook plays, which are the most distinctive and representative plays. Small plays include "two-person play" and "three small plays". Most operas are developed on the basis of folk songs, fishing songs, minor tunes, flower drums and bamboo lanterns.
Zhangzi Opera, an ancient painting drama in Changsha, is often performed alone in large-scale dramas, and it is the most popular repertoire in Changsha ancient painting drama. After the founding of New China, relying on the cooperation of old artists and literary and art workers, the traditional plays of Changsha ancient paintings and operas have been excavated and adapted. There are 50 scripts, such as Liu Hai Chopping Wood, Lulin Club, Yin-Yang Fan, Nanzhuang Rent Collection and Golden Frog of Liu Hai Drama.
Musically, it belongs to "Qupai Legato". The conjoined method connects many tunes with the same tone according to the needs of shaping the image and keeping the layout of the sound cavity unified and coordinated, so as to achieve the purpose of depicting characters and expressing the plot. However, in terms of expression techniques, it is supplemented by plate changes to make up for the lack of tunes.
The vocal cavity of Changsha ancient painting drama can be divided into three categories: Sichuan cavity, Gong cavity and minor.
The first two categories are called "positive tune", which have relatively fixed vocal cavity format and melody characteristics; The melody, rhythm and mode of the latter tune have changed greatly, and the original folk song structure has been basically maintained. Paper-cut music of Changsha ancient painting drama, with tunes from folk songs and classical music cards.
On the basis of the "three small" dramas, Changsha ancient painting drama has developed the roles of life, Dan, Jing and Ugliness. However, the clown, Xiao Dan and Xiao Sheng still represent the unique artistic style of the play. Clowns can be divided into passbook ugliness, short body ugliness, official clothing ugliness, rotten cloth ugliness, milk ugliness and so on.
The accompaniment band of Changsha ancient painting drama is divided into two scenes: civil and military. There are drums and suona in literature. Drum is the main musical instrument, shaped like erhu, made of bamboo snake skin, with clear and rich timbre, which is used to keep the tune in accompaniment; Suona is divided into big suona and small suona, and small suona is mainly used for knocking on doors. There are drums, gongs, big bills, small bills and small gongs in the martial arts field. Clap your hands is "Kezi".
During the former Changsha government period, Changsha Flower Drum Opera was divided into five artistic schools: Yiyang, Xihu, Ningxiang, Liling and Changsha.
Among them, Ningxiang Road, represented by "Learning Money Tune", plays more romantic dramas such as "The Study Tunes Uncle"; Yiyang and Xihu Road are represented by "Batong School" and "Xihu Tune", with Xue Mei Jiaozi and Meng Jiangnv performing more operas. Changsha Road has to devote itself to the innovation of vocal music because of its access to urban and rural areas. Good at minor, delicate handling, clear pronunciation and mellow voice, euphemistic and fresh, sincere and pleasant, and developed string accompaniment.
After nearly a hundred years of artistic exchange, various flower-drum operas have merged with each other, forming a relatively complete Changsha flower-drum opera system today.
Yueyang ancient painting drama originated from Linxiang ancient painting drama and was popular in Yueyang, Miluo, Linxiang, Tongcheng and Chongyang in Hubei. In the "Baling County Records" in Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty, there is a record of the prosperity of flower drum drama in the countryside around Baling.
As far as music is concerned, the main voice of Yueyang ancient painting drama is called "Qin Opera". The tunes of "Qin Opera" include single sentence, double sentence, dreamy tone, yin tone, sad tone and one-word tone.
Other folk songs in the overseas ancient paintings such as Sifu Tune, Acacia Tune, Noisy Wugeng, Ten Embroideries, Huimen Tune, Ten Cups of Wine and Plum Blossom Introduction are often used at the same time.
Obviously, "Qin Opera" was influenced by China's tunes. There are many operas in Yueyang Huagu Opera that are mainly based on "Qin Opera", so when it spread to Tongcheng and Chongyang in southern Hubei, it was deeply loved by local people because of its musical homology and similar language, and gradually formed a new local opera called "Violin Opera".
The main repertoires of Yueyang's ancient paintings and operas are Sifu, Bubei, Lin Lou Ji, Double Stealing Flowers, Double Selling Wine, Cowherd and Weaver Girl, etc.
Whether it is "Qin Opera" or "Chuandiao", Heizi is equipped with drums and other stringed instruments, and his pronunciation is gloomy and honest.
Yueyang Ancient Painting Opera and Changsha Ancient Painting Opera are collectively called "Palace Opera". "Gong cavity" is also called "Gong cavity", that is, when singing, regardless of strings and voices, there are gongs and drums.
On the basis of local gongs and drums music such as Mupi tune, Trojan tune, Ciqi tune, Si Liu tune and Batong brand, Yueyang ancient painting drama has absorbed some board cavity music since the Han Dynasty, and formed board combination structures such as "guide board", "third-rate", "emergency board" and "scattered board".
The third tune of Yueyang ancient painting drama is called "minor", which is local folk music with strong local color. For example, folk songs such as picking tea, looking at the mother, inverted tune, four seasons green, picking lotus, washing vegetables and so on.
