The winter solstice is one of the 24 solar terms in the China lunar calendar. When is the solstice in winter? Every year is different. There is a folk proverb in Chaoshan that "the solstice in winter never leaves November", which refers to the lunar calendar. Gregorian calendar dates are very accurate. Most years are on February 22nd, that is, 12, but some years are on February 20th or 23rd, that is, 12. The ancients said that the solstice in winter is as big as a year. The hipsters learned from their life practice that on the solstice in winter, "the sun is at the South Pole and the shadow is very long". According to modern astronomical science, the sun shines directly on the tropic of Capricorn from the winter solstice. Chaoshan, located in the northern hemisphere, has the shortest day and the longest night in a year. Therefore, there is a folk saying that "the winter festival night is the longest and the sky is difficult to shine". There is also a folk song "Winter Festival Night, a long time, glutinous rice balls don't eat, it won't be bright". "winter festival pills, a bite of Chinese New Year". It is usually called another name for "Plus New Year" or "Little Lunar New Year". The weather from winter to Sunday is closely related to the weather and agricultural activities throughout winter. There is a saying in an agricultural proverb: "There is no rain on the solstice in winter, and it is sunny in winter". The agricultural proverbs and health care proverbs from winter solstice in Chaoshan are rich in folk customs and meteorological contents: "Winter solstice is at the end of the month, and the weather is cold;" The winter solstice is in the middle of the month, cold and frost-free; The solstice of winter is at the end of the month, and the cold is in February. " "Winter is in the first place, and selling a house is to buy cattle; When winter comes, sell cattle to buy quilts. " "Winter Festival, Sue. Sunny); The winter festival is red and rainy (wet rain). " "Winter solstice rises, and cows freeze to death in the New Year. The winter solstice is sunny and the coming year will be fruitful. ""winter solstice. After the crops are peaches and plum milk. " "There is no straw on the solstice of winter, and the straw will fall off overnight. "Second," the solstice in winter is not cold, and the solstice in summer is not hot. " "In winter till the solstice, a plow is not as good as a gold. Plow gold before the winter solstice and iron after the winter solstice. " There is also: "Eat solstice radish in winter and solstice ginger in summer, and eat it at the right time without pain." The solstice in winter is very dry, the bell rings and people cough. Holiday proverbs are a summary of the practical experience of hipsters. The folk activities of Chaoshan Winter Festival on the ninth day of winter solstice are rich and colorful. Interestingly, it has a unique connection with the ninth day, which makes this festival full of philosophy, but it also has a strong lake culture. Analysis of "Nine". The ancient book says: "The fifteenth day after the heavy snow is the time to hit your fingers from the winter solstice." Solstice of winter. The eleventh day of the lunar calendar and one of the 21st to 23rd days of the solar calendar. Influx people regard the solstice of winter as "Little New Year"; Therefore, it is called the Winter Festival. As the saying goes; "Winter solstice is nine years old", from the winter solstice, it entered the "counting nine", and hipsters also have the custom of "counting children". According to the theory of Yin and Yang in the past, the odd number is Yang, and "nine" is the largest one of the positive numbers, which is called "extremely positive number". The ancients said: "Winter is a sunny day", and the winter couplet written by Raoping County poet Yang: the length of the moon; Midwinter solstice to Changyang. Another name for Long Moon and November of the lunar calendar. The coffin is a shadow of the sun. I not only noticed the seasonal characteristics of the nickname "Midwinter Festival" mentioned above, but also showed that the soul of the sun would rise from the winter solstice. Good will prevail over evil. The divination of "Nine" is predictive. Yang, a native of Raoping, also wrote a second pair of winter couplets. First, the method of blowing phlegm is auspicious; In winter, when heavy snow indicates a bumper harvest year; The second is: add embroidery to the boudoir from day to day; The winter solstice twips move fly ash. These two couplets both demonstrate the beautiful custom of "divination" from the winter solstice to the sun, and the two difficulties of "blowing" and "flying ash" must be understood from the definition of "burning ash": in ancient times, in order to predict the solar terms, reed film was burned into ash and put into a legal cylinder, and when it reached a certain solar term, the ash in the corresponding legal cylinder would fly out by itself. As can be seen from the couplets, there is a custom of divination in front of Chaozhou. Again; "Winter is dark and cool (sunny and warm), winter is red and rainy (cloudy and rainy during the Spring Festival)" The influx of people predicted that the climate of "winter solstice will be nine years old" is quite effective. "Nine". There is a Kowloon Lane in Rongcheng Shopping Street, Jieyang. The resident's surname is Lin and his ancestral home is Lin Tiandu. His father gave birth to nine sons. He went to the city to start a business and establish a clan, so the left lane was named Jiulong Lane. During the