Chinese examination questions and answers for junior high school graduates in Yichang City, Hubei Province in p>2111

(This paper has 35 small questions, with a full score of 121, and the examination time of 151 minutes)

Chinese characters (11 points)

1. On the horizontal lines of the following sentences, add some words or write Chinese characters according to pinyin. (2 points)

① Classics are a kind of spirit, carrying a 5,111-year-old ancient style and flying in the splendor. (selected from Classic China by Liu Hanjun)

② The days that have passed in a blink of an eye are also days full of Xi's thoughts. (selected from Wang Meng's Long Live Youth)

2. Below is a drug advertisement of CCTV, which is clever and meaningful. Please talk about the different meanings of the two dotted words respectively. (2 points)

The medicinal materials ① are good, but the medicines ② are good.

3. Please fill in an appropriate word in the box below and explain the meaning of this word. (2 points)

① Menluo means: ② Fame means:

4. Chinese characters have a powerful function of word formation, and different word order combinations often express different meanings. The following new poems create meaningful and implicit artistic conception by using this function of Chinese characters. Please imitate the word formation characteristics of several pairs of words with dots in the poem, and select two groups of similar words to fill in the blanks below. (2 points)

I regret some words/such as youth or teenager/and I hide behind another word/and I feel ashamed/aware and aware/but I prefer bees to honey. -Nash's Bees

① and ② and

5. In recent years, the selection of "Chinese characters of the year" has become a hot topic in the East Asian "Chinese character cultural circle". For example, the annual Chinese character in Japan in 2118 is "change" and the annual Chinese character in 2119 is "new", both of which reflect the characteristics of political evolution in Japan in the past two years, with high generalization and strong symbolism; In 2118, China was elected as the Chinese character of the year "Lei", and in 2119, there were many supporters of the word "Bei". These two characters have distinct characteristics of China's network culture, which to some extent reflect the current public sentiment and public opinion. Please choose a "Chinese character of the year" for China this year according to your understanding of current events, and briefly explain the reasons for your selection. (2 points)

Chinese characters of the year: reasons for selection:

Reading (61 points)

1. Appreciating the fragrance of ancient sages' poems (16 points)

[ A poem ]

Jiang Lou Xi Wang Zhao Ke

◆ Bai Juyi

The sea and the sky are boundless in the east, and the mountains and rivers are wide and long. The city lights up in the four weeks, a milky way into the center of water.

the wind blows the ancient trees in sunny days and rains ①, and the moon shines on the flat sand and the frost in summer nights. Can you go to the river to relieve the heat? It is more refreshing than your hut.

note ① sunny rain: the wind blows ancient trees and rustles like rain, but the sky is clear, so it is called "sunny rain".

[ b ]

the story of baizhang mountain ①

◆ Zhu Xi

left the mountain gate and went east, ten paces, and got the stone platform. When you get down to the steep shore, you are in danger. Looking southeast from the thin forest, I saw the waterfall rushing out from the front rock cave and dropping dozens of feet. Its foam is as dazzling as a scattered bead spray sunlight candle. Taiwan is lacking in the south of Shanxi, and Lushan is in front of it, and one peak stands out; And hundreds of miles between the peaks, but also vividly in the eye. The sun is setting, the corner of the sun is shining, and the purple and green overlap, which is countless. When you look down, white clouds are full of Sichuan, such as sea waves; And those who come out of the mountains far and near, if they fly and float, they will change in an instant. Taitung trail is broken, and those who are afraid of danger may not dare to go out. However, if the mountain is considerable, it will be poor.

note ① baizhang mountain: it is at the junction of the northeast of Jianyang city and Wuyishan city in Fujian province, with an altitude of 691 meters.

② gushing: the water is ejected from the same source.

6. What processes did the time sequence of the author's viewing in [A poem] go through? Please select the relevant words in the poem and fill in the blanks in the answer. (2 points)

7. Please tell me what the meaning of "summer night frost" is according to the annotation of "sunny rain" in [A poem] and the related poem hints. (2 points)

8. Please explain the meaning of adding words in [A poem] and [B text] in combination with the classical Chinese you have learned. (2 points)

If () or ()

9. Looking at [A poem], some people think that the word "Wang" dominates the whole article, while others think that the word "Xi" dominates the whole article. Which view do you agree with? Please briefly explain the reasons. (2 points)

11. Read through [article B] and tell me where the author stands on the view. With the foothold as the center, what directions did the author write? (2 points)

11. Please use the "/"line to break the sentence accurately. (2 points)

Its foam is as dazzling as a spray of scattered beads, which can't be faced squarely

12. (2 points)

Taitung trail is broken, and those who are afraid of danger may not dare to go out. However, if the mountain is considerable, it will be poor.