Yueyang Flower Drum Opera also uses some Chinese classical gongs and drums, such as "Wan Nianhuan", "A Flower", "A Moth to the Fire", "Victory Order", "Liu Jin Yao" and "Beside the Dressing Table" as the music to cut the play.
As an independent drama, Yueyang ancient painting drama was originally performed as a "second smallest" drama with weak plot, that is, once it is a lifetime, there will be a "third smallest" drama, that is, once it is ugly, it will use local minor.
Later, Yueyang ancient painting drama was influenced by Hubei Han opera and other operas, and performed dramas with stronger plots and more characters.
Changde Flower Drum Opera is mainly popular in Changde, Taoyuan, Hanshou, Linli, Dayong, Cili and other places.
Changde Huagu Opera originated from folk "tea-picking lanterns" and "car lanterns" and flowed into cities in the late Qing Dynasty. During the reign of Xuan Tong, Changsha Daily recorded that "Lantern Prostitution" was prohibited in Changde, which forced ancient Chinese paintings and dramas to be performed together and was directly influenced by Changde Han Opera.
In the past, many artists of ancient paintings and operas studied China operas and joined Han classes. Their performances are often "two pots" with Han, which is called "two classes" locally. This situation continued until the founding of New China.
Changde's music is also "Sichuan tune", "gong cavity" and "minor" The main repertoires are Watching Flowers in the Shadows, Jumping on the Pink Wall, Picking Mushrooms, Going Down the Mountain, and The Death of Second Sister You, which were adapted after the founding of New China.
Hengyang ancient painting opera is a kind of folk opera popular in southern Hunan. Different places have different names. They are called lanterns in Hengyang, Hengnan, Leiyang and Changning, Dihua Valley in Youxian and Chaling, Lantern in Anren, Lantern in Yongxing and Diao Chan in Jiangyou.
Shaoyang ancient painting drama, formerly known as ancient painting and ancient painting drama, rose in old Shaoyang county and was called Shaoyang ancient painting drama in 1950s. It is mainly popular in Shaoyang, Shaodong, Xinshao, Shaoyang, Longhui, Dongkou and Xinhua. It is one of the most local operas in Hunan ancient paintings, and its stage language is a combination of Qihe Baohe School and Shaoyang local language.
On the basis of Lantern Opera, Shaoyang Opera absorbed the essence of Shidao Opera, God-fighting stories and local traditional songs and dances, and later absorbed some stage art forms of Qi Opera, with rich and wonderful performing arts, especially those of Xiao Dan and Clowns.
Shaoyang, known as Baoqing in ancient times, is a place with profound cultural origin, developed folk culture and prosperous singing and dancing. Shaoyang ancient painting drama is developed on the basis of local folk songs and dances "puppet show" and "lanterns for chariots and horses".
"Pairing", or "Pairing Flower Drum", was performed by the clown and Xiao Dan. Xiao Dan danced with a flower fan, and the clown took a small step singing and dancing. "Car and horse lights", that is, once in the car, one ugly cart, one ugly horse riding, singing and dancing on the same stage. Its "car" and "horse" are made of bamboo and silk and tied to the actors. "Pairing" and "Cars and Horses Lights" are both played with gongs and drums, accompanied by Hu Qin and Suona.
As far as style is concerned, Shaoyang ancient painting drama can be divided into three schools: East, South and West.
East Road originated from Lantern Festival, with Sichuan tunes and gongs and drums as the main music materials. These artists are all male actors, mostly wizards, who practice witchcraft while singing.
South Road originated from "Dui Gu Hua", and the music is mainly playing signs and minor tunes. There are more female artists who often perform in the same class as acrobats who step on soft ropes, or they both have skills, stepping on soft ropes during the day and singing ancient paintings at night.
West Road and South Road have the same roots, and the music is mainly in minor. Most of these artists are wizards, singing while walking as witches, mainly male characters, and occasionally female dancers. West Road and South Road merged earlier, so the only difference in style is East Road and South Road.
In the early days, Shaoyang Flower Drum Opera was mostly performed as a "social fire", which was an amateur club during religious festivals and rural activities such as Nuo and Qing Niangniang, that is, it was temporarily invited to perform on the threshing floor and lawn.
During the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, semi-professional and professional class clubs appeared, and most of the members were craftsmen, farmers, wizards and so on. They are busy farming and study art in their spare time. Some of them are singing operas while walking, and most of their performances are in the suburbs of counties and towns. Some professional clubs are open all year round, and their trips cover some urban and rural areas in Guizhou, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Hubei, Yunnan and Sichuan, so they are called "Jianghu classes".
Liling ancient painting drama is very popular in Liling, Hunan. It is deeply loved by Liling people and influenced by the surrounding operas, and has become the unique charm of ancient paintings and operas.
The Flower Drum Opera in the above places is a wonderful work in Chinese literary gardens. In particular, the famous Hunan ancient painting drama "Liu Hai Chops Wood" is deeply loved by people all over the country because of its well-known "Pigu Tune".
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