winter festival, four red sweet balls are placed on the hearts. Nine is long, four is the world, and the group speaks in unison. This folk activity has the profound meaning of "Nine sons were born in dragons" and "passed down from generation to generation". Guo Zeng, the owner of Ximenchi in Rongcheng, Jieyang, wrote 19 couplets, each with 9 words. Li Anyun: The soft shadow of sunshine and wind just took a photo; Qionglou Yuyu is too high to be cold. Write the temporal and spatial landscape of the winter festival extranet, and the next part shows Su Shi's famous sentence "One person travels to Jixiang Temple on the winter solstice". Painting "Nine" Chaozhou's "Nine" is different from the nine-petal painting of plum blossoms in Beijing and the Central Plains, and it is also different from the painting of "Nine Flowers to Eliminate Cold". For example, the winter festival products in Huilai County are called "big balls", which are divided into two categories: one is called "Hongsi", which shows that rice is dyed red, and the top is stacked with small flowers cut by various pigments, which is called "Tuanhua"; The other, without Redmi, uses small scissors to cut characters, patterns, animal images or patterns on a smooth surface, which is called hairball. It is an admirable handicraft, which adds ingenuity and artistic charm to winter festivals and is rare and precious in the folk history of eastern Guangdong. On the solstice of winter, there are customs such as offering sacrifices to ancestors, eating sweet pills and sweeping graves. Ancestor worship: Chaoshan villagers prepare three kinds of sacrifices and fruits, such as pork, chicken and fish, and go to the ancestral hall to worship their ancestors, and then their families sit around the table for dinner. Generally speaking, worship ends before noon and family members get together at lunch. However, in coastal areas, such as the seamounts in Raoping, ancestors are sacrificed in the early morning before fishermen go out to sea to fish, which means asking God and ancestors to bless fishermen's fishing safety. Eating sweet pills: the ancients thought that "the solstice in winter is the sun, and everything wakes up." Although it is still in the cold season, people have already smelled the breath of spring. According to legend, there is a custom of "drinking wine, drinking vegetables and paying tribute to the elderly" from winter solstice in Han Dynasty. Sweet pills have been popular since the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Sweet pills are not only sweet soup made of glutinous rice flour and water pills, but also the most representative food from winter to Sunday. Before the winter festival, farmers' housewives poured glutinous rice flour in succession (most of them are rolled by machines now), and some people exchanged needed goods as gifts for relatives and friends. On the morning of the Winter Festival, adults and children in the family often sit around bamboo gourds or big plates. Each person extracts a powder ball made of glutinous rice flour and water in advance and rubs it into marble with both hands. This is called "Winter Festival Pill". "Winter Festival Pill" symbolizes the perfection of the whole family at the end of the year. Some "winter festival pills" will also be filled with orange cake, honeydew melon candy, bean paste and so on. Commonly known as "Mother Duck Cup", and "Winter Festival Pill" can be kneaded into different sizes at will, which is a good sign for "Gongsun Pill". Winter sweet pills are usually cooked before dawn. After the family gets up, they should eat a bowl of "Winter Festival Pills". There is a folk saying in Chaoshan that "the Chinese New Year will be celebrated as soon as the winter festival pill is eaten", commonly known as "adding the year", which means that although the year is not over, everyone has added one year. Children are most eager to eat this bowl of sweet pills, and often wake up at night to ask if it is dawn? However, the sky seems to be joking with the children, and it is always dark. Therefore, there is a nursery rhyme that "the winter festival night, the fragrant pills are not cooked for a long time". In fact, every year on the winter solstice, the night is the longest, and after the winter solstice, the night gradually becomes shorter. This custom is almost common in Chaoshan area, but it also contains an interesting custom: on this day, after people worship their ancestors, they will take out some sweet nine and stick them on their doorways, beams and rice jars. According to legend, there are two reasons: first, sweet pills are sweet and round, which means beauty. It heralds another bumper harvest and family reunion next year. If a family can meet it by chance on this day, just like the "water splashing festival" of ethnic minorities, it is a good sign. If an outsider happens to visit on this day and let an outsider meet it, these outsiders will also have good luck. Therefore, people do not want outsiders to visit on this day. One is for mice. According to legend, the seeds of grain were bitten by mice from far away places for farmers to plant. In order to repay the contribution of mice, farmers agreed to leave a small part uncut when harvesting every year, so that mice could eat it. Later, because a greedy man harvested all the grains in the field, the mouse complained angrily to the goddess Guanyin. Guanyin felt sorry for her, so she gave her a pair of hard teeth and told her that she would move into someone else's house to find food in the future. Since then, rats