13. Accumulate links: Please write down the necklaces of Bai Juyi's Spring Trip to Qiantang Lake. (2 points)

Second, taste the art of garden architecture (12 points)

The aesthetic feeling of garden architecture

◆ Zong Baihua

① The artistic treatment of garden architecture is the art of dealing with space.

② The gardens in China are very developed. Next to the three halls of the Forbidden City in Beijing, there are three seas, and there are Yuanmingyuan and Summer Palace in the suburbs, which are the gardens of the emperor. Folk old houses always have patios and yards, which can also be regarded as a small garden.

(3) In Song Dynasty, Guo Xi talked about landscape painting, saying that "the landscape is feasible, hopeful, tourable and habitable". Feasible, hopeful, tourable and habitable are also the basic ideas of garden art. There are also buildings in the garden. It is necessary to be able to live and rest, but it is not just for living, it must also be swimable, feasible and hopeful. "Hope" is the most important. All art is "hope" and appreciation. Not only "swimming" can play the role of "looking" (the promenade of the Summer Palace not only guides us to "swim", but also guides us to "look"), that is, "living" and "looking" as well. The window is not only for air, but also for looking out to a new realm, so that we can get a beautiful feeling.

④ windows play an important role in the art of garden architecture. With windows, communication takes place inside and outside. Bamboo or green hills outside the window, looking through the window frame, is a painting. There are windows on almost four sides of Le Shou Tang in the Summer Palace, and there are many small windows on the surrounding powder wall, facing the lake view, and each window is equal to a small painting. And the same window, from different angles, the scenery is different. In this way, the realm of painting is infinitely increased.

⑤ People in the Ming Dynasty have a poem that can help us to understand the aesthetic function of windows: a few times on the piano, and a few times on the bamboo window. The curtain door is silent, and the spring breeze blows in.

⑥ This small room is isolated from the outside, but it is connected with the outside through the window. No one showed up, highlighting the beauty of this small room. This poem is like a still life painting, which can be appreciated as a still life painting of several apples painted by Cezanne.

⑦ Not only corridors and windows, but also all buildings, platforms, pavilions and pavilions are for "looking", in order to gain and enrich the feeling of space beauty.

⑧ There is a plaque in the Summer Palace called "the first floor of the mountain, lake and light". That is to say, this building absorbs the scenery of a large space. This is the meaning of Su Shi's poem "It depends on high-rise buildings to gather far away, and clean up and idle people for a while". There is also a pavilion in the Summer Palace called "Traveling in a pictorial world". "Traveling in a pictorial world", and said that the pavilion itself is a painting, and said that the big space outside the pavilion is like a big painting. When you enter the pavilion, you will enter this big painting. Therefore, the Ming Dynasty Ji Cheng said in "Yuanye": "There is a porch in Gao Shuang, and the windows are adjacent to each other. Wang Yang, which is a thousand hectares, is brilliant. "

pet-name ruby Generally speaking, the spatial beauty of China's garden buildings should be as Shen Fu said: "The large and medium see the small, the small see the big, the virtual is real, the real is virtual, or hidden or exposed, or shallow or deep ..." This is also the characteristic of China's general art.

14. In the author's opinion, the landscape architecture in China should not only follow the ideas, but also meet the requirements. (2 points) < P > 15. Read paragraph ③ of the article. Please say in short words what two functions do the windows in China garden buildings have? (2 points)

16. What role does paragraph ⑦ play in the structure of the full text? (2 points) < P > 17. According to the relevant knowledge provided in this article, tell me why the patio and yard of the old folk house can also be regarded as a small garden. (3 marks)

18. Please fill in a set of corresponding related words at the horizontal line of paragraph 8 of the article. (1)

19. Accumulate links: In primary school, we once learned a poem "Jueju" by Du Fu, in which two poems describe the aesthetic effect of doors and windows. Please write the relevant poems silently. (2 points)

Third, feel the character of China's great scholars (13 points)

The last great scholar in China

◆ Li Xinglian

① China has had such a group of people who can really be called literati since ancient times. Whether in troubled times or prosperous times, whether in a temple or in a thatched cottage, they dipped their pens in blood and tears, stood tall and proud, and kept their humanistic ideals intact, forming a long scroll that stirred up magnificence. In contemporary times, Liang Shuming is called "the last great scholar in China". His self-confidence, his fearlessness, his sincerity and his pride are also in the same strain as the ancient literati.

② In the early years of the Republic of China, Liang Shuming graduated from Shuntian Middle School in Beijing and applied for Peking University, but he didn't take it. He went home and said angrily, "I must be good enough to ask Peking University to ask me to be a professor in the future!" " In 1918, Cai Yuanpei really invited him to be a professor in the philosophy department of Peking University. Who doesn't admire his confidence!

