The Great Wall (1) was built by Qin in 7 AD (408 BC) to defend Wei. From the foot of Huashan Mountain to the east of Huayin County, Shaanxi Province, it crosses Weihe River in the north, mainly along the west bank of Beiluo River to the foot of Huanglong Mountain in Baishui County. But today, only a small rammed earth wall to the east of Huayin Temple was found.

(2) The Great Wall in Shang Jun was built in the middle reaches of Beiluo River by the Empress in the first year of Yuan Dynasty (324 BC) to defend Zhao. At present, there is a 750-meter-long rammed earth site in Jianjun Terrace, 2 kilometers southwest of Fuping County, Shaanxi Province.

(3) The Great Wall of Shangjun in Longxi and Beidi was built by Zhao Xiang, the king of Qin, to resist the Huns. It started in Min County, Gansu Province, extended along Taohe River, passed Lintao, Guyuan and Huanxian in Ningxia, and reached Zhidan and Ansai in Shaanxi Province. One reaches Yulin in Suide, the other reaches Yulin and Shenmu in Jingbian, and reaches the Yellow River near Shiliancheng in Tuoketuo County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. So far, some rammed earth walls have been found in Lintao, Weiyuan, Huanxian and Huachi counties in Gansu, Guyuan in Ningxia, Dingbian and Wuqi counties in Shaanxi, and the junction of Zhungeer Banner and Yijinhuoluo Banner in Inner Mongolia.

(4) The North Great Wall was built after Zhao Qihao's Wuling broke through Lin Hu and Loufan. It started from the east (now Yuxian County, Hebei Province) and passed through Yanbei to Gaoque at the southern foot of Bangyin Mountain in Inner Mongolia (now Shi Lan Langshan Jishankou and the northern bank of Wujiahe in Hangjinhou Banner). Today, a huge stone wall was found in Haibei, Huangqi, Chahar Qianqi, Inner Mongolia. In the northern suburb of Hohhot, the Great Wall was built on the land at the southern foot of Yinshan Mountain, which extended to Baotou.

(5) Yannan Great Wall, starting from the then Great Wall Gate in the southwest of Yixian County, Hebei Province, starts from Yishui in the north and extends southeast along Yishui and Daqing River in the south. Today, a rammed earth site with a width of 4-6 meters and a height of 2-4 meters was found along the waterfall in the east of Anxin County at the foot of the West Taihang Mountain in xushui county. That is the dividing line between Yan and Zhongshan.

(6) Yanbei Great Wall, built to protect East Lake in Yan Zhaowang. Its western end was found in Bianqiang Village, Weichang County, Hebei Province. Between the west of Erdaobian and the four counties of Fengning, Guyuan, Zhangbei and Chicheng in the southwest, it may also be the North Great Wall of Yan State. To the east, in the south of Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, the Great Wall site was discovered, starting from Wanzi Village, Gyangze, Harqin Banner, passing through Chifeng County and Jianping County, and reaching Zidong Mountain, Wang Jiaying, Aohan Banner. The site has been built for more than 300 kilometers. Some are made of stone, generally 2~3 meters wide; Have a plenty of rammed earth; Some were built on hillsides, others on mountains. Others are made of natural steep walls and stones.

Brief report on excavation of Weixi Great Wall

In the 19th year of Wei Huiwang (352 BC), the West Great Wall, which was built to defend the State of Qin, started from the southern foot of Huashan in the west, reached Huayin County in Shaanxi Province in the west, crossed Weihe River in the north, along the east bank of Luohe River, and passed through Dali, Chengcheng and Heyang to the bank of the Yellow River in Hancheng. There are 12 ground sites in Huayin, and a section of Danglao site in the southwest of the county is 18 meters away from the ground. Through small-scale excavation and anatomy, it can be seen that Hongya Village in the southwest of the county and Xiguanbao in the west are rammed earth walls built directly from raw soil, with a base width of12 ~18m and a slightly narrower upper part. The rammed layer is 5 ~13cm thick and has a circular rammed nest. First build the middle part, and then widen the two sides. It was built in three times and has a great eye. It can be seen that, like many ancient city walls of the Warring States period, it is also made of plates.