have been doing evil everywhere. Become one of the "four evils" today. However, this custom of "sticking sweet pills everywhere" will not last long after all. It is not only unsanitary, but also unsightly and wasteful, and naturally dies out. And this custom of "eating incense for nine" has been passed down to this day. Going to the cemetery: This is another activity from the winter solstice. According to Chaoshan custom, the annual grave sweeping is generally carried out in Qingming and winter solstice, which are called "spring paper" and "winter paper". Generally speaking, the custom of "handing out spring paper" should be carried out in the first three years after death, and "winter paper" can only be carried out three years later. However, most people like to carry "winter paper" because it often rains during the Qingming period, and the road is difficult to walk; The weather is fine on the solstice in winter, which is very suitable for picnicking in the mountains. There is also a saying in Chaoshan that "you are one year older after eating the Winter Festival". According to Mr. Wang Ling 'an's "Talking about the Old Customs of Shantou": "People have two explanations for this: one says that the winter solstice is a small year, and one year will be added after the small year; The person who says this proverb is a prisoner. In ancient times, every autumn was the season of killing people. Prisoners who commit capital crimes are usually executed in autumn. If they are not executed on the winter solstice, they will usually be postponed until next year, so they say "wait another year". Chaoshan custom is a part of Chaoshan culture. In the long-term life and social practice, people have inherited good customs and abandoned bad ones. The custom of "going to the grave to sweep the grave" from the winter solstice is to commemorate the hard work of ancestors, and "eating sweet pills" is to herald another bumper harvest in the coming year, which is naturally passed down.

Festival at the age of 18

The first day of the first month, commonly known as "New Year". Early in the morning, every household sets off firecrackers, commonly known as "opening the door" to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Vegetarian breakfast, worship Buddha and God. I usually eat porridge, but I have to eat dry food on this day, which means that it won't rain when I go out. On this day, everyone should say auspicious words. No swearing, sweeping the floor, splashing dirty water, using knives and scissors and collecting debts from others. When children break a plate, they should immediately say "Don't be taboo, don't overdo it" or "Open your mouth and be rich". On the second day of the following year, every family sacrifices their ancestors to eat meat, which is commonly known as "a good start". Friends and acquaintances will say "new prosperity and good luck" to each other when they meet. There is also a saying that "the first day is early, the next day is embarrassing, and the third day sleeps for half a day." On the fourth day of the fourth day, every household received the gods, and firecrackers continued at midnight, making the incense in the temple more prosperous. It was not until the fifth day, commonly known as "after the fifth day, everyone looked for a job class", that people began to carry out normal work and productive labor. The last day of Lunar New Year's Eve is called New Year's Eve, and this night is called New Year's Eve. Chaoshan custom calls it "Chinese New Year". Before New Year's Eve, people are busy preparing all kinds of new year's goods: buying chicken, duck and fish; Add new clothes; Newly purchased furniture and appliances; Buy New Year pictures, Spring Festival couplets, etc. I especially want to buy oranges, green olives and other fruits as a symbol of good luck and welcome friends and relatives. Before the Chinese New Year, men must get a new hairstyle and women must "pull their faces". Nowadays, most women get haircuts and beauty treatments. Lunar calendar1February 24th is the day when "immortals" report their work to heaven. From that day on, every household was cleaning, cleaning things and bills, which is called "picking up". One or two days before New Year's Eve, every household will make all kinds of new year's goods. Families who go out on New Year's Eve have to rush home for reunion. On New Year's Eve, the whole family gathered around the stove for a reunion dinner. After dinner, adults give "lucky money" to children and their parents. At night, farmers' tanks should be filled with water, rice tanks should be filled with rice, and the lights should not be put out, which symbolizes the good omen of "more than one year" and "more than one year". The custom of keeping old age on New Year's Eve is very common. Waiting for the arrival of the new year, the New Year bell rings and firecrackers sound in every household. Spring Festival The first day of the first lunar month is called Yuanri, which is the beginning of the New Year and the beginning of spring. At the dawn of heaven, I heard guns. On the big table in the hall of every household, red plates are filled with good luck (that is, oranges are bigger than oranges, so they are called good luck), green olives and all kinds of exquisite candy. Decorated with lanterns in front of the door, the younger generation wishes the older generation tea. On this day, most families should be vegetarian, at least they don't eat meat for breakfast. After breakfast, adults and children take Daji to visit relatives and friends, and the