●Shui Diao Ge Tou ①

Xin Qiji

In the seventh month, Zhao Changfu used Dongpo rhyme to describe Taibai and Dongpo. Praise and borrowing, and there is a promise of autumn water. On August 14th, I was lying sick in Boshan Temple. Because I used rhyme to express my gratitude, I also sent it to Wu Zisi.

My ambition is vast, and I have dreamed of reaching the sky in the past. Touching Su Yue, the world has been admiring it for thousands of years. There is a guest, a luan and a phoenix, the clouds meet the green mountains and red cliffs, and we meet to go up to the high cold. Drinking wine to support Beidou, I also have lice in the meantime④.

Shaoge ⑤ said: "The spirit is very relaxed, but the form is sleeping. The swan is raised again and again, and the sky and the earth can see the surrounding area." I want to sing again and sleep, but I push my pillow and think alone: ??Is everything wrong? There is a beauty to talk about, and the autumn water separates the beauty.

Note ① Written when he was impeached and removed from office and lived in Qianshan. ②The past: last night. ③ Qingshan Chibi: refers to Li Bai and Su Shi. ④Lice: a metaphor for one's insignificance and lack of talent. ⑤Shaoge: Short song. ⑥Beauty: bosom friend, refers to Zhao Changfu and Wu Zisi.

19. This word is full of romantic characteristics. Please appreciate this artistic feature in conjunction with Shangque. (4 points)

20. What kind of emotions does the author embody in Xiaque? Please give a brief analysis. (4 points)

Reference answer:

(2) (8 points)

19. The upper column depicts the protagonist in the dream touching the moon and having sex with Li Bai Scenes such as Su Shi having a drink and guests driving Luan and Phoenix as chariots. It is rich in imagination, exaggerated and bold, expresses its ideals in a dreamy form, is filled with heroic passion, and has strong romantic characteristics.

(4 points. Combined with the analysis of the poem, the meaning is consistent)

20. Xia Que writes that the protagonist is in a state of spiritual sleep, still longing to fight like a swan in the sky and lift it high again and again; after waking up from the dream, he returns to reality, feeling lost and melancholy. It expresses the author's anguish of having no enthusiasm for serving the country but not being recognized for his talent; his annoyance of having no one to tell his worries and his longing for his friends. (4 points. Combined with the analysis of the poem, the meaning is consistent)

Appreciation

In the fifth year of Shaoxi reign of Emperor Guangzong of the Southern Song Dynasty (1194), Xin Qiji was impeached from his post as Fuzhou magistrate and Fujian pacification envoy. After being dismissed from office, he returned to his new residence in Laoquan, Qianshan, Jiangxi, and began a life of leisure again for eight years. This poem was written while living in Laoquan. It can be seen from the small preface before the poem that he wrote this poem to express his gratitude to Zhao Changfu (Fan) and to send it to Wu Zisi (Shaogu). Wu Zisi served as the captain of Qianshan County during this period.

Xin Qiji, who lived idle in the countryside, had no way to serve the country due to being squeezed out by traitorous ministers in the court, and it was difficult to develop his ambitions. He was resentful and resentful. He often expressed his love for mountains and rivers and asked for poetry and wine. However, deep in his heart, The idea of ??actively using the world still dominates. Although he was far away from the world, he still cared about the country and the people, hoping to be reused so that he could use his talents to realize his ideal of regaining lost territory and reunifying the country. From his lyrics of "Shui Tiao Ge Tou", we can see the contradictory situation between his ideal and reality.