2. Pictures of Yanbei Great Wall Site

China is in the north of China, starting from Shanhaiguan in Hebei Province in Bohai Bay in the east and Jiayuguan in Gansu Province in the inland area in the west.

The Great Wall of Wan Li, also known as the Great Wall of Wan Li, is an ancient military defense project in China. This is a tall, solid and continuous long wall to prevent the enemy from riding horses. The Great Wall is not an isolated city wall, but a defense system with the city wall as the main body and a large number of cities, barriers, pavilions and landmarks.

Resources of

The history of building the Great Wall with Beijing as the core can be traced back to the Yan State of Beijing in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. After the demise of the Shang Dynasty, the son of Zhao Gongying, the imperial clan of the Western Zhou Dynasty, was enfeoffed to the remote and cold Beijing Plain at that time, and Yan State was established in the northern part of the Zhou Dynasty as a screen family to resist the attacks of the ancient Shang Dynasty in Northeast China and the Shanrong tribe with the same surname.

However, due to its remote location, there were not many historical records about Yan State until the Spring and Autumn Period. We don't know whether the Yan State built beacon towers or side walls on Yanshan Mountain as a defense during this period.

By the early Warring States period, Yan had developed into a powerful country, ranking first among the seven chivalrous men. Now, Yan has reached its peak. During this period, Yan recruited people to build the Great Wall in Yanbei.

The Yan Great Wall starts to build Yang from the west. One theory is that it is in the north of Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province today, crossing the border between northern Hebei and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region eastward, extending to Xiangping, which is now Liaoyang, Liaoning Province, and then crossing the Yalu River eastward to reach the democratic people today and Qingchuan River in South Korea. The Great Wall is far beyond the Yanshan Mountains.

3. Beijing Yan Great Wall Site

The earliest Qin Changcheng has a history of more than two thousand years, and the latest Ming Great Wall has a history of four or five hundred years.

1. In the twenty-sixth year of the first emperor of Qin Changcheng (22 1 year), Qin annexed six countries, unified the world, and established the first unified multi-ethnic centralized country in the history of China.

In order to maintain and consolidate the unprecedented unity and security of the Great Empire, Qin Shihuang successively adopted a series of important national defense construction and border defense strategic measures, one of which was the large-scale construction of the Great Wall of Wan Li. In the thirty-second year of Qin Shihuang (2 15), General Meng Tian led 300,000 troops to attack the Huns in the north and took Henan directly. Then the Great Wall was built, starting from Lintao (now Shanni County, Gansu Province) in the west and winding for more than 10,000 miles in the east (now Liaoning Province). Since Qin Shihuang built the Great Wall, it has been called the Great Wall of Wan Li.

Two. The Great Wall of Han Dynasty In the early Han Dynasty, Huns took advantage of the war in China to climb the Great Wall built by Meng Tian, a general of Qin State, and confronted the Great Wall of Qin, Zhao and Yan during the Warring States Period.

Due to the disrepair of the Great Wall, there were almost no defenders in the north, and the powerful Xiongnu continued to plunder the Great Wall. However, such a dilapidated Great Wall also played a role in military defense to a certain extent.

I didn't know he was a famous soldier stationed on the Great Wall. He strictly manages the army. As long as he is guarding the Huns, he won't. I dare not invade.

Later, Wei Qing, Huo Qubing, GongSunHe, Gong Sun Ao and others attacked Xiongnu, taking Qin and Zhao Great Wall as the main offensive and defensive bases.

Three. For a long time, there was no Great Wall in the Tang Dynasty, but it was built in the Tang Dynasty. However, in the traditional sense, the Great Wall was built to unify the war.

755-79000: There is Maling Great Wall 80 miles southeast of Taigu County, Shanxi Province, which is 300 miles from Pingcheng to Lukou. It was abandoned during the Zhenguan period.

The site of the Great Wall of Tang Dynasty goes from Malingguan to Guanguan (that is, west of Guanguan Village, now Shecheng Town), from Guanguan to Shiyuan Village in Yushe County, to Huanghuagou, to Shi Hui Village, Pipayao Village and Jiaohongmiao Village, and finally to Yicheng, heshun county.