host and guests exchange good wishes and congratulate them on making a fortune and adding blessings. The host entertained the guests with spurge and betel nut (the ancient custom respected betel nut, but now it has been replaced by green olive) and tasted congou. The guest presented Daji to congratulate the host on his good luck, and the host hoped to return it with Daji. It is said that this is an auspicious return to repay his good wishes. On the morning of New Year's Day, many lion dance classes and English song teams beat gongs and drums to pay tribute to every household in every village, and the host set off firecrackers to welcome them. There are also hand-cranked evergreen leaves (commonly known as cash cows) or calligraphy posted on people's doors with auspicious sentences such as "lucky money into treasure"; Or those who play suona, knock on bamboo boards, sing songs, make four sentences and say auspicious words from door to door, all take the opportunity to ask for some money. On the second and third day of New Year's Day, many cultural activities were organized in rural towns to celebrate the Spring Festival. In addition to putting up playhouses to perform Chaozhou Opera, Mountain Opera and Shadow Play, there are also big gongs and drums teams, tigers and lions teams, English song teams and dragon dance teams marching and performing in villages along the street. There are movies, ball games, calligraphy and painting exhibitions, solve riddles on the lanterns and so on. During the day and at night, people flock to enjoy sightseeing and watching, which is a lively and happy Spring Festival atmosphere. New Year's Eve is approaching after every household's house is newly decorated. Therefore, housewives are busy preparing the most abundant and meaningful reunion dinner in a year. A family reunion dinner, as its name implies, is a family gathering for dinner during the Chinese New Year, which even the deceased ancestors will never forget. Therefore, after a good reunion dinner, every household should first "worship the husband" (worship the ancestors). When offering sacrifices to ancestors, we should remove the incense burner representing ancestors from the shrine and put it on the altar, then burn incense to pray and invite ancestors to dinner. Then the young and the old bow down in an orderly manner, which fully shows the traditional virtues of the hipsters, such as being cautious to the end and pursuing the distance, and all virtues are filial first. After the sacrifice, the food for ancestor worship was reheated, a big table was set in the hall, and the whole family was surrounded. This is a wonderful time for every family to get together. No matter how far apart the family is at ordinary times, or how many pimples there are at ordinary times, they should laugh heartily at this time and not say anything sad or noisy. After dinner, housewives were busy clearing the table, so a cleaning activity began. This time, we don't have to pay too much attention to cleaning, it's just for cleaning. Unlike the one at the end of the year, we have to brush pine branches and grass. Then he lit a fire in the stove and began to prepare the offering to God tomorrow-vegetarian food. There are many kinds of vegetarian dishes, such as taro, sweet potato, jujube, peanut, taro and sweet potato. All the ingredients of vegetarian dishes should be ready and dried at noon next week. When frying vegetarian dishes, the fire is ready, put an iron pot and inject a lot of peanut oil. When the oil boils, mix these materials with the slurry and put them into the pan, which will squeak and bubble in the oil pan. After cooking, Huang Chengcheng is especially attractive. At this time, if there are guests at home, the hostess will offer a plate of newly fried vegetarian dishes and then soak them in mellow congou tea, so that you can taste delicious Chaoshan snacks. Sending lucky money is an important part of Chaoshan Spring Festival custom. The elders should give money to the younger generation, and the younger generation who can make money should also send money to the elders. The money can't be sent directly to wait for a while, but should be wrapped in a profit package or read in a red paper package. This is commonly known as "belly pressing and waist pressing", which means that from the beginning of the year to the end of the year, the pocket will be full of reality and wealth. It is particularly interesting that when a child sleeps, his parents will put a large bill in his belly pocket and retrieve it after waking up. New Year's greetings and oranges are also called "Chongyi". On the morning of the first day of junior high school, people get up and put on new clothes. The first thing is to worship themselves. Usually, the younger generation wishes their elders first, and then the elders give their expectations to the younger generation. After breakfast, each of them pays a New Year call to relatives and friends. As the Chaoshan saying goes: "The first and second days of the first year have the meaning of New Year's greetings, and the third and fourth days have no intention of New Year's greetings." It is said that the sooner you pay a New Year call, the more you can see its sincerity. Therefore, some people go to pay New Year greetings to relatives and friends immediately after getting up, and then eat after coming back. No matter how many gifts people bring, oranges (Chaozhou oranges) are indispensable. Orange takes its homonym "Daji", it doesn't matter whether it is more or less, but it can't be odd. When