Dongxiang people like to eat food and vegetables together, and every household has a small stone mill. Dongxiang people eat potatoes three times a day. Potatoes can be eaten as both vegetables and meals. Boil, burn, roast and fry, especially in winter and spring. Dongxiang people also like to make highland barley noodles and barley noodles into "pot collapse" or "Qiongguo steamed buns" as their staple food.
Dongxiang people are warm and hospitable, and it is the traditional etiquette of Dongxiang people to treat guests with chickens. Dongxiang people are very particular about eating chicken at banquets. Usually, they divide all the parts of chicken into 13 grades and eat the parts of corresponding grades according to their generations. 13, the tip of the chicken (the tail of the chicken) is the most noble, and generally only the owner and the elderly are eligible to enjoy it.
Dongxiang people make "stack sheep" meat, which is unique. Generally, whole sheep are cooked with clear water and then steamed in a pot. Killing sheep and eating wool is a form of improving the life of Dongxiang people. There is a local proverb that "the hair that comes first smells better than the meat that comes later". Dongxiang people are also good at making stack mutton into broth mutton, which is delicious and nutritious and suitable for all ages.
Dongxiang people like Ziyang tea and Maojian tea. Generally speaking, tea is essential for every meal. Most of them use bowls to make tea, and some people use small teapots. Bowl cover, also known as "three castles", consists of a tea cover, a tea bowl and a chassis seat. Dongxiang people live in Gansu Province in the northwest of China. /kloc-In the second half of the 4th century, it was composed of many different nationalities living in Dongxiang, mainly Muslims and Mongols.
Dongxiang people's daily diet is mostly wheat, highland barley, corn, beans, millet, buckwheat, flax and sweet potato. "Dongxiang potato" is full of water, sweet in sand and high in starch. Dongxiang people often regard potatoes as snacks, vinegar, vermicelli and other foods, which are deeply loved by the people.
Non-staple foods are fresh and mellow "stack sheep", cows, chickens, eggs, vegetables and fruits. They eat three meals a day, and the combination of various raw materials and cooking is a remarkable feature of their diet. For example, fried noodles with highland barley and thick soup cooked with flax; After the young ears of wheat are cooked, they are ground into "wheat rope" and mixed with stir-fried dishes, oil peppers and garlic paste; Mixing highland barley and beans, grinding, and mixing with acid water to make dough; Stir the flour into paste, add diced potatoes and acid water to make "scattered rice"; Mix the thick batter with leek, carrot, pickle, chopped green onion, pepper, garlic paste and acid water to make a "stirring ball"; "Radish porridge" is made of beef, sheep's head and hoof soup and various grains.
Dongxiang people's meals are also made of a single material, such as the "flat pot" after highland barley is fermented, the "Guo Qiong steamed bread" with hard dough cooked in Guo Qiong, the "bud flavor" of grinding germinated wheat and baking it into two layers of pancakes, and the millet flour is stirred into a paste with boiling water and cooked in Kangdong. Because many grains have to be crushed in advance, every family in Dongxiang has a small stone mill, which is quite beautiful.
In daily diet, Dongxiang people especially prefer potato products, which are almost inseparable from dinner. At present, I simmer in the ashes of the kang fire, sometimes roast it on the fire, sometimes fry it with shredded mutton, and sometimes cook it with highland barley noodles, sauerkraut and garlic paste. It's really endless.
Dongxiang people eat three meals a day, sitting cross-legged on the kang and eating around the kang table. Dongxiang people should respect the elderly when eating, and they should also respect the elderly when eating meat and drinking. Women usually eat at another table. When the guest arrives home, he must sit in the first position on the kang (the seat against the wall on the kang is the first position), and then bring a bowl of tea, bread, wheat straw, fried potatoes with peppers and so on.
Dongxiang people's custom of accompanying guests is also very distinctive, and male guests are hosted by male hosts. Generally, the male host adds tea to the guests at the edge of the kang, and he does not sit or eat himself. Women generally avoid it. Female guests are entertained by the hostess, who can sit down with the guests and have dinner together.
When entertaining guests, they have to stand aside and persuade them to eat and drink well again and again. This is called "hospitality". Dongxiang people have a unique custom when waiting for guests to eat chicken-polite chicken tips. "Chicken tip" refers to the tail bone of a chicken. After a chicken is stewed, it should be chopped into 13 pieces, that is, chicken tip (tail), crotch (two pieces), thigh (two pieces), spoon meat (two pieces), wishbone (three pieces), chicken wing (two pieces), chicken head and so on. Older people eat big pieces and younger people eat small pieces. Generally speaking, the tip of a chicken is the most valuable.