Four. Ming Great Wall Ming Great Wall is a military defense project built in the north of Ming Dynasty, also known as the side wall, which is different from the Great Wall of Wan Li built by Qin Shihuang. In addition to the Ming Great Wall, the Great Wall and the Great Wall within the three passes were built.

The interior wall based on the Northern Qi Dynasty starts from the west of Pianguan at the junction of Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi, passes through Yanmenguan and Xingpingmen to Hebei in the east, and then passes through the northeast.

The history of building the Great Wall can be traced back to the Western Zhou Dynasty. The famous warlord in the allusion war originated from Haojiang (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi).

During the Spring and Autumn Period, countries competed for hegemony and defended each other, and the construction of the Great Wall entered its first climax, but the construction length at this time was relatively short.

After Qin destroyed the six countries and unified the world, Qin Shihuang connected and restored the Great Wall of the Warring States Period, which was called the Great Wall of Wan Li in history.

The Ming Dynasty was the last dynasty to overhaul the Great Wall. Most of the Great Wall that people see today was built at this time. Great Wall resources are mainly distributed in Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Henan, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang and other provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities.

Shaanxi Province is the province with the richest resources of the Great Wall in China, with a total length of1838km.

According to the results of the national Great Wall resources survey conducted by the cultural relics and surveying and mapping departments, the total length of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty was 8851.8km, and in Qin and Han Dynasties, it was1.0km and 21.0km..

1961March 4th, the Great Wall was announced by the State Council as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. 1987 65438+February, the Great Wall was listed as a world cultural heritage.

4. Introduction to Yanbei Great Wall Site

Before the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, some northern nomads, such as Xiongnu and Donghu, lived in today's southern Inner Mongolia. At the end of the Warring States Period, the territory of Yan, Zhao and Qin had expanded to today's Inner Mongolia, and China people from the Central Plains began to settle in the south of Inner Mongolia. For example, Zhao Wuling built the site of Yunzhong City Site in Tuoketuo County, Hohhot. Zhao Great Wall passes through Daqing Mountain in the north of Hohhot. After Yan defeated the East Lake, he built the Yanbei Great Wall and established the Right Beiping Department in the south of Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, with the resident in Ningcheng. The Great Wall of Wan Li was built in the Qin Dynasty, connecting the Great Walls of past dynasties and defending the Huns. Southern Inner Mongolia, such as Yunzhong County, is an important frontier defense town. In the north, the Great Wall is mainly the territory of the Xiongnu, Wuhuan, Xianbei and other Donghu people. When Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty won the Xiongnu War, the Xiongnu forces moved north and west. Throughout the Han Dynasty, followed by the Five Hues and Sixteen Kingdoms and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the southern Xiongnu and Donghu gradually merged with the Chinese nation, forming the predecessor of the Han nationality today. The Han Dynasty established a county in today's southern Inner Mongolia. For example, Wuyuan County was established in the Western Han Dynasty (pre-127), and its jurisdiction is equivalent to Dalat Banner and Zhungeer Banner in the eastern Bayannur League, Baotou City and Ordos City (Yikezhaomeng). Lu Bu, a famous general in the Three Kingdoms period, was born here. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Turkic forces influenced the Mongolian Plateau. The Khitans, descendants of Xianbei people in the Northern Song Dynasty, established the Liao State, and established the first capital Beijing in the Mongolian grassland near Balinzuoqi, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia.

5. Yan Great Wall Ruins Park

In the thirty-third year of Qin Shihuang (2 14 BC), Meng Tian, a general, was sent to chase the Xiongnu in the north and build the Great Wall for more than 10,000 miles to prevent the Xiongnu from going south. Historically, it was called Qin Changcheng.

Qin Changcheng was actually built on the basis of Qin Changcheng, Zhao Great Wall and Yan Great Wall during the Warring States Period.

From Lintao (now Min County, Gansu Province) in the west to Yalu River (now the east and south of Liaoning Province and the southeast of Jilin Province) in the east, a Great Wall of Wan Li was built, which was called the Great Wall of Wan Li in history.