New Year visitors enter the doors of relatives and friends, they should look at different people and say different greetings. Say "Happy New Year" and "Longevity is better than Nanshan" to the old people, and they will grin; For those who have jobs, they say "smooth work" and "progress in the new year", which will make listeners very happy; If you are a businessman, what you hear most are "making a big profit in the New Year" and "making a big fortune to benefit the market"; If children are studying, what they want most is to make progress in their studies and achieve excellent results in the new year. Send them this greeting and they will be very friendly to you. After being seated, the host will make famous Chaoshan congou tea to entertain the guests. Before leaving, the host will leave two oranges in the gift, and then exchange his oranges to bring good luck to the other party. When a humorous person goes out to pay a New Year call, he often puts only two oranges in his trouser pocket. After the New Year call, these two oranges are still in his trouser pocket. Therefore, good-hearted people call the New Year greetings at the beginning of the year "the orange change movement". On the second and third day of the first month, the married daughters return to their parents' home to celebrate the New Year with their husbands and children. When a daughter goes back to her mother's house, she must bring a big bag of biscuits and sweets, which are distributed to her neighbors by her mother, just like the scene of the New Year. If there are many daughters at home and these daughters don't come back on the same day, then we will have to share them one by one. The gift is very thin, only four biscuits. However, it embodies a deep affection, and the real "courtesy is light and affection is heavy" expresses the girl's yearning for the villagers. When a girl comes home, if she has a nephew at home, her aunt must pay the fee again. Although she gave lucky money on the first day of the Lunar New Year, this time it had a different meaning. This custom is called "eating day and night" by Chaoshan people. As the name implies, this is just lunch, and the daughter must get back to her husband's house before dinner.

Seven dishes a day!

On the seventh day of the first month, there is a local custom of eating seven dishes. In Chaoshan Plain, the custom of eating seven kinds of vegetables on the seventh day of the first month has a long history: on this day, people cook seven kinds of vegetables together and make a good start, which means they can see clearly and prosper. This custom can be traced back to the Jin Dynasty at the earliest. Dong Xun, the minister of Ichiro of the Jin State, wrote in the Book of Rites Q&A: "The first day of the first month is a chicken, the second day is a dog, the third day is a pig, the fourth day is a sheep, the fifth day is a cow, the sixth day is a horse, and the seventh day is a man", so the seventh day is called "Man wins the Festival". People must eat a cake made of seven vegetables every day, and then eat seven vegetables directly without making those cakes. In Chaoshan area, seven kinds of dishes are cooked in a pot and eaten at noon, which is called "seven kinds of soup". These seven dishes are generally radish, thick cabbage, onion, garlic, leek, celery and spring vegetables. Because radish is "innocent"; Leek, commonly known as long vegetables, is as "rejuvenated" as spring vegetables; Onions are "smart"; Celery needs diligence; Garlic and thick vegetables are cost-effective. Before eating, the elders always say: the home is clean and white, the New Year is full of energy, smart and hardworking, everything is cost-effective, and everything is unscrupulous. In fact, there is a scientific basis for people to eat seven kinds of vegetables every day. At this time, spring came, the weather became warmer, and vegetables gradually increased. Eating mixed vegetables can adapt the stomach to seasonal changes. Eating "seven dishes" on the seventh day of the first month is an ancient custom in the Central Plains, which has been preserved in Chaoshan for a long time because of its kindness. It makes people have a good mood, and at the same time, it places people's wishes for prosperity, smoothness and good luck.

The ninth day of the right month.

The rural areas in Chaoshan area call the ninth day of the first month "Tianshou", and its story comes from the creation of the universe by Nu Wa Niangniang. The first day is rooster day, the second day is dog day, the third day is pig day, the fourth day is sheep day, the fifth day is ox day, the sixth day is horse day, the seventh day is human day, the eighth day is valley day, the ninth day is sky day, and the tenth day is earth day. On this day, women prepared incense sticks and lent bowls, and put them outdoors at the entrance of patio lane to worship heaven and pray for God's blessing. There are still many taboos on the day of "Destiny": after getting up in the morning and washing your face, don't pour the washing water into the sewage ditch and the ground to avoid polluting God's face. Once you do this, you will be afraid of being scolded by God. Open-air places do not sweep the floor on the same day, and the garbage swept in the house should be parked until the next day; Women's underwear is not allowed to be hung outside, but indoors, otherwise it will be a disgrace to God, and Yin and Yang will collide and be blamed by God. Farmers don't pick up feces for fear of splashing on the ground and polluting gods and grandfathers.