Guests who get the "chicken tip" respected by the host can't eat it immediately, but wait until everyone eats it to the end, and then pick it up and give it to people who think it is prestigious or peers. Generally speaking, it is a routine courtesy procedure for guests to give each other "chicken tips" at dinner, and no one can accept it casually. If the guest eats the "chicken tip", it means that he ate the chicken on the table on behalf of everyone, which means that he is the host and guest. Today's chicken was slaughtered for his visit, and I feel very honored and proud.
Dongxiang's meat products also have their own system. If you eat sheep, the whole sheep will be cooked in the pot; Viscera (locally called "hair") is chopped and put into a bowl, mixed with ginger rice, pepper, chopped green onion and fine salt, and steamed in a cage. When eating, the whole lamb is served after it is "fat", so there is a saying that "it is fat first and then fragrant". When the whole sheep, all parts (such as neck, ribs, front and rear legs, tail, etc. You should take your seats in turn so that everything on the table is available. The boiled mutton soup, with a little lean meat and various seasonings, is also "complete" when it is finally served.
The banquet of Dongxiang nationality is also very unique. Every festival will hold a "Gu Long Yi Jie Banquet", which means "eating pasta". The main foods are fried oil incense, sesame sauce (small steamed bread with oil flowers), crisp cakes (big twist), medium-sized bread (steamed bread with white flour of about 3 kilograms), lashiha (sliced with a knife), glutinous rice pot (fried cake with fructose, eggs and milk), buckwheat pancakes, bud flavor, rice noodle nests and so on. After the guests come, they all go to the kang, and the host is responsible for entertaining the guests and not accompanying them.
Before the opening ceremony, the venerable old man gave a eulogy, and everyone listened attentively, calling it "the end of the story"; Then we discussed over dinner and chatted in the mountains and seas. This is a "theory". The more the guests are interested in food and talk, the happier the host will be, which shows that the food is exquisite, the guests are satisfied and hospitable.
In their spare time, Dongxiang people often get along with a dozen people who have the habit of "tying", that is, except one person who is the owner and doesn't pay, others buy a sheep and go to the owner to cook and eat. In the future, each family will take turns to be the host. If the owner takes out an autotrophic sheep, it will be converted into money and shared by all. When cooking, the host should prepare fragrant oil, steamed bread and covered tea (Babao tea, Ziyang tea and Maojian tea) respectively, and divide the mutton into six pieces: chest, back, ribs, front legs, hind legs and tail, one for each person; Chopped mutton offal and neck meat are made into soup, which is also a big bowl for everyone, and everyone can take home endless food. Besides a piece of meat and a bowl of soup, the owner got sheepskin.
When eating, everyone "talks" happily while eating. No matter how long it takes, the host will entertain him to the end. This kind of party banquet shows Dongxiang farmers' psychology of seeking friendship and support, and their desire for equal cooperation and good neighborliness.
Dongxiang people like drinking green tea. Ordinary people can't live without tea for every meal. Most of them make tea in bowls, and some people like to make tea in small teapots. When there is a shortage of tea, people will also take some local hay as tea. Dongxiang people call drinking tea at ordinary times "scraping bowls", which means chatting besides drinking tea.
The dietary taboos of Dongxiang nationality are basically the same as those of other nationalities who believe in Islam. The outstanding point is to pay attention to etiquette. If there are visitors, the host should lead the whole family out to meet them. Tea and food must be served with both hands; Old people must live on the kang, old people can't eat, and younger people can't move chopsticks; Daughter-in-law must bow in and out when delivering meals; The younger generation can't smoke in front of the old people, let alone drink in front of their own old people.
Special diet
"Maisuo" is a kind of food with Dongxiang flavor. After picking immature highland barley or barley and steaming it, it is ground into a chopstick-head-sized column with a small stone mill and eaten with garlic and Chili noodles. It is a precious food for Dongxiang people to entertain guests. Sometimes you hold guests such as sesame oil, mutton and chicken in your hand.
"Radish porridge" is a special and delicious meat porridge, similar to the meat and oily rice that Hui people like to eat. Its practice is to add wheat, highland barley, broad beans, lentils, corn and shredded pork to the broth and boil it into a paste. Delicious and delicious. If it is soaked in oil, it is the first-class food of Dongxiang people.