Qin Changcheng, which is listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

In Qin Changcheng, the first line of Liangtou in the north watershed of Qinglong Gorge and the first line of Liangtou in the north lotus pond of Mutianyu. The latter is long, with a residual height of up to two meters, and stands across the pass. It consists of gravel and soil, with coarse-grained tiles and mountains on both sides. Qin Changcheng, there is no doubt.

Qin Changcheng 120k, Guyang County

The cumulative length of Qin Changcheng in Baotou City is about120km, and most of it is built on the northern slope of the mountain range. They are made of rammed earth, especially in valley passages and Pingchuan areas, while in mountainous areas, they are made of stones or clay and stones. Generally speaking, the stone remains of the Great Wall are well preserved.

The existing walls are generally more than 4 meters high, 4 meters wide at the bottom and 2 meters wide at the top.

Nantaizi Ancient City Site is located on the first-class terrace in the valley about 0.5 km south of Sankeshu Town, Tonghua County, Jilin Province. In the west, it overlooks the beacon tower of Gujiao Mountain in Wangqingmen Town, Xinbin County, Liaoning Province, and is about 27.9 kilometers east of Chibaisong in Tonghua County, Seoul (one of the three counties under Xuantu County in the Western Han Dynasty). The eastern starting point of the Great Wall in Qin and Han Dynasties. One of the remains of the Great Wall of Yan, Qin and Han discovered so far in Jilin Province.

The Great Wall of Qin Shihuang is roughly as follows: it starts from Min County, Gansu Province in the west, goes along Taohe River to Lintao County, passes through South Xinjiang and Dingxi County in the northeast, and goes from Lintao County to Guyuan County, Ningxia. From Guyuan to the northeast, it passes through Huan County, Jingbian, Hengshan, Yulin and Shenmu in Shaanxi Province, and then turns north to Tuoketuonan in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to reach the south bank of the Yellow River.

The Great Wall to the north of the Yellow River starts from Langshan in the west of the yinshan mountains in the east, ends at the northern foot of Daqingshan in the east, and continues eastward through Jining and Xinghe in Inner Mongolia, reaching shangyi county in Hebei Province. From Shangyi to the northeast, it passes through Zhangbei County and Weichang County in Hebei Province, then eastward, Fushun and Benxi to the southeast and Tonghua, and ends at the entrance of Qingchuan River in the northwest of Pyongyang, North Korea.

6. Yanzhou Ancient Great Wall

Yanmenguan is an important part of Wan Li Great Wall, a world cultural heritage and a national key cultural relic protection unit, and is known as the first pass in China. For more than 3,000 years, Yanmenguan, as a famous frontier fortress in ancient northern China, witnessed and influenced the historical process of China. Experienced a difficult process of national integration and accumulated the essence of multi-ethnic culture; As a famous commercial road in the history of China, Yanmenguan witnessed the rise and fall of ancient border trade and made the Shanxi merchants brilliant. In the history of our country, Xiongnu, Turkic, Uighur, Xianbei, Qidan, Nuzhen and Menggudu fought against the defenders of the Central Plains along the Great Wall of Yanmenguan. With the opposition between Ming Dynasty and Mongolian aristocrats, the military position of Yanmenguan became more and more important. In the early Ming Dynasty, Duke Ji 'an of Luxiang built a new Yanmenguan a few miles north of the former site. Later, it was repaired many times in Jingtai, Jiajing and Wanli. The length of the city is 1 km, and the wall is about 7 meters high. The stone base is made of brick and has three doors. The natural barrier is engraved on the stone tablet at the east gate. There is a wild goose building on the gate, next to the Temple of Mother Li. The Ximen stone tablet is engraved with a favorable location, and the Guandi Temple is built on the right. Outside the west gate, there is a north-south small north gate, and the stone tablet on the door is engraved with three big characters: Yanmenguan. There is a couplet engraved on the left and right tiles: three biographies are unparalleled, and nine statues are the first biography. Close the left and right walls of the city, and the beacon tower stands high on the top of the mountain.