the Lantern Festival

Also known as Shangyuan Festival, this is because Taoism believes in the three official gods (Tiangong, Underground Palace and People's Palace), and the fifteenth day of the first month is called Shangyuan Festival, hoping to get the blessing of Tiangong. The activities of Chaoshan Lantern Festival mostly include hanging lanterns, swimming lanterns, lion dancing, solve riddles on the lanterns, eating soup and medicine, etc. Its main content is lanterns, so it is also called Lantern Festival. It has the strongest entertainment color, so it is called the Lantern Festival. The Lantern Festival in Chaoshan is second only to the Spring Festival. The old-school spirit-wandering games are held around the Lantern Festival, with long activities, many events and more rich folk culture. After China's reform and opening up, local governments advocated to carry out various healthy cultural activities and social activities at home and abroad during this period, which made this festival more contemporary and positive. Lantern Festival lanterns have always been very popular. Ming Jiajing's engraving of the Chaozhou opera "Mirror Flower Edge" was once called "a good light shed with three streets and six lanes". Qing Jiaqing's Chenghai County Records quoted Old Zhiyun: "From the eleventh night, the temple street was decorated with lights, ladies-in-waiting wandered, flowers blossomed and flowers fell, and the singing reached its peak." He also said: "On this ordinary night, all temples are decorated with lanterns and colorful decorations, vying for Aoshan, picturesque figures and pavilions ... for lanterns." The most famous is Chaozhou. After the rise of Chaozhou Seiryuji in the early Qing Dynasty, the city was intoxicated by lanterns and gongs and drums for three nights every year. On the second night of the second day, everyone gathered in the North Gate Arrow Road for appraisal, and kept improving year after year, making Chaozhou Lantern famous at home and abroad. Chaozhou folk songs include "Hundred Lights Song", which shows the prosperity of Chaozhou Lantern Festival. Except for the large-scale Lantern Festival, every household hangs happy lanterns. From 13, I went to the ancestral hall to hang lanterns, and on 15, I took them back and hung them at home. This is called Xing Deng. "Light" and "Ding" are homophonic. Old customs all hope that "people will flourish", which is convenient for making homophonic "Xing Deng (Ding)" items on lanterns during the Lantern Festival. Now there is basically no such connotation in watching lanterns on the Lantern Festival. In towns and some rural areas with well-developed civilizations, the old customs have been abandoned and replaced by neon lights of various commercial advertisements, decorative lighting of government agencies, stars all over the sky in parks and roads, and various dry battery lanterns for children to enjoy. Many families have colored lanterns, and some families have traditionally hung red lanterns with light bulbs. Cities and counties also hold large-scale light shows, with colorful fire trees and silver flowers, and new wine in old bottles, which is pleasing to the eye.