(3) During the Anti-Japanese War, Liang Shuming ran a school in Chongqing, which was against the "government". Shen Zui took spies into the school to investigate him. Liang Shuming, on the other hand, was in awe. "This is a small scolding, which is good for you and the anti-Japanese war. If you still don't repent, I will swear again in the future." The noble spirit makes spies afraid of three points!

④ In 1971, Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference authorities studied and discussed the new Draft Constitution, and Liang Shuming made the last speech. He said "two sentences": "First, as far as I know, the modern constitution was first produced in Europe, and one of its initial starting points was to limit the royal power. In other words, the constitution was created to limit the individual's too much power. With a constitution, everyone from the head of state to ordinary citizens must abide by it, and no one can be placed above the constitution. It is really inappropriate to write a person's name in the preface of the current Constitution ... Here I declare that I am not in favor of writing a person's name, including the name of the successor, into the Constitution ... Second, I compared the first constitution of new China with today's Constitution and found that the provisions were much less. The lack of provisions is not necessarily bad, but some important contents are missing, which makes me wait very long. For example, if president is not written, a country's head of state cannot live without it. It's one thing to set up president, but it's another to choose who is suitable for president. The current' Constitution Grass' has no such thing as president. Such a' Constitution Grass' really ignores the national unity and the political system! " This theory makes the four seats astounding, the silence is awe-inspiring and the air is stagnant!

⑤ Liang Shuming also wrote a poem to satirize a "cultural celebrity": "When light and heavy makeup were fashionable, the two dynasties met with grace. I used to recruit people to the front seat, and I saw eulogies and oral words. If you can copy Oracle bones in ancient times, why bother to pay attention to Mao poems today? The suffering of the people is clearly there, and I live up to my husband. "

⑥ Being in troubled times and adversity, but always taking the morality of the world as your responsibility, taking your conscience as your responsibility, you are upright and unyielding, which is enough to shock today! Without Liang Shuming, the 21th century in China would be so pale!

⑦ Liang Shuming is short and ugly, but who can say that he is not a cultural giant and a great husband in China?

21. As "the last great scholar in China", what are the main aspects of Mr. Liang Shuming's personality charm? (2 points)

21. Please summarize Mr. Liang Shuming's speech at the seminar on the study of the Draft Constitution in 1971 into two simple sentences (each sentence does not exceed 11 words) according to the following sentence patterns. (2 points)

One is to oppose

and the other is to advocate

22. Please explain the meaning of the two added words in paragraph (4) respectively. (2 points)

"Xian Cao": "Cao Xian":

23. Please use an appropriate idiom to summarize the low personality of this "cultural celebrity" satirized by Liang Shuming. (2 points)

24. Please combine the relevant historical background and Liang Shuming's spiritual style to explain why "the 21th century in China would be so pale without Liang Shuming!" ? (3 points)

25. Accumulate links: Liang Shuming's personality charm can naturally be associated with two sentences in Zhou Dunyi's "Ailian Shuo". (2 points) Give love to Lian Zhi alone.

Fourth, appreciate the harmony of landscape culture (11 points)

China people's view of landscape

◆ Roland

① China people's view of landscape is different from that of westerners. China people travel around with a pure appreciation attitude, while westerners hold the "ambition" of conquest.

(2) In the past, when people in China talked about traveling to mountains, they never saw anyone say that he "conquered" a certain frozen mountain and was proud of it. People in China visit the mountain to appreciate its profound, elusive, unattainable and unfathomable implicit beauty, so it is called "exploring the deep and remote". Both "seeking" and "exploring" mean a kind of cautious admiration. Poets in the Tang Dynasty often used mountains to create landscapes to express their Zen thoughts and love for nature. Therefore, the mountains they wrote are the seclusion of "but toward which corner of the mountain, how can I tell, through all these clouds?" and the seclusion of "but in fallen leaves that have heaped the bare slopes, how should I ever find his footprints!". Therefore, China people's sightseeing in the mountains is purely spiritual happiness and liberation, and there is no trace of hostility to "conquer" and then quickly.

(3) China people's attitude towards water is also different from that of westerners. I often think that people in China are born Taoists, and the concrete symbol of Taoist philosophy is "water". From Laozi's "water is good for everything, and water is good for everything" to Zhuangzi's "Autumn Water", Hebo and Poseidon are used to compare the small and big knowledge, and then to "Fisherman", which symbolizes a kind of detachment that disdains secular ceremonies. All of them use "water" to create a vast and broad ideological realm for people, and then show their personal smallness. Therefore, the "play" of China people's sightseeing is a "play" of "pondering" rather than intervening in it.