7. Brief introduction of Yan ancient Great Wall site

Building the Great Wall: The Great Wall is the oldest and largest ancient defense project in China and even in the world. Since the 7th and 8th centuries BC, it has been built continuously for more than 2,000 years, and distributed in the vast land in northern and central China. Because the political sphere of influence of each China vassal state and feudal dynasty in American history is different, the Great Wall is not always built on the same line, so the length of the Great Wall is also different. The Great Wall of Qin, Han, Ming, Qing and Jin reached Wan Li or Wan Li. Generally speaking, its length exceeds 100000 Li. Because of its location, it is said to be more than two thousand years up and down, and it is thousands of miles across. Such a huge project is unique not only in China, but also in the world, so it ranks as one of the seven wonders of the Middle Ages with the Colosseum and the Leaning Tower of Pisa hundreds of years ago. Construction of beacon towers for military purposes began in the 7th century BC. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, beacon towers were connected by city walls, which were called the Great Wall for common defense between countries, and the Great Wall of Tribal Tiger resisted the nomadic people in the north. The Qin Dynasty, which unified China, took the Great Wall of Hu, which was rejected by all countries in the world, from beginning to end, extended to Liaodong and Wan Li. It was restored and built in Han Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, and it has survived to this day. The Great Wall has guaranteed the stability of the Central Plains and the smooth flow of the Silk Road, and promoted the exchanges among all ethnic groups in the border areas. By the Ming dynasty, the defense system of the Great Wall was more perfect, and the whole line was divided into nine sides and eleven towns. The towns below them are roads and customs until every enemy tower and beacon tower belongs to each other layer by layer. There are cities in the town, and there are also cities in Guan, all located along the main road. Celebrities such as Shanhaiguan, Jiayuguan, Juyongguan, Gubeikou and Yanmenguan were all in the Spring and Autumn Period. Long before Qin Shihuang, the Great Wall had been built. Qin and Han Dynasties: The Great Wall of Wan Li in Qin Dynasty was built on the basis of the Great Wall of ancient Qin, Zhao and Yan. Ming Dynasty: In the history of more than 200 years, the Ming Dynasty almost never stopped building the Great Wall.

8. Beijing Yan State Site

The nine ancient villages in Fangshan are:

1. Shuiyu Village.

Shuiyu Village, an ancient village in Ming Dynasty, is an important part of Beijing Xishan Cultural Belt. It was built on a patchwork mountain.

2. Nanjiao Village is located in Fangshan District, Beijing, about 60 kilometers away from the front of G 108 of the West Fourth Ring Road, and the distance is acceptable. It is about 9 kilometers away from the national highway, and the interior of the mountain area is also paved with asphalt.

3. Heilongguan Village is located in Fozizhuang Township, Fangshan District, Beijing. It consists of two natural villages, Heilongguan and Nanhe. Named after the ancient Guancheng on the nearby mountain.

4. Liulingshui Village, some existing ancient villages are engraved with hundreds of years of marks, which are precious. Bricks, rafters and trees preserved to this day all embody the most simple rural folk customs and tell the most authentic rural folk customs.

9. Zhao Yan Great Wall Site

There are Shanhaiguan, Jinshanling, xifengkou, Dushikou, Xuanhua City, Zhangjiakou, Tumaguan, Zijingguan and Jingxingguan.

10. Yangu Great Wall Site

There is the site of Yan Great Wall in the Warring States Period in the Lama Mountain Scenic Area in Jianping County, Liaoning Province.

Yan Great Wall was built by Yan State during the Warring States Period. According to historical records, the Yan Great Wall was built in the later period, more than 2300 years ago. The Great Wall runs from east to west, winding in the ups and downs of post stations and deep valleys, like a dragon winding in the mountains, becoming a natural barrier against foreign enemies. The total length of Shaoguoyingzi in Jianping County, the site of the Warring States Great Wall, is more than 65,438+00 kilometers. Locals call it Shilong or Longtu, which is the most complete section of the Yan Great Wall in existence. In June, 200 1 year, this section of Yan Great Wall site was designated as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council. It is built in a high mountain valley, with stones and rammed earth, taking local materials and winding. Width of configuration item