Qingming Festival

Tomb-Sweeping Day is one of the 24 solar terms in China and a traditional folk festival in China. According to the lunar calendar, Qingming has no fixed month or date, but it is all in February or March; In other words, last year's winter solstice spent 106 days, which is Qingming; According to the solar calendar, it is April 5 or 4 (depending on February 29 of that year). Chaoshan people's crossing Tomb-Sweeping Day is different from the customs and activities all over the country, and has a strong local color. Eat pancakes. Qingming cake is very popular in Chaoshan, and almost every household is no exception. There is a legend about Tomb-Sweeping Day eating pancakes in Chaoshan: In the 14th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1675), Zheng Jing, son of Zheng Chenggong, led troops to besiege Zhangzhou City in southern Fujian, and Huang, commander of Qing army, sent troops to fight back. After months of siege, countless residents in the city starved to death and the survivors were buried with straw mats. In the same year, during 10, the Qing army surrendered. In order to mourn the dead relatives and friends, the people of Zhangzhou made pancakes in the shape of straw mats to offer sacrifices to the dead princess. This custom has been handed down from generation to generation. Pancakes are made by mixing refined flour with appropriate amount of warm water, fully stirring and kneading into blocks, placing them on a frying pan (flat-bottomed iron pan) on the fire, branding them into round pancake skins, and then wrapping the stuffing. There are two kinds of materials, salty and sweet. Salty stuffing is cooked bean sprouts, leeks mixed with chicken or shredded pork, mushrooms, shrimp skin, shredded eggs, fried onion beads and other seasonings. At the entrance, sweet and delicious sauce is coated on the crust as delicious food. The sweet stuffing is made of crisp thin slices of sugar processed with white sugar, or by adding spices such as shredded melon and sesame seeds to wrap the pancake skin to make pancakes. When eating, the pancake skin is rolled into a tube for eating. The leek in spring is warm in sunny season, which is a good vegetable to protect the liver and has the functions of promoting qi circulation, regulating blood and removing blood stasis. There is a saying in folk proverbs that "eat leeks in spring to cure diseases and eliminate disasters". Adding mung bean sprouts has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, quenching thirst and diuresis, with excellent curative effect, rich nutrition and delicious taste. Tomb-Sweeping Day, a Chaoshan native, eats pancakes from the ancient custom of Cold Food Festival. Qingming eclipse pancake not only has the significance of commemorating the ancient cold food custom, but also can enjoy delicious food with unique flavor. Steamed pine nuts. There is a tree in Chaoshan called Puzishu (also called Pudingshu, belonging to Ulmaceae). Its leaves are oval or oblong, its fruit is rounder than mung bean, its taste is sweet and nontoxic, and it has the effect of resolving phlegm and regulating qi. During the Qingming period, the climate is getting warmer, the vegetation is lush, and the leaves of Puccinia stipulata are full of light green. It is said that in the past, Yuan soldiers invaded Chaozhou during the Qingming period, killing and plundering people, making them miserable. They were forced to avoid people in the mountains and forests. They were hungry for food, so they had to pick leaves from common seeds to satisfy their hunger. Later generations will always remember this deep hatred, so there is a folk proverb of "eating leaves in Qingming Festival". The influx of people has been passed down from generation to generation, and the custom of processing and steaming "Puzi Tree" in Tomb-Sweeping Day has been passed down to this day. Pu Shu is a kind of tree which is picked from the leaves and fruits of Pu Shu (commonly known as Pu Shu), mashed, mixed with rice into powder, and sieved to get the powder essence. During processing, sugar and baking powder are added to the rice flour, and a proper amount of water is added, which is evenly stirred and fully fermented, and then it is placed in a ceramic peach-shaped tree seal or plum-shaped tree seal. Steam it in a steamer. The naked product after fragrance spraying is light green, and it becomes a tree with high quality, delicious taste and beautiful color. The custom of sweeping graves in Tomb-Sweeping Day is very popular in Chaoshan. Grave-sweeping is commonly called "hanging paper", also called "hanging spring paper", which is different from sweeping graves from winter solstice. People go to ancestral graves to fill graves, sweep away dust and weeds, and hang notes on tombstones and graves to hold sacrificial ceremonies. Many overseas Chinese also have the habit of going back to their hometowns to visit graves on Qingming Day to show that they do not forget their ancestors and homeland. Since ancient times, Tomb-Sweeping Day's grave sweeping is not only to commemorate his ancestors, but also to commemorate those who have made contributions and done good deeds in history. Go for an outing in Qingming Festival, spring returns to the earth, pink and willow green, and the grass grows in Fei Ying. People go out for an outing in small groups. This custom has been handed down from the early morning, so Tomb-Sweeping Day is also called an outing festival, and Chaoshan people also have activities on Qingming Day. Some places have cockfighting, kicking the ball, kicking the keys, swinging and flying kites, which is very interesting.

