1. Exogenous cold

Fingers stimulated by cold are also prone to tenosynovitis, blood circulation stagnation, blood stasis and pain, which leads to tenosynovitis. This is a common cause of tenosynovitis.

2. Loss of liver and kidney, deficiency of qi and blood

It is also the cause of common tenosynovitis. With the increase of age, the essence of liver and kidney declines, the qi and blood are insufficient, the muscles around fingers are nourished by qi and blood, the flexor tendon degenerates, the secretion function of synovial sheath decreases, and slight external stimulation can lead to local tenosynovitis inflammation.

Accumulated pressure

Finger overwork, frequent flexion and extension, muscle injury, toe flexor tendon repeatedly rubbed and squeezed in the bone fiber tube; Or holding hard objects for a long time, the bone fiber tube is squeezed by hard objects and metacarpal bones, resulting in local congestion and edema of the bone fiber tube. This is a common cause of tenosynovitis.

Tendon sheath is a double-layer sleeve-like closed sliding membrane tube covering tendon, which is the synovial sheath for protecting tendon. It is wrapped around the tendon in two layers, and a cavity between the two layers is synovial cavity, which contains synovial fluid of tendon sheath. The inner layer is closely attached to the tendon, and the outer layer is lined in the tendon fiber sheath and combined with the bone surface, which has the functions of fixing, protecting and lubricating the tendon from friction or oppression. Excessive friction of tendon here for a long time will cause traumatic inflammation of tendon and tendon sheath, causing swelling, which is called tenosynovitis. If left untreated, it may develop into permanent mobility difficulties.

Cause of disease

1. Stenosing tenosynovitis of styloid process of radius

Abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis pass through the first fibrous sheath on the dorsal side of wrist. After passing through the narrow sheath, the two tendons form a certain angle with the sheath and stop at the base of the first metacarpal bone of the thumb and the base of the proximal phalanx respectively. When the range of motion of wrist and thumb is large, the bending angle of tendon increases. With the passage of time, local synovial inflammation and thickening, tendon thickening, fibrous sheath wall thickening, subcutaneous hard nodules appear at the styloid process of radius, which makes the tendon difficult to slide in the sheath, causing pain and other symptoms. Due to the endocrine changes of lactating and menopausal women, synovial involvement is easy to cause this disease, which is also the main reason why this disease is more common in women. In addition to the above reasons, according to our surgical observation and foreign literature reports, there are many anatomical variations that are easy to cause this disease. For example, the greater omentum of palmaris longus or extensor pollicis brevis is too low, and part of the greater omentum also enters the sheath; There are many vagal tendons in the sheath, which significantly increases the number of tendons, some as many as ten. There is also a hard, thick and tough fibrous membrane in the first sheath of wrist dorsal, which makes the originally spacious sheath narrower and the tendon is easy to incarcerate. These anatomical variations make the onset age of patients younger, and conservative treatment is difficult to work.

2. Myositis

The radial proximal wrist of dorsal carpal ligament is lengthened, and the short muscle is located in the deep side. On the superficial side, extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus pass through at a certain angle. When muscles are overactive, muscles, tendons and their surrounding fascia and peritendinous tissues are congested and edematous. Synovial fiber exudation increased, and symptoms such as local redness and pain appeared.