This word is mainly used to describe dreams. The sentence "My ambition is vast" is straightforward and expresses the poet's lofty aspirations and magnanimity, and summarizes the gist of the whole poem. In order to have broad ambitions, it is natural to "dream to reach the sky". The sentence "I dreamed of reaching the sky in the past" borrows the meaning of "I dreamed of reaching the sky in the past" in Qu Yuan's "Nine Chapters: Cherishing". He felt that it was difficult to display his talents in reality, so he wanted to go to the vast universe to find his ideal realm. The two sentences "My ambition is vast, and I have dreamed of reaching the sky in the past" are the backbone of the whole poem. "Mossing Su Yue, the world has been admiring it for thousands of years." The poet flew up to the sky in his dream, and first came to the Moon Palace to enjoy the bright moon. Here he caressed the white moon and was intoxicated in the magical and blurred illusion. Unknowingly, a thousand years have passed in this world. Then, "There are guests, the Luan and the Phoenix, the clouds meet the red cliff of the spring mountain, and we meet in the high cold." Several sentences describe the dream of the author and the sages going to the heavenly palace together. "Youke" refers to the author's friend Zhao Changfu. It can be seen from the word order that Zhao Changfu once wrote a poem "narrating events in Taibai and Dongpo" using the rhyme of Su Shi's "Shui Diao Ge Tou" (When Will the Bright Moon Come) and sent it to the author, and greatly praised the author in the poem. This poem was written to thank Zhao Chang's father, so naturally there should be words of repayment. Zhao Changfu was a native of Yushan, Jiangxi, not far from Qianshan. He was a good friend of the poet when he lived in Laoquan. He lives in the temple, does not seek official career, drinks wine and writes poems, and has an extraordinary bearing. The world thinks he has the style of Tao Jingjie. Here, the author praises him with the words "銖鸾同风", which means that he is of high moral character and should become an immortal. Qingshan and Chibi here refer to Li Bai and Su Shi, because Li Bai's tomb is in the northwest of Qingshan in Dangtu. Su Shi once visited Chibi and wrote "Chibi Ode". Zhao Chang's father flew up on the Luan Fengxia and met the sages Li Taibai and Su Dongpo among the colorful clouds, so they made an appointment with the author to travel to the Heavenly Palace. The author here praises Zhao Changfu, Li Bai and Su Shi as the "Three Wise Men". The author also means to be self-effacing when he writes this way. The next sentence "I am also a louse among them" directly expresses this meaning, which means: When you and the sages had a high meeting, I was just in the middle of it. In real life, the poet feels that it is difficult to find like-minded friends in real life, and he is unwilling to join forces with the capitulating bureaucrats, so he has no choice but to go to his dream to meet his ideal character. Here, the author puts himself and his friends, ancient sages, in the cold and vast sky, using the Beidou as a wine cup to drink the heavenly wine, which fully expresses his bold side.

The next part of the poem continues to describe the dream.

The poet is swimming in space carefree in his dream, his heart is full of passion, and he can't help but sing softly. "The spirit is very relaxed, but the body is sleeping", literally means that although the body is quiet and inactive, as if sleeping, the spirit is still unrestrained and broad-minded. This is the author's confession of actively using the world in his leisure life. After he was forced to live idle again, he seemed quiet and relaxed on the surface, but he never forgot his ambition to serve the country. "When the swan is lifted high again and again, the sky and the earth can be seen in a circle." This is a paraphrase of Jia Yi's "Cherishing the Oath", "When the yellow swan is lifted up, it knows the twists and turns of the mountains and rivers, and when it is raised again, it is possible to see the circle of the sky and the earth." Compare yourself to a swan that fights in the sky and is lifted high again and again to express your pride and ambition. Then, the poet returns from the dream to reality. The poet can run freely in the dream, but once he wakes up from the dream and returns to real life, the situation is completely different. This can't help but make him feel sad and raise questions: Why are there so many unsatisfactory things in the world? The word "deficit" here uses the waxing and waning of the moon as a metaphor for the joys and sorrows of the world. It mainly talks about the aspect of "deficiency". Here, the poet contrasts dreams with "dream sleep" to reveal the contradiction between his lofty ambitions and social reality. This question expresses dissatisfaction with reality and expresses the emotion that personnel are in trouble. This question is also a strong protest made by a veteran with great talents and rich knowledge about his talent being ignored and his failure to serve the country.

The conclusion of the poem, "There is a beauty to talk about, and the autumn water separates the beauty" feels a bit sudden. The previous words were all about the dream and the melancholy after waking up from the dream, but the conclusion is full of words, showing the regret of "the beauty is separated by the autumn water" (Du Fu's "Admonishment to Han"). But if you think about it for a moment, it is not difficult for readers to understand that this is an impression based on the previous layers of meaning. The "beauty" here refers to his good friend Wu Zisi. On the surface, this sentence seems to be just a longing for Wu Zi, but in fact it mainly expresses the depressed mood of "Who knows Jiaxuan's heart" ("Shuilongyin. Another mention of Laoquan").

This poem has obvious romantic characteristics in its artistic characteristics. Idealism is an important feature of romanticism in terms of ideological content, and expressing its ideals in the form of dreams is the traditional creative method of romanticism. Xin Qiji successfully used this traditional technique to perfectly reflect his lofty ideals in this poem. It has ups and downs, suddenly in the sky, suddenly in the world, galloping and unrestrained, full of heroic passion.

It is full of magnificent and rich imagination, bold and shocking exaggeration. Famous sentences such as "Mossing the moon", "Joining the phoenix", "Drinking wine to support the Beidou", "The sky and the earth can see the square", all radiate The colorful beauty shows a dazzling romantic color.