Afternoon festival

The fifth day of the fifth lunar month is the Dragon Boat Festival every year. Investigating the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival, it is generally believed that the fifth month of the lunar calendar is not called noon. On the other hand, there are three Fridays every month, namely the fifth, fifteenth and 25th. The fifth day is the first day, which is the first day of May. Because it is homophonic with noon, it is called the Dragon Boat Festival on May 5th. Since ancient times, although there have been different opinions on the name and origin of the Dragon Boat Festival, the fifth day of the fifth lunar month is a day when the patriotic poet Qu Yuan is unlucky and worried about the country and the people. He voted for the Miluo River to die. The earliest record that Qu Yuan said is: In "Continued Harmony" written by Wu Yun of Xiao Liang, he said: "People make zongzi with colored silk and neem leaves, which are Miluo's heritage". There is also a saying that after Qu Yuan was buried in the Miluo River on the fifth day of May, the people of Chu threw zongzi into the river in order to prevent Qu Yuan's body from being embezzled by fish and shrimp, which is still true today. Therefore, the world regards the Dragon Boat Festival as a day to commemorate Qu Yuan. There are all kinds of colorful local customs in Chaoshan Dragon Boat Festival. There is a famous poem of the influx of people during the Dragon Boat Festival: "Every family eliminates disasters and eats zongzi. I prefer dragon boat races, where drums and paddles bloom. " Poetry vividly tells the vivid scene of Chaoshan people celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival. On the Dragon Boat Festival, there are many custom activities, such as offering sacrifices to ancestors, steaming "gardenias", taking water from dragons in the morning, inserting mugwort branches at the door, picking green on the mountain, eating zongzi balls, making zongzi and racing dragon boats. Sacrifice ancestors first, steam "gardenia"-During the Dragon Boat Festival, the custom that thousands of families in Chaoshan love to cook gardenia dishes has been passed down from generation to generation. Exquisite processing and production, exquisite production methods, unique flavor of food, which is helpful for digestion and appetite. Gardenia is made of glutinous rice. In ancient times, glutinous rice was soaked and ground into powder by hand, and mashed gardenia (commonly known as branches or yellow branches) was added to soak the filter residue to become yellow liquid medicine, and then it was evenly mixed with ginger lye (ginger is a herbal medicine commonly known in Chaoshan, which was dried and calcined into carbon powder and then soaked in the filter residue to get liquid). Nowadays, due to the troublesome processing procedure, it is rare, so sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) is often added. Housewives like to cut it into small pieces with yarn, put it on a white porcelain plate, dip it in sugar and stick delicious food on it. It is sweet and refreshing, clearing throat and quenching thirst. Its color, fragrance and taste are all good, and it is deeply loved by hipsters. The ancient hipsters regarded May as an "evil month". At this time, Yin Qi sprouted, poisons flooded and epidemics prevailed. During the Dragon Boat Festival, the climate is hot, mosquitoes and flies breed, and diseases and evils attack people. In the era of lack of medicine and medicine, the ancients adopted the scientific processing method of "preparing food in season to prevent epidemics" to achieve the purpose of "preventing diseases in season", so it was called seasonal health food. Modern Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica records that Gardenia has the functions of clearing away heat and purging fire, relieving vexation and depression, relieving stomach heat, purging triple energizer fire, relieving seasonal heat, and removing heat and toxic wind. Chaoshan people eat gardenia in Duanyang, which clears away heat and helps digestion. It's wonderful. Nowadays, in Duanyang season, the stalls on the street of the market are also being processed to meet the market demand. Take water from the dragon in the morning-because it is said that May 5 is the birthday of the dragon, and the water sprayed from the faucet on this day can cure diseases. Therefore, on this morning, people go outside to fetch water from pits, ditches and streams, and put the water in their own tanks for the whole family to eat and drink, praying for peace for a year. In Chaoshan people, during the Dragon Boat Festival, a bundle of wormwood, calamus, pomegranate, garlic and dragon boat flowers tied with "red head rope" should be hung under the lintel, knocker and even eaves to form five kinds of "five remnants". In fact, the ancient hipsters took epidemic prevention and health care measures against the plague raging in the "bad moon" in order to drive away the plague and evil spirits. "Chenghai Old County Records" contains: "There are mugwort leaves on the Dragon Boat Festival door and pomegranate flowers (pages) on the hair to ward off evil spirits." Picking green on the mountain-because this day is the time for dragons to spray water on the grass on the earth, people pick some herbs on the mountain, such as asparagus, Ophiopogon japonicus, honeysuckle and wild grapes, which are more valuable than before. For others, it is also very meaningful to go up the mountain to pick green trees and breathe more fresh air from nature. Eating zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival-Chaoshan people, passed down from generation to generation, eating zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival is one of Qu Yuan's relics. Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica in the Ming Dynasty said: "The ancients wrapped millet with reed leaves and cooked it into a sharp corner, so it was called glutinous rice." Chaoshan people commonly call "Zongzi" as "Zongzi Ball". Zongzi ball is a kind of food made of mushrooms, peanuts, pork and sweet noodle sauce. It is both sweet and salty, and wrapped in bamboo leaves into a hexagonal fist-sized jiaozi. Eat Zongzi-there is a well-known local proverb called "Don't eat May Zongzi, never give an inch". Poqiu